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Chemical Sensors and Actuators for Rehabilitation Engineering
YAMAUCHI, Shigeru 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1
Rehabilitation engineering is a new engineering field and becomes more important as the aged population grows. Fundamental aspects on rehabilitation engineering are briefly described. Sensors and actuators play significant roles in this field. Our projects on sensors and actuators are reviewed. They are enzyme embodied electrode and tungsten bronze electrode coated with solid polymer electrolyte. The former is for determination of blood glucose concentration and the latter is for functional electrical stimulation.
Katsunori Toyoda,Takeo Hata,Shigeru Yamauchi,Shinya Kinoshita,Masami Nishihara,Kazuhisa Uchiyama,Ken Inada,Tetsufumi Kanazawa 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.2
Objective The effectiveness of clozapine is clearly superior to other antipsychotics in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia. Clozapine leads to various side effects, and therefore many patients are forced to discontinue. In this study, we analyzed the registry database of all cases in Japan to identify risk factors for discontinuation of clozapine. Methods The Clozaril patient monitoring service?? (CPMS) database from July 31, 2009 to January 26, 2020 was acquired. We defined the following exclusion criteria: patients who had ever taken clozapine by a non-CPMS method, such as an individual import or clinical trial, patients who did not receive clozapine after being enrolled in CPMS, and patients with initial doses other than 12.5 mg (outside the current protocol). Therefore, all patients in this study are new users. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate independent risk factors associated with time to discontinuation of clozapine. Results We identified 8,263 patients as the study population. Clozapine discontinuation was significantly associated with age 40 and older [hazard ratio (HR)=1.66, p<0.001], intolerance to olanzapine (HR=1.31, p=0.018), previous treatment with clozapine (HR=1.30, p=0.001), and leukocyte counts <6,000/mm3 (HR=1.24, p<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curves for clozapine discontinuation by age group revealed that older age at the time of clozapine introduction tended to have lower continuation rates. Conclusion Careful administration is important because patients with these factors have a high risk of discontinuation. In addition, the initiation of clozapine during the younger period was more effective and more tolerated.