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Prediction of Perineural Invasion and Its Prognostic Value in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Lee, Jun Taik,Lee, Seungsoo,Yun, Chang Jin,Jeon, Byung Joo,Kim, Jung Man,Ha, Hong Koo,Lee, Wan,Chung, Moon Kee The Korean Urological Association 2010 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.51 No.11
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The prognostic significance of perineural invasion by prostate cancer is debated. We investigated the association between perineural invasion and clinicopathological factors and the effect of perineural invasion on survival in patients with prostate cancer.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>A total of 361 patients with prostate cancer without any neoadjuvant therapies prior to surgery from 1999 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Whole-mount sections of surgical specimens from all patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were evaluated. Positive perineural invasion was defined as infiltration of cancer cells in the perineurium or neural fascicles. The relationship of perineural invasion with clinicopathological features and prognosis of prostate cancer was studied. We also researched preoperative factors that were associated with perineural invasion.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Perineural invasion in a prostatectomy specimen (PNIp) was positive in 188 of 361 patients (52.1%). In the multivariate analysis of the preoperative variables, PNIp was related to the primary Gleason grade (p=0.020), the number of positive cores (p=0.008), and the percentage of tumor cells in positive cores (p=0.021), but not to perineural invasion of a prostate biopsy. In the evaluation between PNIp and pathologic findings of the prostatectomy specimen, PNIp was related to the Gleason score (p=0.010), T-stage (p=0.015), and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.019). However, by multivariate analysis, the PNIp was not an independent prognostic factor of biochemical serum recurrence (p=0.364) or cancer-specific survival (p=0.726).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>PNIp was significantly related to biologically aggressive tumor patterns but was not a prognostic factor for biochemical serum PSA recurrence or cancer-specific survival in patients with prostate cancer.</P>
Lee, Seokjae,Koo, Jaryong,Hyung, Gunwoo,Lim, Donghwan,Lee, Donghyung,Lee, Kumhee,Yoon, Seungsoo,Kim, Wooyoung,Kim, Youngkwan Springer 2012 Nanoscale research letters Vol.7 No.1
<P>We investigate multiple quantum well [MQW] structures with charge control layers [CCLs] to produce highly efficient blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes [PHOLEDs]. Four types of devices from one to four quantum wells are fabricated following the number of CCLs which are mixed p- and n-type materials, maintaining the thickness of the emitting layer [EML]. Remarkably, such PHOLED with an optimized triplet MQW structure achieves maximum luminous and external quantum efficiency values of 19.95 cd/A and 10.05%, respectively. We attribute this improvement to the efficient triplet exciton confinement effect and the suppression of triplet-triplet annihilation which occurs within each EML. It also shows a reduction in the turn-on voltage from 3.5 V (reference device) to 2.5 V by the bipolar property of the CCLs.</P>
Effect of flexibility on flapping wing characteristics in hover and forward flight
Lee, Namhun,Lee, Seungsoo,Cho, Haeseong,Shin, SangJoon Elsevier 2018 Computers & fluids Vol.173 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Wing flexibility affects the flight performance of flapping-wing micro air vehicles. In this paper, we present a computational approach for the aeroelastic analysis of realistic insect-like flexible flapping wings with hovering and forward-flight modes. A three-dimensional preconditioned Navier–Stokes solver is used with a deforming mesh technique for the aerodynamic analysis of a flapping wing. For the structural analysis, co-rotational (CR) finite elements and CR shell elements are used. As seen from the numerical analysis, wing flexibility leads to thrust increments with the increasing flapping frequency. The advance ratio, however, is the cause of the thrust decrease for flexible flapping wings with high flapping-frequency motions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A aeroelastic analysis of a realistic insect-like flexible flapping wing with hovering and forward-flight modes is presented. </LI> <LI> A three-dimensional preconditioned Navier-Stokes solver and a structural solver with co-rotational (CR) finite elements and CR shell elements are used for the aeroelastic analysis. </LI> <LI> The thrust and lift forces of the flexible wing increase as the flapping frequency increases, but they decrease as the advance ratio increases. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee Seungsoo,Oh Young Taik,Kim Hye Min,Jung Dae Chul,Hong Hyesuk 대한영상의학회 2022 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.23 No.1
Objective: To categorize multiparametric MRI features of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG)-related granulomatous prostatitis (GP) and discover potential manifestations for its differential diagnosis from prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: The cases of BCG-related GP in 24 male (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.0 ± 9.4 years; range, 50–88 years) pathologically confirmed between January 2011 and April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent intravesical BCG therapy followed by a MRI scan. Additional follow-up MRI scans, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), were performed in 19 patients. The BCG-related GP cases were categorized into three: A, B, or C. The lesions with diffusion restriction and homogeneous enhancement were classified as type A. The lesions with diffusion restriction and a poorly enhancing component were classified as type B. A low signal intensity on high b-value DWI (b = 1000 s/mm2) was considered characteristic of type C. Two radiologists independently interpreted the MRI scans before making a consensus about the types. Results: The median lesion size was 22 mm with the interquartile range (IQR) of 18–26 mm as measured using the initial MRI scans. The lesion types were A, B, and C in 7, 15, and 2 patients, respectively. Cohen’s kappa value for the inter-reader agreement for the interpretation of the lesion types was 0.837. On the last follow-up MRI scans of 19 patients, the size decreased (median, 5.8 mm; IQR, 3.4–8.5 mm), and the type changed from A or B to C in 11 patients. The lesions resolved in four patients. In five patients who underwent prostatectomy, caseous necrosis on histopathology matched with the non-enhancing components of type B lesions and the entire type C lesions. Conclusion: BCG-related GP demonstrated three imaging patterns on multiparametric MRI. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging and DWI may play a role in its differential diagnosis from prostate cancer.
ANYSEP: A Program Package for Store Separation Analysis
Seungsoo Lee,Keeyoung Choi,Jin Yeon Cho,Sangho Kim,Jaesoo Hyun,Namgyun Kim,Jong Kook Lee 한국항공우주학회 2008 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.9 No.2
A program package for store separation analysis, SAFESEP, has been developed. The package includes CTS system software, 3-Dimensional visualization software, off-line store trajectory software and aerodynamic database software. In this paper, we describe the functions and the capabilities of the store separation analysis program package.
Analysis of climate change impact on flow duration characteristics in the Mekong River
Lee Daeeop,Lee Giha,Song Bonggeun,Lee Seungsoo 한국수자원학회 2019 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.52 No.1
본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 메콩강 유출변화 분석을 목적으로 하고 있다. HadGEM3-RA로 부터 생산된 동아시아 지역 RCP 4.5 및 8.5 시나 리오의 일 자료를 기반으로 편의보정을 통해 미래 기후변화 시나리오를 구축한 후, SWAT 모형을 이용하여 메콩강 주요지점인 Kratie(유역면적: 646,000 km2, 메콩강의 연평균 유량의 88%)에서의 유출변화 모의하고 유황분석을 수행하였다. 기후변화 분석 결과 Kratie 유역의 미래 강수량은 기준 년 연평균 강수량 대비 미래 년 기간의 연평균 강수량은 두 시나리오 모두 증가하는 것으로 분석되었으며 월별 강수량 변화 분석을 통해 6 월∼11월에 강수량의 증가가 비교적 크게 나타나며 특히 RCP 8.5 시나리오에서 강수량의 변동 폭 및 증가량이 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 시나리 오별 월평균 최대 및 최소기온의 변화는 두 시나리오 모두 미래 기온의 상승을 전망하고 있으며 특히 RCP 8.5 시나리오의 온도증가 폭이 크게 나타 나는 것을 확인 하였다. 또한 하천유황변화 분석결과 유역의 유량변동성이 더욱 커질 것으로 분석되었으며 저수계수 값이 52∼57% 감소하고 갈 수계수 값이 67∼74% 감소하는 것으로 나타나 하천의 갈수상황이 지속되어 미래에 가뭄이 보다 심화될 것으로 분석되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the Mekong River streamflow alteration due to climate change. The future climate change scenarios were produced by bias corrections of the data from East Asia RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios, given by HadGEM3-RA. Then, SWAT model was used for discharge simulation of the Kratie, the main point of the Mekong River (watershed area: 646,000 km2 , 88% of the annual average flow rate of the Mekong River). As a result of the climate change analysis, the annual precipitation of the Kratie upper-watershed increase in both scenarios compared to the baseline yearly average precipitation. The monthly precipitation increase is relatively large from June to November. In particular, precipitation fluctuated greatly in the RCP 8.5 rather than RCP 4.5. Monthly average maximum and minimum temperature are predicted to be increased in both scenarios. As well as precipitation, the temperature increase in RCP 8.5 scenarios was found to be more significant than RCP 4.5. In addition, as a result of the duration curve comparison, the streamflow variation will become larger in low and high flow rate and the drought will be further intensified in the future.