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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Shi Yinghua (검색결과 2 건)
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Study on Evaluation Model of Urban resilience in response to Flood
Chen, An,SHI Yu,CHEN Yinghua 한국도시행정학회 2019 한국도시행정학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.12
Flood disaster is a kind of natural disaster that tests the level of the urban resilience, for it’s strong sudden occurrence, high frequency and serious loss to urban population and wealth. This paper analyzes the influencing factors of urban resilience, constructs the evaluation model of urban resilience to deal with flood disasters, and takes urban resistibility, adaptability and recovery as the three first-level indexes, ecological resistance and economy resistance, infrastructure resistance, disaster intensity, direct loss, infrastructure recovery and psychological recovery time as the second grade index. 22 tertiary indicators such as annual average precipitation and forest coverage were selected for assessment. The evolution law of evaluation model is also discussed from the stage of flood development. Finally, the data of Super typhoon “Mangkhut” in Guangdong Province landing in 2018 are selected for case analysis, and the urban resilience level to flood in Guangdong Province was obtained, which provided a reference for rationally responding to flood risks and carrying out the construction of urban resistance to flood.
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Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health — A review
Ali Qasim,Ma Sen,La Shaokai,Guo Zhiguo,Liu Boshuai,Gao Zimin,Farooq Umar,Wang Zhichang,Zhu Xiaoyan,Cui Yalei,Li Defeng,Shi Yinghua 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.10
The maintenance of poultry gut health is complex depending on the intricate balance among diet, the commensal microbiota, and the mucosa, including the gut epithelium and the superimposing mucus layer. Changes in microflora composition and abundance can confer beneficial or detrimental effects on fowl. Antibiotics have devastating impacts on altering the landscape of gut microbiota, which further leads to antibiotic resistance or spread the pathogenic populations. By eliciting the landscape of gut microbiota, strategies should be made to break down the regulatory signals of pathogenic bacteria. The optional strategy of conferring dietary fibers (DFs) can be used to counterbalance the gut microbiota. DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is one of the primary modes through which the gut microbiota interacts and communicate with the host. The majority of SCFAs are produced in the large intestine (particularly in the caecum), where they are taken up by the enterocytes or transported through portal vein circulation into the bloodstream. Recent shreds of evidence have elucidated that SCFAs affect the gut and modulate the tissues and organs either by activating G-protein-coupled receptors or affecting epigenetic modifications in the genome through inducing histone acetylase activities and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Thus, in this way, SCFAs vastly influence poultry health by promoting energy regulation, mucosal integrity, immune homeostasis, and immune maturation. In this review article, we will focus on DFs, which directly interact with gut microbes and lead to the production of SCFAs. Further, we will discuss the current molecular mechanisms of how SCFAs are generated, transported, and modulated the pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses against pathogens and host physiology and gut health. The maintenance of poultry gut health is complex depending on the intricate balance among diet, the commensal microbiota, and the mucosa, including the gut epithelium and the superimposing mucus layer. Changes in microflora composition and abundance can confer beneficial or detrimental effects on fowl. Antibiotics have devastating impacts on altering the landscape of gut microbiota, which further leads to antibiotic resistance or spread the pathogenic populations. By eliciting the landscape of gut microbiota, strategies should be made to break down the regulatory signals of pathogenic bacteria. The optional strategy of conferring dietary fibers (DFs) can be used to counterbalance the gut microbiota. DFs are the non-starch carbohydrates indigestible by host endogenous enzymes but can be fermented by symbiotic microbiota to produce shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs). This is one of the primary modes through which the gut microbiota interacts and communicate with the host. The majority of SCFAs are produced in the large intestine (particularly in the caecum), where they are taken up by the enterocytes or transported through portal vein circulation into the bloodstream. Recent shreds of evidence have elucidated that SCFAs affect the gut and modulate the tissues and organs either by activating G-protein-coupled receptors or affecting epigenetic modifications in the genome through inducing histone acetylase activities and inhibiting histone deacetylases. Thus, in this way, SCFAs vastly influence poultry health by promoting energy regulation, mucosal integrity, immune homeostasis, and immune maturation. In this review article, we will focus on DFs, which directly interact with gut microbes and lead to the production of SCFAs. Further, we will discuss the current molecular mechanisms of how SCFAs are generated, transported, and modulated the pro-and anti-inflammatory immune responses against pathogens and host physiology and gut health.
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