Shadow Soft Set Theory

Shawkat Alkhazaleh 한국지능시스템학회 2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.22 No.4

The shadow set is a new concept defined as a new tool with uncertainty, where the membershipvalues are taken from 0, 1, and [0, 1]. Here, we introduce the concept of a shadow soft set as acombination of the shadow set and soft set. An example is presented that shows the existingsignificance of the shadow soft set. Subsequently, some properties of the shadow soft set arediscussed. The operations on shadow soft sets such as complement, union, intersection, AND,and OR are given with their properties, and an application to decision-making is shown.

Printed non-volatile resistive switches based on zinc stannate (ZnSnO3)

Shawkat Ali,Jinho Bae,Chong Hyun Lee 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

We present all printed non-volatile resistive switches based on zinc stannate (ZnSnO3) for the memory applications. The device is fabricated on a flexible poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) substrate through electrohydrodynamic (EHD) technique, where active layer of ZnSnO3 (~130 nm) is deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated PET and a 100 mm silver line is deposited with thickness of 350 nm and length of 2 mm as a top electrode. The device exhibits resistive switching behavior at dual polarity voltage ±8 V. The measured value of high resistance state (HRS) and low resistance state (LRS) are 250 MU and 7.6 MU respectively. Nine (9) memristors are fabricated on a single substrate and their variability from device to device is measured to be 1 MU and 48 MU for LRS and HRS respectively. Furthermore, the device showed bendability down to 8 mm diameter and ON/OFF endurance for more than 200 cycles. Mechanical and surface morphology characterizations are carried out by using mechanical stress machine and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM).

New Soft Rough Set Approximations

Shawkat Alkhazaleh,Emad A. Marei 한국지능시스템학회 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.21 No.2

The soft rough set model was introduced by Fing in 2011 and can be considered as a generalized rough set model, in which an interesting connection was established between two mathematical approaches to vagueness: rough sets and soft sets. It was also shown that Pawlak’s rough set model can be viewed as a special case of soft rough sets. There are two problems with this model in using this concept in real-life applications. The first problem is that some soft rough sets are not contained in their upper approximations, which contradicts Pawlak’s thoughts. The second problem is that the boundary region of any considered set, in the soft rough set model, must be decreased to make it possible to take a true decision of any application problem. In this study, the soft rough set model is modified to solve these problems. The basic properties of the modified approximations are introduced and supported with propositions and illustrative examples. Modified concepts can be viewed as a general mathematical model for qualitative and quantitative real-life problems. A comparison between the suggested approach to soft rough sets and the traditional soft rough set model is provided.

Synthesis, Reactions and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Amino-4-(8-quinolinol-5-yl)-1-(p-tolyl)-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile

Shawkat A. Abdel-Mohsen 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.5

A novel 2-amino-4-(8-quinolinol-5-yl)-1- (p-tolyl)-pyrrole-3-cabonitrile (2) was obtained by the reaction of 2-[2-bromo-1-(8-hydroxyquinolin-5-yl)-ethylidene]-malononitrile (1) with p-toluidene. The new synthon compound (2) could be annelated to the corresponding pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (4, 6, 7, 26-28), triazolo[1,5-c]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyrimidines (10, 29, 30), pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrazoles (11-15), pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[3,2-e] pyrimidine (17) and imidazo[1,2-c]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyrimidines (18-25) via the reaction with some reagents such as acetic anhydride, formamide, triethyl orthoformate, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine, ethylenediamine, carbon disulfide and phosphorus oxychloride. Chemical and spectroscopic evidences for the structures of these compounds are presented. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of the newly synthesized comounds were evaluated.

Effective Fuzzy Soft Expert Set Theory and Its Applications

Shawkat Alkhazaleh,Emadeddin Beshtawi 한국지능시스템학회 2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.23 No.2

In 2022, Alkhazaleh introduced the concept of the effective fuzzy soft set (EFSS) as a newmathematical tool to address uncertain problems in decision-making and medical diagnosis. The virtue of this concept is its adaptability to deal with uncertain problems involving externaleffects. However, some uncertain decision-making problems, especially those with externaleffects, must be judged by several experts. To this end, this paper extends the concept ofEFSS to the concept of an effective fuzzy soft expert set (EFSES). In particular, we provide abasic definition of EFSES and study its basic operations of complement, union, intersection,AND, and OR. We also present some of its properties. Finally, we present a new algorithm forsolving decision-making problems.

Two-Dimensional/Three-Dimensional Schottky Junction Photovoltaic Devices Realized by the Direct CVD Growth of vdW 2D PtSe₂ Layers on Silicon

Shawkat, Mashiyat Sumaiya,Chung, Hee-Suk,Dev, Durjoy,Das, Sonali,Roy, Tania,Jung, Yeonwoong American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.30

<P>Two-dimensional (2D) platinum diselenide (PtSe<SUB>2</SUB>) layers are a new class of near-atom-thick 2D crystals in a van der Waals-assembled structure similar to previously explored many other 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs). They exhibit distinct advantages over conventional 2D TMDs for electronics and optoelectronics applications such as metallic-to-semiconducting transition, decently high carrier mobility, and low growth temperature. Despite such superiority, much of their electrical properties have remained mostly unexplored, leaving their full technological potential far from being realized. Herein, we report 2D/three-dimensional Schottky junction devices based on vertically aligned metallic 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers integrated on Si wafers. We directly grew 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers of controlled orientation and carrier transport characteristics via a low-temperature chemical vapor deposition process and investigated 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB>/Si Schottky junction properties. We unveiled a comprehensive set of material parameters, which decisively confirm the presence of excellent Schottky junctions, i.e., high-current rectification, small ideality factor, and temperature-dependent variation of Schottky barrier heights. Moreover, we observed strong photovoltaic effects in the 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB>/Si Schottky junction devices and extended them to realize flexible photovoltaic devices. This study is believed to significantly broaden the versatility of 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers in practical and futuristic electronic devices.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

All-printed humidity sensor based on graphene/methyl-red composite with high sensitivity

Ali, Shawkat,Hassan, Arshad,Hassan, Gul,Bae, Jinho,Lee, Chong Hyun Elsevier 2016 Carbon Vol.105 No.-

<P>To monitor the most common constituted H2O in the air for health and environment applications, we propose a highly sensitive humidity sensor consisted of silver inter-digital electrodes and graphene (G)/methyl-red (M-R) composite layer. Dimension of the proposed silver inter-digital electrodes is 200 mm finger width, 400 mm spacing, and 400 nm thickness, which is fabricated on a low cost transparent polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) substrate through commercialized Dimatix material inkjet printer (DMP-3000). To achieve a high sensitivity and wide sensing range, the composite thin film layer is deposited over the silver inter-digital electrodes through electrohydrodynamic (EHD), and its thickness is similar to 300 nm. The sensor electrical resistance inversely varies from 11 MU to 0.4 MU against the relative humidity (RH) content from 5% to 95%. The proposed humidity sensor showed 96.36% resistive and 2869500% capacitive sensitivity against humidity. The response and recovery time of the proposed sensor is 0.251s and 0.35s, respectively. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Stretchable photo sensor using perylene/graphene composite on ridged polydimethylsiloxane substrate

Ali, Shawkat,Bae, Jinho,Lee, Chong Hyun The Optical Society 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.24

The Carbon Sequestration Potential of Forestry Sector: Bangladesh Context

Md. Shawkat Islam Sohel,Md. Parvez Rana,Mahbubul Alam,Sayma Akhter,Mohammed Alamgir 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2009 Journal of Forest Science Vol.25 No.3

Forests potentially contribute to global climate change through their influence on the global carbon (C) cycle. The Kyoto Protocol provides for the involvement of developing countries in an atmospheric greenhouse gas reduction regime under its Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Carbon credits are gained from reforestation and afforestation activities in developing countries. Bangladesh, a densely populated tropical country in South Asia, has a huge degraded forestland, which can be reforested by CDM projects. To realize the potential of the forestry sector in developing countries like Bangladesh for full-scale emission mitigation, the carbon sequestration potential should be integrated with the carbon trading system under the CDM of the Kyoto Protocol. This paper discusses the prospects of carbon trading in Bangladesh, in relation to the CDM, in the context of global warming.

Flexible frequency selective passive circuits based on memristor and capacitor

Ali, Shawkat,Hassan, Arshad,Hassan, Gul,Bae, Jinho,Lee, Chong Hyun Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2017 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.2017 No.51