School heads’ transformational leadership and students’ modernity: the multiple mediating effects of school climates

Shutao Wang 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.3

This study aimed to determine the mediating effects of school climate on the relationship between school heads’ transformational leadership and students’ modernity. We asked teachers to report on their school heads’ transformational leadership, school climates, and students’ modernity. Data were collected from 378 teachers from 42 middle and primary schools in five provinces in mainland China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted to test multiple mediating effects. Results indicated that school climates, including affiliation climate, innovation climate, and justice climate, were significantly affected by school heads’ transformational leadership. All these three school climates had positive effects on students’ modernity, and partially mediated the relationship between school heads’ transformational leadership and students’ modernity. These three mediating variables accounted for 35.1% of the total indirect effects; the innovation climate accounted for 15.6% of the total indirect effects, followed by justice climate (11.7%) and affiliation climate (7.8%). Results suggest that school climates are important factors that need special attention when school heads wish to develop students’ modernity. In the implementation of transformational leadership, the combination of school climates and the establishment of innovation, justice, and affiliation climates should be emphasized.

The impact of boarding on campus on the social-emotional competence of left-behind children in rural western China

Shutao Wang,Xuan Dong,Yaqing Mao 서울대학교 교육연구소 2017 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.18 No.3

This study aimed to determine if boarding on campus benefited left-behind children’s social-emotional competence (SEC). We developed a SEC scale for the Chinese context and culture using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. Data were collected from 6638 school-aged children from 74 rural boarding schools in 11 provinces in western China. The results indicated that children’s SEC was significantly affected by being left-behind, living on campus, and their cross-effects. Left-behind children had lower levels of SEC than those under parental guardianship. Children living on campus had fewer positive SEC skills than those who commuted between home and school. We also found that left-behind children living on campus had a higher negative SEC than left-behind children who were commuting every day. The SEC of left-behind but commuting children was higher than that of non-left-behind boarding school students. Food quality and caregivers’ service attitudes also significantly affected children’s SEC. Children who received good or medium quality food and good service from caregivers had higher SEC than those with poorer food and service. In conclusion, boarding on campus negatively affects left-behind children’s SEC. This suggests that more attention should be directed to the negative effects of boarding on campus, and boarding condition, and improving food quality and caregivers’ service.

Theoretical Study on Interactions between N-Butylpyridinium Nitrate and Thiophenic Compounds

Lu, Renqing,Liu, Dong,Wang, Shutao,Lu, Yukun Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

By using density functional theory calculations, we have performed a systemic study on the electronic structures and topological properties of interactions between N-butylpyridinium nitrate ($[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$) and thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), naphthalene (NAP). The most stable structure of $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ ion pair indicates that hydrogen bonding interactions between oxygen atoms on $[NO_3]^-$ anion and C2-H2 on pyridinium ring play a dominating role in the formation of ion pair. The occurrence of hydrogen bonding, ${\pi}{\cdots}$H-C, and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and TS, BT, DBT, NAP has been corroborated at the molecular level. But hydrogen bonding and ${\pi}{\cdots}{\pi}$ interactions between $[BPY]^+[NO_3]^-$ and NAP are weak in terms of structural properties and NBO, AIM analyses. DBT is prior to adsorption on N-butylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid.

Theoretical Study on Interactions between N-Butylpyridinium Nitrate and Thiophenic Compounds

Renqing Lü,Dong Liu,Shutao Wang,Yukun Lu 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.6

By using density functional theory calculations, we have performed a systemic study on the electronic structures and topological properties of interactions between N-butylpyridinium nitrate ([BPY]+[NO3]−) and thiophene (TS), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT), naphthalene (NAP). The most stable structure of [BPY]+[NO3]− ion pair indicates that hydrogen bonding interactions between oxygen atoms on [NO3]− anion and C2-H2 on pyridinium ring play a dominating role in the formation of ion pair. The occurrence of hydrogen bonding, π···H-C, and π···π interactions between [BPY]+[NO3]− and TS, BT, DBT, NAP has been corroborated at the molecular level. But hydrogen bonding and π···π interactions between [BPY]+[NO3]− and NAP are weak in terms of structural properties and NBO, AIM analyses. DBT is prior to adsorption on N-butylpyridinium nitrate ionic liquid.

Effects of Chlorine Addition to TiO2 Nanorods-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

Dong Zhao,Rendong Wang,Pengfei Wang,Shutao Li,Zhao Li,Meiling Sun,Yunyan Liu,Junshan Xiu 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.6

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods (NR) structure and Chlorine substitution is beneficial to the extraction and diffusion of electrons in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, different concentrations of PbCl2 in perovskite are integrated with TiO2 (NR) to fabricate PSCs. The total thickness of perovskite absorber layer and electron transport layer (ETL) is about 850 nm, and the PSCs exhibit excellent performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) test reveal that moderate PbCl2 additive improves the perovskite film morphology and crystal quality of perovskite films. Optimal perovskite films with high crystallinity and uniform surface were prepared by adding 3 mol% PbCl2 into perovskite precursor solution, the crystal boundary and defect states are greatly reduced, thus reducing the electrons and holes recombination. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement of the device with this optimal molar ratio of PbCl2 is over 24% compared with the device without PbCl2.

Adsorption–desorption oscillations of nanoparticles on a honeycomb-patterned pH-responsive hydrogel surface in a closed reaction system

Jang, Ji Ho,Orbá,n, M.,Wang, Shutao,Huh, Do Sung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.46

<P>A new type of pH-responsive hydrogel surface with varying nanoparticle adsorptivities was fabricated to form a micro-patterned film. To increase its responsivity to environmental pH changes, we incorporated graphene oxide (GO) into a poly(methacrylic acid)–polyethylene glycol copolymer. Incorporating GO in the pH-responsive hydrogel significantly increased the adsorption–desorption responsivity of Ag nanoparticles on the gel surface. A pH oscillator in a closed reaction system composed of BrO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>–Fe(CN)<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>4−</SUP>–SO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>2−</SUP> facilitated the self-oscillating adsorption–desorption of Ag nanoparticles on the GO-incorporated gel surface. The reversible adsorption–desorption of Ag nanoparticles on the patterned hydrogel surface in response to pH oscillations was determined using UV–visible spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The observed heterogeneous oscillations indicated that the adsorptivity of the gel surface can be reversibly changed on the patterned pH-responsive gel. This phenomenon is similar to various natural biological systems.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Adsorption–desorption oscillations of nanoparticles on a honeycomb-patterned pH-responsive hydrogel surface were derived from a pH-oscillator in a closed reaction system. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp03083d'> </P>