Prevention of Adjacent Segmental Disease after Fusion in Degenerative Spinal Disorder: Correlation between Segmental Lumbar Lordosis Ratio and Pelvic Incidence–Lumbar Lordosis Mismatch for a Minimum 5-Year Follow-up

Whoan Jeang Kim,Chang Hyun Ma,Sang Ha Kim,Yeon Seung Min,Jae Won Lee,Shann Haw Chang,Kyung Hoon Park,Kun Young Park,Dae Gun Song,Won Sik Choy 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: Associations among risk factors related to adjacent segmental disease (ASD) remain unclear. We evaluated the risk factors and segmental lordosis ratio to prevent ASD developing after lumbar spinal fusion. Overview of Literature: Risk factors related to ASD development are age, sex, obesity, pre-existing degeneration, number of fusion segments, and decreased postoperative lumbar lordosis (LL). However, the associations among these factors are still unclear and should be clearly identified. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on 274 patients who underwent lumbar spinal fusion of three segments or below for lumbar degenerative disease from January 2010 to December 2012, with over 5 years of follow-up. Patients with preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA) >5 cm were excluded due to sagittal imbalance. A total of 37 patients with ASD and 40 control patients (CTRL) were randomly selected in a similar distribution of matching variables: age, sex, and preoperative degenerative changes. Sex, age, number of fusion segments, radiologic measurements, L4–5–S1/L1–S1 LL ratio, and spinopelvic parameters (pelvic incidence [PI], pelvic tilt [PT], sacral slope [SS], and SVA) were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between PI–LL mismatch and L4–5–S1 segmental lordosis rate. Results: No significant difference was found between ASDs and CTRL groups regarding age, sex, number of fusion segments, fusion method, and preoperative and postoperative spinopelvic parameters (PI, SS, PT, and LL). However, regarding the L4–5–S1/L1–S1 lordosis ratio, 50% (p=0.045), 60% (p=0.031), 70% (p=0.042), 80% (p=0.023), and 90% (p=0.023) were statistically significant; <20% (p=0.478), 30% (p=0.223), and 40% (p=0.089) were not statistically significant. In the postoperative PI–LL <10 group, ASD occurred less frequently than in the PI–LL >10 group, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.048). Conclusions: Patients with a postoperative L4–5–S1/L1–S1 lordosis ratio >50% had less occurrence of ASD. Correcting LL according to PI and physiologic segmental lordosis ratio is important in preventing ASD.

Precautions for Combined Anterior and Posterior Long-Level Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity: Perioperative Surgical Complications Related to the Anterior Procedure (Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion)

Whoan Jeang Kim,Jae Won Lee,Su Min Kim,Kun Young Park,Shann Haw Chang,Dae Geon Song,Won Sik Choy 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective, single-center study. Purpose: We aimed to determine the perioperative complications of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) as a first-stage procedure in combined anterior and posterior operation for adult spinal deformity (ASD) along with sagittal imbalance. Specifically, we aimed to identify the radiological and clinical types of perioperative surgical complications and the factors affecting these complications. Overview of Literature: OLIF has recently gained popularity, and there are several reports of good outcomes and only a few of complications with OLIF; however, a few studies have focused on the perioperative surgical complications of ASD along with sagittal imbalance. Methods: The perioperative period was a 1-week interval between the anterior and posterior procedures. All patients underwent simple radiography and magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively and postoperatively. Cage placement was evaluated for displacement (i.e., subsidence and migration) and vertebral body fracture. Clinical patient complaints were evaluated perioperatively. Student t-test was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 46 patients were included, totaling 138 fusion segments. A week after OLIF, 14 patients/33 segments (30.4%/23.9%) demonstrated endplate injury-associated cage placement change. Subsidence was the most common cage placement-related complication. As compared with patients without endplate injury, those with endplate injuries showed significantly larger correction angles and a higher proportion of them had larger height cages than the disk height in the full-extension lateral view. Although 32.6% of the patients experienced perioperative clinical complications, they were relatively minor and transient. The most common complication was severe postoperative pain (Visual Analog Scale score of >7), and hip flexor weakness spontaneously resolved within 1 week. Conclusions: OLIF yielded more than expected endplate injuries from treatment modalities for ASD along with sagittal imbalance. Therefore, surgeons should be cautious about endplate injury during OLIF procedures. It is difficult to accomplish lordosis correction via OLIF alone; therefore, surgeons should not attempt this impractical correction goal and insert an immoderate cage.

퇴행성 요추 질환에서 발생한 후관절 근접 낭종의 방사선적 특징 및 수술의 결과

김환정(Whoan Jeang Kim),장선호(Shann Haw Chang),양화열(Hwa Yeol Yang),권원조(Won Jo Kwon),성환일(Hwan Il Sung),박경훈(Kyung Hoon Park),최원식(Won Sik Choy) 대한정형외과학회 2017 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.52 No.1

목적: 후관절 근접 낭종이 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환으로 수술 받은 23명의 환자를 대상으로 방사선적 특징과 임상적 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 23명의 환자를 대상으로 척추관 협착증 동반 여부, 불안정성, 척추 전방 전위증 동반 여부, 낭종의 위치 및 방향, 후관절의 퇴행성 변화 정도, 후관절 각도, 추간판 퇴행 정도를 확인하였다. 모든 환자에게 광범위 감압술 및 기기고정 유합술을 시행하였다. 임상적 결과를 Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire 및 visual analogue scale을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 23예 중 19예(82.6%)에서 척추관 협착증이 동반되었고, 4예(17.4%)에서는 후관절 낭종이 독립적으로 존재하였다. 이 중 7예(30.4%)에서 불안정성과 전방 전위가 동반되었다. 낭종의 발생은 제4-5 요추간(69.6%)이 가장 많았으며 이환된 병변측의 후관절이 반대측에 비하여 심한 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 후관절 각도는 좌 우측에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 해당 분절의 추간판은 17예(69.6%)에서 퇴행성 변화를 보였다. 임상적 결과는 수술 후 2년 추시 양호하였다. 결론: 낭종의 발생과 퇴행성 변화는 유의한 상관관계가 있었으며 후관절 낭종과 동반된 퇴행성 요추부 질환에서 광범위 감압술 및 유합술이 좋은 임상적 결과을 얻어 유용한 술식으로 생각된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic features of juxtafacet cyst and determine the correlation between these features and clinical outcome. Materials and Methods: We analyzed a total of 23 patients. The degree of facet joint degeneration was classified using the Fujiwara method. The facet joint angles were measured with an magnetic resonance imaging to determine whether there was a difference between the cystic lesion that was occupied and the cystic lesion that was not occupied. Disc degeneration was measured by the Pfirrmann classification method. The clinical result was evaluated using the Oswestry disability index score and visual analogue scale. Results: The L4–5 level of juxtafacet cyst was mostly affected, as found in previous studies. Facet joint arthritis was more severe within the side with the cystic lesion. Significant correlation was found between disc degeneration and juxtafacet joint cyst. All patients underwent wide decompression and fusion. Clinical result was excellent. No patients had signs of recurrence during the follow-up periods. Conclusion: Juxtafacet cyst has a significant correlation with facet joint degeneration. Therefore, aggressive surgical treatment-not just simple cyst excision-should be considered as the treatment option for juxtafacet cyst associated with degenerative lumbar disease.

Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity with Sagittal Imbalance Using Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Can We Predict How Much Lordosis Correction Is Possible?

Whoan Jeang Kim,Jae Won Lee,Kun Young Park,Shann Haw Chang,Dae Geon Song,Won Sik Choy 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.6

Study Design: Prospective, single-center study. Purpose: The current trend of operative treatment for adult spinal deformity (ASD) is combined anterior-posterior staged surgery. When anterior surgery was first performed, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) was employed; this method became increasing popular. This study aimed to determine the lordosis correction that can be achieved using OLIF and assess whether we can preoperatively predict the lordosis correction angle achieved using OLIF. Overview of Literature: Many previous studies on OLIF have shown improved clinical and radiologic outcomes. With the increase in the popularity of OLIF, several surgeons have started using larger cages to attain greater lordosis correction. Moreover, some studies have reported complications of OLIF because of immoderate cage insertion. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study that attempted to determine whether it is possible to predict the lordosis correction angle achieved with OLIF preoperatively, using full-extension lateral view (FELV). Methods: Forty-six patients with ASD were enrolled. All the operations were performed by a single surgeon in two stages (first, anterior and second, posterior) with a 1-week interval. Radiological evaluation was performed by comparing the Cobb’s angle of the segmental and regional lordosis obtained using preoperative and postoperative simple radiography (including the FELV) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Regional lordosis (L1–S1) in the whole-spine standing lateral radiograph was −3.03°; however, in the supine lateral MRI, it was 20.92°. The regional lordosis of whole-spine standing lateral and supine lateral (MRI) was significantly different. In the FELV, regional lordosis was 25.72° and that in the postoperative supine lateral (MRI) was 25.02°; these values were not significantly different. Conclusions: Although OLIF offers many advantages, it alone plays a limited role in ASD treatment. Lordosis correction using OLIF as well as lordosis determined in the FELV was possible. Hence, our results suggest that FELV can help predict the lordosis correction angle preoperatively and thus aid the selection of the appropriate technique in the second staged operation.

Treatment of Tumours and Tumour-like Lesions in the Foot and Ankle : A Single Institution Analysis

Kap Jung Kim,Sang Ki Lee,Yong Joo Chi,Shann Haw Chang,Dae Geon Song,Hyun Jong Park 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.6 No.1

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Primary and Revision Surgery Using a Combined Anterior and Posterior Approach in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity and Sagittal Imbalance

Whoan Jeang Kim,Hyun Min Shin,Dae Geon Song,Jae Won Lee,Kun Young Park,Shann Haw Chang,Jin Hyun Bae,Won Sik Choy 대한정형외과학회 2021 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.13 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and complications of primary and revision surgery in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) accompanied by sagittal imbalance. Revision surgery has been associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased risk of complications. Previous studies comparing primary versus revision surgery included data for a wide variety of diseases and ages, but few investigated patients with ASD with sagittal imbalance undergoing anterior and posterior combined surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data. We identified 60 consecutive patients with ASD combined with sagittal imbalance who underwent primary or revision surgery; of these, 6 patients were excluded for lack of a minimal 2-year follow-up. Patients’ surgical and radiological data, clinical outcomes, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were 30 patients in the primary group and 24 patients in the revision group. Patient characteristics, including the prevalence of sarcopenia, were similar between the two groups. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy was performed more frequently in the revision group although there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The primary group had more proximal junctional problems, whereas the revision group had more rod breakage (p < 0.05). There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes in both groups when the preoperative and 2-year postoperative values were compared. The Oswestry disability index and visual analog scale score were similar in both groups 2 years postoperatively. Conclusions: Considering the greater pain and disability at the time of the revision procedure, revision patients benefited more from surgery at the 2-year follow-up than the primary surgery patients. Complication rates were similar between the groups except for proximal junctional problems and rod breakage. Therefore, revision surgery should not be avoided in the treatment of ASD patients with sagittal imbalance.

Sarcopenia and Back Muscle Degeneration as Risk Factors for Back Pain: A Comparative Study

김환정,김갑중,Song Dae Geon,Lee Jong Shin,Park Kun Young,Lee Jae Won,Chang Shann Haw,최원식 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.3

Study Design: Case-control study.Purpose: To investigate the independent associations of back pain with sarcopenia and with back muscle degeneration, and to introduce a new risk index for back muscle degeneration.Overview of Literature: The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia recommends diagnosis using handgrip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle mass. However, these criteria do not strongly reflect back muscle degeneration.Methods: Patients who completed a questionnaire on back-pain between October 2016 and October 2017 were enrolled in this study. Appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) index, fatty infiltration (FI) rate of the paraspinal muscles, and lumbar extensor strength index (LESI) were measured and compared between no back-pain and back-pain group. Correlations between LESI and ASMI, CSA index, and FI rate were analyzed. The back-pain group was further divided according to ASMI into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia subgroups and by our newly developed back muscle degeneration risk index based on correlation coefficients between LESI and CSA index, FI rate. Differences in ASMI, CSA index, FI rate, LESI, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score between subgroups were analyzed.Results: The ASMI, CSA index, FI rate, and LESI differed significantly between back-pain and pain-free groups. The LESI demonstrated the strongest correlation with FI rate. There were no significant differences in VAS score and back muscle degeneration index in the back-pain group when divided according to the presence of sarcopenia. However, there was a significant difference in VAS score between back-pain patients when classified according to high and low back muscle degeneration risk index.Conclusions: We suggest that the degree of back pain is more strongly associated with back muscle degeneration than with sarcopenia. This back muscle degeneration risk index, reflecting both back muscle morphology and function, could be a useful parameter for evaluation of back pain and muscle degeneration.