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Huimin Xu,Shujun Dai,Keying Zhang,Xuemei Ding,Shiping Bai,Jianping Wang,Huanwei Peng,Qiufeng Zeng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.12
Objective: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) deficiency on intestinal pH value, digestive enzyme activity, morphology, nutrient utilization, and gene expression of NaPi-IIb in meat ducks from 1 to 21 d of age. Methods: A total of 525 one-d-old Cherry Valley ducklings were fed diets (with 7 pens of 15 ducklings, or 105 total ducklings, on each diet) with five levels of nPP (0.22%, 0.34%, 0.40%, 0.46%, or 0.58%) for 21 d in a completely randomized design. Five experimental diets contained a constant calcium (Ca) content of approximately 0.9%. Body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed to gain ratio (F:G) were measured at 14 and 21 d of age. Ducks were sampled for duodenum and jejunum digestion and absorption function on 14 and 21 d. Nutrient utilization was assessed using 25- to 27-d-old ducks. Results: The results showed ducks fed 0.22% nPP had lower (p<0.05) growth performance and nutrient utilization and higher (p<0.05) serum Ca content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. When dietary nPP levels were increased, BW (d 14 and 21), BWG and FI (all intervals), and the serum phosphorus (P) content linearly and quadratically increased (p<0.05); and the jejunal pH value (d 14), duodenal muscle layer thickness (d 14), excreta dry matter, crude protein, energy, Ca and total P utilization linearly increased (p<0.05); however, the serum ALP activity, jejunal Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and duodenal NaPi-IIb mRNA level (d 21) linearly decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that ducks aged from 1 to 21 d fed diets with 0.22% nPP had poor growth performance related to poor intestinal digestion and absorption ability; but when fed diets with 0.40%, 0.46%, and 0.58% nPP, ducks presented a better growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption function.
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Juanqiong Gou,Jing Xiang,Shujun Zhang,Wei Dai 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.7
Catering Service Supply Chain (CSSC) is a new supply chain, of which Catering Service Integrator (CSI) is in the center accompany with Functional Catering Service Provider (FCSP). The core objective of CSSC is to provide different catering enterprises with supply chain services. Instability, non-standardization, specialty and diversity characteristics of the Chinese catering industry inevitably lead to demand uncertainty of CSSC, directly resulting in the uncertainty of operation and supply side. The uncertainty of supply chain system is the basis of robust optimization study, under the influence of uncertainty, robustness is extremely important to ensure stable income and continuous operation of supply chain. This research classifies various uncertainty scenarios, based on robust optimization method. Two strategies, service coordination with widely knowledge sharing, and synchronous decision with intelligent inducement, are designed to induce and integrate personalized demand to get the scale effect and the coordination of the entire supply chain. From a point of quantitative view, this research builds up robust optimization model to improve robustness of CSSC, deposing the target into two coordinated parts. The coordination is of great sense, including two objectives simultaneously, the first one aims to maximize the delivery rate of order demand, the second one aims to optimize profit of CSI and FCSP. According to data examination, the coordinative strategies and robust optimization model can effectively control the uncertainty of the whole supply chain, and then improve the robustness of CSSC.
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