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Double Quadrature Spatial Modulation
Tasnim Holoubi,Sheriff Murtala,Nishal Muchena,매너모하이센 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.11 No.3
Quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) utilizes the in-phase and quadrature spatial dimensions to transmit the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of a single signal symbol. Improved QSM (IQSM) builds upon QSM to increase the spectral efficiency by transmitting the real and imaginary parts of two signal symbols using antenna combinations of size of two. In this paper, we propose a double QSM (DQSM) scheme that transmits the real and imaginary parts of two signal symbols independently through any of the transmit antennas. The two signal symbols are drawn from two different constellations of the same size with the first symbol drawn from any of the conventional modulation sets while the second is drawn from an optimally rotated version of the first constellation. The optimum rotation angle is obtained through extensive Monte Carlo simulations to minimize the bit error rate (BER) of the system. Simulation results show that for a given spectral efficiency, DQSM performs relatively close to IQSM while requiring a smaller number of transmit antennas, and outperforms IQSM by up to 2 dB when the same number of antennas are used.
Rotated-symbol Generalized Spatial Modulation
Nishal Muchena,Sheriff Murtala,Tasnim Holoubi,매너모하이센 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.11 No.3
In spatial modulation (SM), both the signal symbol and spatial symbol, i.e., the index of the antenna from which signal symbol is transmitted, carry information. To increase the number of bits carried by spatial symbols, more transmit antennas are required. In the generalized SM (GSM), the same signal symbol is transmitted from a combination of antennas, resulting in a reduction in the number of antennas required to achieve a given spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a rotated-symbol GSM (RGSM), in which the signal symbol is rotated with an angle corresponding to the position of the antenna index within the combination. This increases the number of spatial symbols by a factor equivalent to the length of the antenna combinations of the GSM. Numerically, SM, GSM and RGSM require 128, 17 and 12 transmit antennas to convey seven bits through the spatial symbols. Simulation results show that RGSM performs relatively close to GSM, and in several system settings, their error performances coincide.
Nagendrababu, Venkateshbabu,Sultan, Omer Sheriff,Kannathasan, Sreedharan,Patel, Amir Shahreza,Chitra, Ebenezer,Neelakantan, Prasanna,Davamani, Fabian The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2018 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.43 No.1
Objectives: To determine the effect of root canal irrigants on the hydrophobicity and adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) to root canal dentin in vitro. Materials and Methods: Root dentin blocks (n = 60) were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigation regimen: group 1, saline; group 2, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); group 3, 5.25% NaOCl followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); group 4, same as group 3 followed by 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The hydrophobicity of S. epidermidis to root dentin was calculated by cell surface hydrophobicity while the adherence was observed by fluorescence microscopy, and bacteria were quantified using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health). Statistical analysis of the data was done using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results: The hydrophobicity and adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin were significantly increased after irrigating with group 3 (NaOCl-EDTA) (p < 0.05), whereas in group 4 (NaOCl-EDTA-CHX) both hydrophobicity and adherence were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adherence of S. epidermidis to dentin was influenced differently by root canal irrigants. Final irrigation with CHX reduces the bacterial adherence and may impact biofilm formation.
An Aortic Root Abscess Presenting as a Suprasternal Pulsatile Mass
Karthik Raman,Ejaz Ahmed Sheriff,Jacob Jamesraj,Ram Kumar 대한흉부외과학회 2019 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.52 No.3
Prosthetic valve endocarditis with aortic root abscess is a serious condition requiring urgent surgical intervention. We present a case caused by an infected Bentall mechanical valve conduit after cardiac surgery in a patient who was referred for a suprasternal pulsatile mass. The patient also had 1 episode of sentinel haemorrhage.
Characteristics of Modified Diffusion Analysis of Squeezed Hydro-magnetic Nanofluid Flow
S. Ahmad,Samreen Sheriff,M. Farooq 한국자기학회 2021 Journal of Magnetics Vol.26 No.3
This communication based on nanofluid theory is exhibited to study the squeezing mechanism. Hydro-magnetic phenomenon is incorporated in the analysis of nanofluid flow. The flow of heat and mass transport is interpreted by the constitutive relationship of modified diffusion model which overcomes the deficiencies in Fourier’s and Fick’s classical theories. The nano-fluid theory also incorporates the features of two important slip mechanisms namely Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. Resulting heat and mass transport problems are figure out to develop the series solutions. Interval of convergence is established for computed series solutions. Behavior of emerging parameters in flow distributions are graphed and discussed. The major founds in this attempt is that higher Brownian diffusion strengthens the both heat and mass fluxes, while larger thermophoresis parameter enhances the heat flux but it weakens the mass flux. Moreover, both heat and mass flow field decays for enlarge estimation of thermal and solutal time relaxation parameters, respectively. Velocity field shows dual behavior for dominant magnetic parameter.