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Shigeru Satoh,Yuino Murakoshi,Ai Hojo,Keiko Chisaka,Taro Harada,Shigeru Satoh 한국식물학회 2012 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.55 No.5
Ethylene has an inhibitory effect on flowering in a short-day (SD) plant chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). In this study, we used a hexaploid chrysanthemum ‘Sei-Marine’and found that its transgenic lines transformed with a mutated ethylene receptor gene mDGERS1(etr1-4), which conferred reduced ethylene sensitivity (J. Plant Biol. 51: 424-427, 2008), opened flowers earlier than the non-transformed control. We examined whether the accelerated flower induction in the transformant occurred through the enhanced expression of chrysanthemum genes homologous to FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a floral inducer gene in Arabidopsis. We cloned three cDNAs for FT homologs (CmFTL1, CmFTL2, and CmFTL3) from ‘Sei-Marine’. CmFTL2 putatively encodes a non-functional gene product due to a frame shift caused by a 2 bp-deletion in the coding region. RT-PCR analysis revealed differential expression patterns of CmFTL genes in the transgenic and control lines,suggesting that these genes might be under the control of ethylene. CmFTL1/2 mRNA level was lower in a SD condition than a long-day (LD) condition. CmFTL3 mRNA accumulated abundantly under SD condition as compared with LD condition in the transgenic line. These results suggest the association of increased expression of CmFTL3gene with the accelerated flowering in the transgenic line with reduced ethylene sensitivity.
Satoh, Shigeru,Kosugi, Yusuke,Iwazaki, Yujiro,Shibuya, Kenichi,Waki, Keisuke The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2000 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2 No.2
Carnation petals exhibit autocatalytic ethylene production and wilting during senescence. The autocatalytic ethylene production is induced by the expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase genes, whereas the wilting of petals is related to expression of the cysteine proteinase (CP) gene. Until recently, it has been believed that these two phenomena, autocatalytic ethylene production and wilting, are regulated in concert in senescing carnation petals, since the two phenomena occurred closely in parallel. Our studies with petals of a transgenic carnation harboring a sense ACC oxidase transgene and petals of carnation flowers treated with 1,1-dimethyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl) semicarbazide showed that the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes and that of CP are regulated differently in carnation psanetals. Interestingly, in the petals of transgenic carnation, the transcript for CP was accumulated but the transcripts for ACC synthase and ACC oxidase were not accumulated in response to exogenous ethylene. Based on these results, we hypothesized that two ethylene signaling pathways, one leading to the expression of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase genes and the other leading to the expression of CP gene, are functioning in senescing carnation petals.
Mihaela Iordachescu,Heidi Bowman,Kentaro Sasaki,Ryozo Imai,Shigeru Satoh,Sven Verlinden 한국식물학회 2009 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.52 No.5
CEBP, a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein, has been previously cloned as a putative transcription factor involved in ethylene signaling in carnation development and senescence. In order to more clearly define CEBP role and function, we carried out experiments to define its pattern of mRNA abundance and possible subcellular localization. Changes in CEBP mRNA abundance showed a dramatic drop from anthesis to open flower stage of development immediately preceding the ethylene climacteric associated with flower senescence. A similar but less dramatic decrease in CEBP was observed upon ethylene exposure, again before endogenous climacteric ethylene was observed. The pattern of CEBP mRNA abundance suggests a response to or involvement in the initial steps of the petal senescence process. GFP co-localization showed that a GFP–CEBP construct was directed to the nucleus, whereas a CEBP–GFP construct localized to the chloroplast. Nuclear localization was expected as CEBP was cloned as an ethylene-responsive element-binding protein or transcription factor. The role and function of CEBP in the chloroplast, however, remains unclear. Future lines of inquiry based on our results are discussed.