미용사의 요통 경험에 영향을 미치는 요인

백승룡,남철현,배성욱,김성우,권현숙,이정옥,전연숙 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze and grasp the actual lumbaginous condition and relevant factors of 1,182 beauty artists of beauty shops in 5 metropolitan cities, small-to-medium cities, and fishing or agrarian villages for 3 months from June 20 to September 25, 2000 through questionnaires. 1) They showed 61.0 percents in her twenties, 66.4 percents of unmarried women from all the female objects, 70 percents in high school graduates as educational background, 52.4 percents in metropolitan city as service place, 25.4 percents in smoking rate, 71.6 percents in drinking rate, 48.1 percents in general bed as condition of bedroom, 17.9 percents in exercising rate, 53.6 percents in 'little eating', 39.6 percents in two or three centimeters of heel, and 89.5 percents in hair as beauty-related professional field. 2) The rate of lumgaginous experience of beauty artists was 83.5 percents. They showed higher rate of 91 percents in the thirties and forties, 92 percents of the married, 93.9 percents in junior college graduates, 97.2 percents in higher economic classes, 88.7 percents in smokers, 85 percents in general bed, 89.3 percents in sleeping on one's face, 85 percents in swimming, 92 percents in stretch, 86.7 percents in 56 to 60 kilograms of weight, 89.7 percents in group O blood, 90.5 percents in experienced women of abortion, 97 percents in heel over 8 centimeters, 58.3 percents in 'feel much fatigue', 93.6 percents in inconvenient chair of beauty shop, and 89.4 percents in a lack of recess than other group. 3) The more women who have been experienced in lumbago, the higher their social treatment(p<0.01), income(p<0.001), working time(p<0.05), job potentiality(p<0.05), inner affinity(p<0.05), and job satisfaction of environment(p<0.001) were. Women who suffered much stress related to job environment(p<0.001), client(p<0.01), and their duty(p<0.01) showed high rate of lumbaginous experience. 4) In degree of lumbago by characteristic, there was the significant difference in age over 50-years-old, unmarried women, college graduates, service of small-medium cities, higher economic classes, smokers or drinkers, hot-floored room, sleeping with ransack, stretch or swimming, group A blood, fat body, experience of abortion, 6 to 7 centimeters of heel, convenient chair of beauty shop, insufficient recess, lumbago continued for one to the three months in comparison of other group. 5) There were variables of posture such as to place materials under one foot(p<0.001), to lay arm on armrest and desk(p<0.001), to pull materials near body while lifting them (p<0.05), to sometimes use anodyne(p<0.01), not to lift also light materials(p<0.001), to be inconvenient in sleeping(p<0.001), to be absent at job for two or three days(p<0.01). The degree of depression(p<0.001), had the significant effect on the degree of lumbago(32.7%). The results are as follows : Beauty artists have faced upon dangerous job environment to cause lumbago. The more the industrial society will be developed, the more their burden of service will be increased. In addition, the occupational stress and posture of beauty artists who showed high job satisfaction and high economical level became major factors which have had an effect on their lumbago. In conclusion, it is desirable for beauty-related organizations and professionals to positively develop program of health education with much concern as well as to lessen stress of beauty artists through education of job posture and rightful life in order to prevent lumbago of those beaut.

부정교합이 성인 여자대학생의 자존감에 미치는 영향

정민호,허욱,백승학 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of malocclusion on the self-esteem of female university students. Methods: The subjects were composed of 67 female university students who showed Class I molar relation, no missing or supernumerary teeth and has had no orthodontic treatment experience. Each subject was evaluated with Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale to measure the level of self-esteem and also evaluated the degree of anterior crowding and lip protrusion through model analysis and cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis. Results: The results showed that a protrusive profile and crowding of upper anterior teeth had significant reducing effects on the level of self-esteem. The protrusion and crowding groups showed no significant differences in self-esteem between groups. Conclusions: Malocclusion had significant negative effects on the self-esteem of female university students. Further research to investigate the negative psychological influence of malocclusion and the education of lay people about this influence is necessary. 본 연구의 목적은 성장이 끝난 성인 여대생들에 있어 가장 흔한 부정교합의 하나인 전치부의 crowding과 입술주위 돌출감이 자존감(self-esteem)에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구를 위하여 대학에 재학중인 여자대학생 67명을 대상으로 구강검진과 두부계측방사선 사진촬영, 모형계측을 실시하여 상악전치부의 치아배열과 입술의 돌출도를 평가하였다. 또한 Rosenberg의 자존감 평가 설문조사문항을 이용하여 이들의 자존감을 평가한 후 전치부의 치아배열, 입술주위 돌출도와 자존감 간에 어떠한 관계가 있는지 통계처리 하였다. 실험결과, 입술의 돌출을 가졌거나 전치부의 치아배열이 고르지 못한 학생들은 치아배열이 고르고 돌출되지 않은 안모를 가진 학생들에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 자존감을 보여주었다. 부정교합이 심리적으로 미치는 부정적 영향력에 관하여 더욱 체계적인 연구와 교육, 홍보가 필요하다고 생각한다.

THE EMERGING CAPITALIST SPIRIT OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISES IN CHINA : CAPITALISM WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS

Baek, Seung Wook 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2000 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.24 No.3

Effects of Surface Radiation on the Unsteady Natural Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure

Seung-Wook Baek,Taig-Young Kim 한국항공우주학회 2002 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.3 No.1

Structure–Properties Relations in Friction Stir Spot Welded Low Carbon Steel Sheets for Light Weight Automobile Body

Baek, Seung-Wook,Choi, Don-Hyun,Lee, Chang-Yong,Ahn, Byung-Wook,Yeon, Yun-Mo,Song, Keun,Jung, Seung-Boo The Japan Institute of Metals 2010 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.51 No.2

<P>Low carbon steel plates were joined by friction stir spot welding (FSSW) with lap configuration. The tool penetration depth exerted a strong effect on the failure mode of the joined samples and a weak effect on the joint shear strength. With increasing tool penetration depth, and consequently with increasing depth of the tool shoulder pressing into the top sample, the failure mode in a lap-shear test changed from brittle to ductile and concentrated near the pinhole located away from the weld towards the base metal. No mechanically mixed layer was formed between the top and bottom plates at the weld nugget due to the limited tool penetration and the fact that the pin height of the welding tool was less than the steel plate thickness. The region under the pin exhibited a fully recrystallized microstructure, with grain growth and a different texture.</P>

Korean National Pension Fund on the Front Line of Commodification

Seung-Wook Baek,Seung-Man Kim 한국사회학회 2018 한국사회학회 심포지움 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Effects of Surface Radiation on the Unsteady Natural Convection in a Rectangular Enclosure

Baek, Seung-Wook,Kim, Taig-Young The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2002 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.3 No.1

Numerical solution of the full Navier-Stokes equation as well as the energy equation has been obtained for the unsteady natural convection in a rectangular enclosure. One side wall was maintained at very high temperature simulating fires. Especially the effect of surface radiation was taken into account. While the enclosed air was assumed to be transparent, the internal walls directly interacted one another through the surface radiation. Due to a significant temperature difference in the flow field, the equation of state was used instead of the Boussinesq approximation. It was found that the rapid heating of the adiabatic ceiling and floor by the incoming radiation from the hot wall made the evolution at thermo-fluid field highly unstable in the initial period. Therefore, the secondary cells brought about at the floor region greatly affected the heat transfer mechanism inside the enclosure. The heat transfer rate was augmented by the radiation, resulting in requiring less time for the flow to reach the steady state. At the steady state neglecting radiation two internal hydraulic jumps were clearly observed in upper/left as well as in lower/right comer. However, the hydraulic jump in the lower/right comer could not be observed for the case including radiation due to its high momentum flow over the bottom wall. Radiation resulted in a faster establishment of the steady state phenomena.

The energy-down-shift effect of Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S–ZnS core–shell quantum dots on power-conversion-efficiency enhancement in silicon solar cells

Baek, Seung-Wook,Shim, Jae-Hyoung,Park, Jea-Gun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.34

<P>We found that Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core (4.2 nm in diameter)–shell (1.2 nm in thickness) quantum dots (QDs) demonstrated a typical energy-down-shift (2.76–4.96 → 2.81 eV), which absorb ultra-violet (UV) light (250–450 nm in wavelength) and emit blue visible light (∼442 nm in wavelength). They showed the quantum yield of ∼80% and their coating on the SiN<SUB>X</SUB> film textured p-type silicon solar-cells enhanced the external-quantum-efficiency (EQE) of ∼30% at 300–450 nm in wavelength, thereby enhancing the short-circuit-current-density (<I>J</I><SUB>SC</SUB>) of ∼2.23 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and the power-conversion-efficiency (PCE) of ∼1.08% (relatively ∼6.04% increase compared with the reference without QDs for p-type silicon solar-cells). In particular, the PCE peaked at a specific coating thickness of the Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core–shell QD layer; <I>i.e.</I>, the 1.08% PCE enhancement at the 8.8 nm thick QD layer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We found that Cd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Zn<SUB>0.5</SUB>S–ZnS core (4.2 nm in diameter)–shell (1.2 nm in thickness) quantum dots (QDs) demonstrated a typical energy-down-shift (2.76–4.96 → 2.81 eV), which absorb ultra-violet (UV) light (250–450 nm in wavelength) and emit blue visible light (∼442 nm in wavelength). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp00794h'> </P>

Effect of core quantum-dot size on power-conversion-efficiency for silicon solar-cells implementing energy-down-shift using CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots.

Baek, Seung-Wook,Shim, Jae-Hyoung,Seung, Hyun-Min,Lee, Gon-Sub,Hong, Jin-Pyo,Lee, Kwang-Sup,Park, Jea-Gun RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.21

<P>Silicon solar cells mainly absorb visible light, although the sun emits ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared light. Because the surface reflectance of a textured surface with SiNX film on a silicon solar cell in the UV wavelength region (250-450 nm) is higher than 27%, silicon solar-cells cannot effectively convert UV light into photo-voltaic power. We implemented the concept of energy-down-shift using CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum-dots (QDs) on p-type silicon solar-cells to absorb more UV light. CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs demonstrated clear evidence of energy-down-shift, which absorbed UV light and emitted green-light photoluminescence signals at a wavelength of 542 nm. The implementation of 0.2 wt% (8.8 nm QDs layer) green-light emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs reduced the surface reflectance of the textured surface with SiNX film on a silicon solar-cell from 27% to 15% and enhanced the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of silicon solar-cells to around 30% in the UV wavelength region, thereby enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for p-type silicon solar-cells by 5.5%.</P>

Investigation of Induction Zone in Dust Detonations

Seung Wook Baek(백승욱) 한국항공우주학회 1985 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-