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The Effect of Liquid Crystalline Phase Formation on Preservation
( Seung-gak Yang ),( Won-jae Park ),( Ok-sub Lee ),( Hyuck-chel Kwon ) 대한화장품학회 1986 대한화장품학회지 Vol.12 No.1
The effect of liquid crystalline phase formation on preservation in ternary and O/W emulsion systems was investigated. Antimicrobial activity of methyl paraben in tested systems was more enhanced with the increasing concentration of fatty alcohols such as myristyl, cetyl, stearyl and cetostearyl alcohol except lauryl alcohol. With the increasing addition of such fatty alcohols, the increasing quantity of free methyl paraben in tested systems was determined by equilibrium dialysis method. The liquid crystal formed in presence of fatty alcohols was observed by a microscope under polarized light. However, liquid crystal could not be observed only in lauryl alcohol. From these results, we could conclude that the formation of liquid crystalline phase affects decrease of the micelle quantity and suppresses inactivation of methyl paraben.
이승엽(Seung Youb Lee),류동현(Dong Heon Ryu),홍준용,염민형(Min Hyeng Yeom),양지훈(Ji Hoon Yang),최원철(Won Chel Choi),권명회(Myeng Hoi Kwon),박종윤(Chong-Yun Park) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.4
본 연구에서는 Ag-Cu합금 코팅에 의한 탄소나노튜브의 전계방출특성 변화를 연구하였다. 화학기상증착 방법을 사용하여 수직 성장시킨 탄소나노튜브에 직류 마그네트론 스퍼터를 이용하여 Ag-Cu합금을 증착하였고, 열처리 전·후의 탄소나노튜브의 표면형상 변화와 전계방출특성에 변화를 연구하였다. 연구결과 Ag-Cu합금 코팅으로 전계방출 문턱전압이 현저히 낮아졌으며 전류밀도는 6 V/㎛의 인가전압 하에서 약 5배 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 또한 Ag-Cu합금이 코팅된 탄소나노튜브는 산소가 많이 포함된 분위기에서도 안정적인 전계방출 특성을 보였으며, 이는 Ag-Cu합금 코팅이 분위기 진공에 상존하는 산소기체가 탄소나노튜브를 공격하는 것을 막아주는 역할을 하여 열악한 분위기에서도 전계방출이 안정적으로 발생하였기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. The field emission properties of CNT-emitters coated with Ag-Cu alloy have been investigated. The vertical aligned multi-walled CNTs were synthesized by dc-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (dc-PECVD) and the Ag-Cu alloy was coated by using dcmagnetron sputter. The morphology of alloy-coated and un-coated CNT-emitters was observed by using SEM and their field emission properties were also measured. Annealing the AgCu-coated CNTs at temperature more than ~700℃, the Ag-Cu alloy was diffused to and aggregated on the top of the CNT as a Q-tip. A significant progress on the field emission was not observed with coating Ag-Cu alloy on the CNTs, but a certain improvement in a resistance against oxygen gas was made confirmation. It seems to be due to inertness of Ag-Cu alloy on the CNTs.
OFDM 신호의 PAPR 감소를 위한 SLM-PRSC 결합 기법
양석철,한승우,신요안,Yang, Suck-Chel,Han, Seung-Woo,Shin, Yo-An 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.6c
In order to improve PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) reduction performance of the conventional SLM (Selective Mapping) for OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signals, we propose an effective SLM-PRSC (PAPR Reduction Sub-Carrier) hybrid scheme. In the proposed scheme, after performing the SLM for the frequency domain OFDM symbol excluding pre-determined PRSC positions, the SLM-PRSC hybrid sequence with the lowest PAPR generated by adding the time domain PRSC sequence to the results of the SLM, is selected as the transmitted OFDM signal. Since the identical PRSC sequences generated a priori are repeatedly used for every OFDM symbol, excessive IFFT (inverse Fast Fourier Transform) calculation is avoided. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the PAPR reduction performance of the conventional SLM, while avoiding excessive increase of IFFT calculation and the overhead for the SLM. 본 논문에서는 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 신호의 PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) 감소를 위한 기존 SLM (SeLective Mapping) 방식의 성능을 개선하는 효과적인 SLM-PRSC 결합 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 지정된 PRSC (PAPR Reduction Sub-Carrier) 위치를 제외한 주파수 영역 OFDM 심벌에 대해 SLM을 수행한 후, 그 결과들을 시간 영역 PRSC 시퀀스들과 결합하여 가장 낮은 PAPR을 갖는 SLM-PRSC 결합 시퀀스를 최종 OFDM 심벌로 결정하게 된다. 특히 매 OFDM 심벌마다 미리 준비된 동일한 시간 영역 PRSC 시퀀스를 이용하게 되어 IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) 연산 횟수의 증가를 방지할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 선택된 주파수 영역 PRSC 심벌은 SLM용 오버헤드로 사용 가능하다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된 SLM-PRSC 결합 기법은 기존의 SLM 방식과 비교하여 과도한 IFFT 연산 횟수의 증가와 별도의 오버헤드가 요구되지 않음에도 불구하고 PAPR 감소 성능을 크게 향상 시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.