고려사의 北方語 성씨 石抹에 대하여

심영환(Shim, Young Hwan) 한림대학교 태동고전연구소 2018 泰東古典硏究 Vol.40 No.-

고려의 역사서에는 북방어의 성씨 ‘石抹’이 등장한다. 《요사》(遼史) 「국어해」(國語解)에 ‘述律’이 등장하는데, 한성(漢姓, 중국식 姓)으로는 ‘蕭’라고 하였다. 요(遼)의 황족(皇族) 가운데 남성은 ‘耶律’을, 황후족(皇后族)은 바로 이 ‘蕭’姓을 사용하였다. 그런데 요가 멸망하자 ‘述律’을 ‘石抹’로 바꾸어 활동하였다. 청(淸)의 건륭(乾隆) 47년(1782) 편찬된 《요금원삼사 국어해》(遼金元三史國語解)(전46권)에 의하면 ‘述律’은 /šuru/(슈루), ‘石抹’은 /šumuru/ (슈무루)라고 만주어로 전사(transliteration)되기 때문에 음성적 유사성이 확인된다. 한편 고려의 역사서에는 고려가 요(遼)와 교류할 때 ‘述律’의 중국식 성인 ‘蕭’가 나타난다. 그런데 몽골(元)과 교류할 때는 몽골인 가운데 ‘石抹’의 성씨가 등장한다. 이는 ‘述律’을 ‘石 抹’로 고쳤기 때문이다. 이 ‘石抹’은 조선의 개국 후에 발급한 개국원종공신녹권(開國原從功臣 錄券)(1395)에도 나타난다. 이후 조선에 정착한 ‘石抹’은 조선의 성씨가 되어 조선후기의 문헌에 등장한다. 하지만 ‘石抹’의 문자가 와전되어 ‘㸴’씨가 되고, 그 음도 소[牛]를 /쇼/라고 한다는 착상을 불러 일으켰다 In the sources of the Goryeo dynasty, a particular surname Shimo / Seokmal (石抹) often appears. According to the Explanation of Nomenclature (guoyu jie 國語解) Chapter in the Official History of the Liao (Liaoshi 遼史), there is a surname Shulü (述律) which was written as Xiao (蕭) in Chinese characters. The male members of the Liao imperial clan adopted the surname Yelü (耶律), and some members of the empress clan used Xiao (蕭) as their surname. After the fall of the Liao, the surname Shulü (述律) was changed to Shimo (石抹). According to the Imperial Dynastic Language Glossaries in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Histories (Qinding Liao, Jin, Yuan sanshi guoyu jie 欽定遼金元三史國語解,46 volumes, completed in the 47th year of the Qianlongera, 1782), the pronunciation of the surname Shulü was transliterated in Manchuas šuru, and Shimo as šumuru. This shows that the two surnames were phonetically identical. On the other hand, in historical sources of the Goryeo dynasty, the Chinese equivalent of the surname Shulü, the Han Chinese style surname Xiao (蕭), also appears in the names of embassies between the Liao and Goryeo. In addition, a few people from the Yuan who maintained contact with the Goryeo people also had the surname Shimo. The use of the surname Shimo is due to the change from Shulü to Shimo. The surname Shimo is also the surname of many officials found in the List of Records of the Original Meritorious Officials on the Founding of the Dynasty (Gaeguk wonjong gongsin rok gwon, 開國原從 功臣錄券), the list of meritorious official recognized in the founding of the Joseon dynasty. Later, the surname Shimo became a common surname of the Joseon dynasty - pronounced as Seokmal in Korean, as evident in the various sources of the Joseon dynasty. However, the character Shimo was mis-written as character 㸴 (CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-3E34), and the sound was mislead to be so/syo (소/쇼, equivalent to the Korean reading of the character 牛 at this time).

壬子本沈淸歌硏究

심동복(Shim Dong-Bok) 국어문학회 2010 국어문학 Vol.48 No.-

오늘날 〈심청전〉에 대한 연구가 여러 가지 측면에서 본격적으로 진행되고 있는 터에 새로 발굴된 〈심청가〉를 연구하게 된 것을 보람 있는 일이라고 생각한다. 〈심청가〉는 구성상으로는 경판본의 후대적 징후로 무대상의 변화가 잇고 몇 명의 인물이 더 첨가되었으며, 완판본보다는 몇 명의 인물이 생략되었다. 사건 전개에 있어서도 경판본보다 약간 복잡하게 처리되어 있고, 완판본보다는 비교적 단순하여 경판본과 완판본의 중간에 위치하는 과도기적 이본임이 드러났다. 내용면에서도 완판본의 장면보다 생략된 점이 있고 통속면에서도 경판본은 간결하고 소박하나, 완판본은 풍성한 통속성을 가지는데 〈심청가〉는 완판본의 경우에 비해서 약화되어 과도기적 양상을 보이고 있다. 또한 〈심청가〉는 희곡적 성격과 장편가사로서의 면모를 나타내고 있어 하나의 작품이면서 서사문학적 구조 위에 몇 가지 장르의 성격을 입체적으로 겸유함으로써 이본적 특성과 함께 독자적 가치를 드러내고 있다. 따라서, 〈심청전〉의 판소리화 내지는 연극화 그리고 표현문체의 가사화 등에 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다. Today, the study of 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 is developing by several ways. In this time, it is very meaningful to study 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 which is founded recently. 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 is composed the change of the stage and is added some characters in KyeongPan-Bon. But some of characters are omitted comparing with WanPan-Bon. In developing happenings, it is a little complicated than KyeongPan-Bon and a little simple than WanPan-Bon. Thus it become known that it is a different Bon which is between KyeongPan-Bon and WanPan-Bon in s transition period. In contents, it is a little omitted than the scene of WanPan-Bon. In a common custom, it is a little weak than WanPan-Bon and it showed a situation of transition period. Even though KyeongPan-Bon's common custom is simple and plain, and WanPan-Bon's common custom is fruitful. Also, 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 has the character of a drama and an aspect of a long words of song. It is a work of art and has several characters of genre in descriptive literal construction. Therefore, it has creative value with characteristics of a different Bon. In accordance with, 〈ShimCheong-Ga〉 rendered great service to be the pansori, to be the play and to be the words of a song is a literary style of expression.

Tong Asia ku˘ndae sasangnon: cho˘ nt’ong u˘i haeso˘k kwa ch’angjo (Theory of Modern Ideology in East Asia : Interpretation and creation of Tradition) by Yi Yongju. Seoul: Ihaksa, 2009, 397 pp.

( Shim¸ Hyoung-june ) 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2009 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.22 No.1

Towards an Understanding of Teachers' Mediation in English Language Teaching in the Primary Schools

Shim,Kyu-Nam 한국초등영어교육학회 2009 초등영어교육 Vol.15 No.2

This small-scale study aims to investigate how primary teachers of English perceive their role as mediators with regard to English teaching. Thus, it examines the teachers' current mediation principles and their perceived practice. This study also sets out to gain an in-depth understanding of further issues which emerged from the dissonance between the teachers' beliefs and their perceived practice of mediation. In order to conduct the research, a mediation questionnaire was adopted from Williams and Burden (1997), and another open-ended questionnaire was constructed to obtain the qualitative data from 22 participants who are teachers of English and are in a Master's degree program. The results of the study reveal that generally teachers hold and exercise their own beliefs regarding their role as mediators. However, they do not put some of their principles into practice. A number of significant factors were found to be responsible for this, these are: unfavorable teachers' working conditions, dedication to the national curriculum, and their awareness of certain mediation principles. Some particular areas needing further investigation were identified in the last part of the study.

The Lexicon Project: Identifying and Unpacking the Technical Vocabulary of Japanese Mathematics Teachers

( Shimizu ),( Yoshinori ) 한국수학교육학회 2017 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2017 No.2

The Japanese tradition of Lesson Study has created a teaching community in which observation and discussion of teaching are integral parts of professional practice with particular lexical terms of specific significance. The current study aims to address the terms that Japanese teachers use to describe the phenomena of the school mathematics classroom. The study explores the constituent elements and structural characteristics of the Japanese lexicon, as a part of the international Lexicon Project that aims to document and compare the naming systems in nine participating countries. Each participating team contributed a videotaped lesson to be included in a stimulus package viewed by team members in each country to identify the wellestablished pedagogical terms or phrases of used in the communities. We created a lexicon of 76 terms and their extensive descriptions. An electronic survey was conducted for a national validation to examine how familiar the terms were for the mathematics teachers in Japan. Overall, the terms were very familiar to the respondents, although some terms were somewhat less frequently in use. An evolving nature of lexical terms has appeared through the process of analyses. Issues and challenges in studying local Lexicon are discussed.

A Model of Robot-Assisted Assessment of Primary School Students’ English Speaking

Shim,KyuNam,MIn,Deok-Gi,Lee,Seungmin 한국초등영어교육학회 2012 초등영어교육 Vol.18 No.3

This small-scale study aims to try out if an educational robot can be used as an interlocutor in the formative speaking assessment in the primary English learning classrooms. Also it aims to investigate if it could affect the learners’ emotional factors such as motivation and confidence. For these purposes, firstly, a number of theoretical issues were investigated: Difficulties of speaking assessment, principles of speaking assessment, and robot technology; secondly, the educational standards of speaking skills prescribed in the national curriculum were examined. Through which, a model of robot-assisted speaking assessment was developed and applied to the primary school students. In addition, a questionnaire survey and an interview were conducted to 13 students for the purpose of obtaining the quantitative and qualitative data regarding their emotional responses to the assessment. The results indicate that the model of robot-assisted assessment might be put into assessment practice. There are, however, still some obstacles which need to be addressed. First, the robot should be equipped with some more high-technologies such as space and voice recognition for human-robot-interaction(HRI). Second, it should also be equipped with a number of programs such as text-to-speech(TTS), speech-to-text(STT), radio-frequency identification(RFID), and tele-presents in order to allow robots to communicate with the students. Lastly, item pool of speaking assessment should be developed thought which, the teachers could access it without any difficulties. Finally, a pedagogical implication is presented based on the research results.

The Analysts' Forecast Accuracy of Earnings versus Cash Flows

Shim,Ho-Seok 한몽경상학회 2011 한몽경상연구 Vol.22 No.3

이 논문은 이익과 현금흐름의 예측정확성을 비교하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 일반적으로 이익의 예측정확성에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔지만, 현금흐름의 예측정확성에 대해서는 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 이 연구는 연구할만한 주제이다, 왜냐하면 현금흐름은 기본적으로 이익과 더불어 회계에서 중요한 경제적 변수이며, 현금흐름의 예측정확성 연구는 이익 및 발생액과 밀접한 관련이 있기 때문이다. 따라서 현금흐름 예측정확성연구는 그 의미가 크다할 수 있을 것이다. 연구결과에 의하면, 현금흐름 예측정확성은 이익의 예측정확성보다 못하였다. 즉 현금흐름 예측오차가 이익예측오차보다 크게 나타난다. 이러한 결과는 발생액 때문일 수 있다. 발생액이 미래이익예측에 유리하게 작용했을지도 모른다. 그 외에, 어떠한 변수들이 현금흐름 예측정확성에 영향을 주는지 회귀분석을 해 보았다. 이때 독립변수들은 이익예측에 영향을 주는 변수들을 그대로 사용하였다. 연구결과, 모든 독립변수들이 현금흐름 예측정확성에 유의한 영향을 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과에 대해 이익예측 정확성에 미치는 영향요인이 현금흐름예측정확성에 미치는 영향요인과 다르기 때문일지도 모르는 것으로 해석된다. 향후 이 부분에 대해 더 깊이 있는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

Dissolving Boundaries : Ethical Issues Surrounding Powered Prosthesis from Analyzing the Cybathlon and Advanced Prosthetic Technologies

( Shim¸ Ji-won ),( Jung¸ Eui-tay ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

The first Cybathlon will be held in October 2016 and this contest is designed for developing prosthetic technologies. In this study, we analyzed the Cybathlon and from this analysis we researched advanced prosthetic technologies. In addition, we ascertained some ethical issues about post-human beings with prosthetic equipment, which could rehabilitate disabled people and even serve to enhance non-disabled people. Disability is only one of the inconveniences that a person must endure, but everyone has some sort of inconvenience to endure. We found the possibilities of dissolving boundaries between people with disabilities and their able-bodied counterparts through the Cybathlon and prosthetic devices. The features and role of our body itself will be expanded with the help of these future technologies. Engineers, inventors and designers are making better prostheses for disabilities, but these could help not only disabled people but also every non-disabled people. The dominant ethical debates that appear in bioethics and human- related enhancement are reliability, authenticity and autonomy. Reliability and autonomy are the question of being safe and controllable. In this study, we want to raise a question on authenticity: ‘if a person with a powered-prosthesis sets a better record, should we admit it?’

An investigation into teachers’ perceptions of the national achievement test of primary English

Shim,KyuNam,Lee,WonKey 한국초등영어교육학회 2011 초등영어교육 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate how primary school teachers of English perceive the national achievement test of primary English (hereafter NATPE). It also aims to investigate to what extent the washback effect of NATPE has on teachers' practice in their teaching. For these purposes, the teachers’ usual way of teaching was surveyed, and an NATPE test contents were analyzed from the perspectives of teachers. From this analysis, some critical issues were raised, such as the dissonance between what the teachers do before and after the test implementation, and the impact of the test on the teachers' perception and their practices. To carry out the research, a questionnaire consisting of some open-ended questions and some close-ended ones was administerd to over 100 teachers from different areas. An in-depth interview was also conducted to 15 questionnaire respondents in order to consolidate the data obtained from the questionnaire. The results indicate that teachers do not have enough information about the NATPE in terms of the four level distinctions of English achievement, and the differences between the neighbouring levels, the way of determining the cut-off point of each level. The results also show that teachers made efforts by employing a number of methods and strategies to help students prepare for the test, and compensate for their weakness after the test.

An Analysis of Less-able Students’ Motivation in their English Learning in the Primary Schools

Shim,Kyu-Nam 한국초등영어교육학회 2010 초등영어교육 Vol.16 No.1

This small-scale study aims to analyze how less-able students in the primary schools perceive certain components of motivation with regard to their English language learning. Thus, it examines the less-able students’ current perception of their English language learning. In order to conduct this research, a close-ended questionnaire was adopted and quantitative data of 81 participants were obtained from ten primary schools; then factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried out. The results of the study reveal that generally there are two major components which have an effect on the participants’ motivation with respect to their English language learning: intrinsic motivation and parents. While having relatively low intrinsic motivation, the participants are generally encouraged to learn English in order to meet their parents’ expectations. A number of significant minor components were also found to be responsible for the participants’ motivation such as the participants’ self-efficacy and teachers. Tentative implications and recommendations for the development of the less-able students’ motivation regarding English language learning are discussed in the towards the end of the study.