Cement 粉碎에 있어서 Ethylamine類 粉碎助劑가 미치는 影響

金昺圭,梁斗錫,金石柱 成均館大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

所要 粉碎動力費를 節減하기 위하여 有機溶媒를 粉碎助劑로 擇하고 液相接觸으로 그 粉碎效果를 向上시키는 硏究는 여러 학자들에 의해 進行되어 왔다. 筆者는 이에 立脚하여 우리나라에서 動力費節減이 要求되는 Cement 製造를 대상으로 하여 Ethylamine 類를 粉碎助劑로 택하고 더욱 接觸確率을 증가시키기 위하여 氣相으로 接觸시켜 Cement 粉碎效果를 硏究하였다. 또한 그 原因으로 추정되는 吸着現象을 아울러 測定하여 粉碎效果와의 관계를 檢討하였더니 粉碎가 시작된 후 0∼6 時間內에서는 각종 첨가물이 거의 없는 상태, 즉 Clinker 單一系의 粉碎現象과 비슷한 粉碎傾向을 보여 주었고, 6∼8時間 사이에서 급격한 吸着能의 증가현상을 보여주었다. 이 때부터 粉碎率이 첨가물질에 의한 特有의 증가현상을 보여주고 이Td서 吸着能이 粉碎率과 깊은 관계가 있음을 알았고, 吸着能이 큰 물질일수록 粉碎效果가 더욱 좋은 結果를 보여주어서 粉碎效果는 吸着能과 吸着量에 比例됨을 認知하였다. 더욱 構造物材料로서의 本質인 物性을 測定하여 이에 따르는 使用許容範圍를 提示하였으며 結果的으로 1. 이들 粉碎助劑의 添加量이 증가하면 粉碎效果도 증가한다. 2. 粉碎效果는 Ethylamine 類가 Ethanol보다 떨어졌고, 沸點이 높은 tri-Ethylamine이 di-Ethylamine 보다 좋았으며, Ethanol>tri-Ethylamine>di-Ethylamine順으로 됨을 알았다. 3. Ethyamine 類의 Cement 粒子에 對한 吸着現象은 Ereundilich 吸着等溫式과 恰似했으며, 어느 범위내에서는 粉碎助劑의 吸着量이 증가함에 따라 粉碎效果가 좋아진다. 4. 粉碎效果가 좋을수록 Cement의 物性을 다소 감소시키고 있으나 構造物의 原資材로 사용하는 경우 그 使用分野에 따라 큰 지장이 없이 사용할 수 있는 것으로 看做된다. Most expenses of production in cement industry are electric power, therefore, many scientists had researched through various ways for saving power cost. Especially, they are an urgent problem, for Korea electric power costs so expensively. As one of the means of saving power, by crushing aid of organics (i.e. primary, secondary alcohol series, fat, or resins), it was attempted to prevent the growth of secondary particles on liquid contacting system. But it was not sufficient on heterogeneous dispersion system. In this experiment, the increasing of crushing effect was investigated in gaseous contacting system and 100℃ of not influencing upon cement products. Then, organic crushing aid were used di-Ethylamine (bp 55.4℃) and tri-Ethylamine (bp 89.7℃) in range of 0.1-0.5wt. % concentration. Thus, saving power and properties of structures depend on factory data. On the standard of compared data, a continuous method in dry crushing was adopted to a practical operation condition. Therefore, it must be analysed by batch method in a possible application because it is better than continuous method. The computation on power should be done by crushing ratio, directly, and it become clear tendency of specific surface mean diameter of particles to be decreased according to hour limit. Also, the increment of crushing effect had been referred to the adsorption phenomena on cement particles by the vapor of organic substance with crushing aid in the experiment of crushing. Then, the adsorption phenomena has researched by Gas-chromatograpy method, because of it's convenience and accuracy. Organic substance had been used as the adsorbate (i.e. di-Ethylamine and tri-Ethylamine). Through the experimental investigation, the following results were obtained: 1. Power saving of the cement crushing system added organic substance is 2.6% better than that of a simple system of clinker crushing. 2. In crushing, the order of effectiveness are Ethanol tri-Ethylamine and di-Ethylamine. i) Ethanol is 20.8%(in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) ii) di-Ethylamine is 13.7% (in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) iii) tri-Ethylamine is 15.4% (in range of 0.4-0.5wt%) 3. The compressible strength of the cement organic substance the order of decrease are Ethanol, tri-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine. ⅰ) Ethanol is 5-6% (decrease) ⅱ) di-Ethylamine is 4.1% (decrease) iii) tri-Ethylamine is 4.3% (decrease) 4. Absorbed amount of the organic solvents is an important factor of cement crushing system; the grinding rates are increased when the amount of grinding aid are increased. 5. The adsorptivity increased in the order of Ethanol, tri-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine, di-Ethylamine. 6. Adsorption phenomena of Ethylamines on cement have been adsorbed to show a tendency similar to the Freundlich's adsorption isotherm equation. 7. After 6 hours of the crushing time when the increase in the crushing efflciency has taken place, the amount of adsorption has rapidly increased, while the amount of adsorption has shown almost negligible increase. 8. Crushing efflciency has been increased with the increasing amount of Ethylamines absorbed on cement i.e, the higher the absorptivity is, the better the crushing efflciency is.

D. H. Lawrence의 이원성

金奭柱 瑞逸專門大學 1993 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

英國行政法의 發展 : Dicey의 行政法否認論에서 福祉國家成立까지

鄭石圭 淸州大學校 1960 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

The background of the political thoght in England of the 19th century was individualism. Administration was satisfied with a negative maintenace of the public peace in and out of the country. Adam Smith's economic lheory of "laissez-faireism," Jhon Locke's advocation for individual rights and sancitity of property rights, and Jeremy Bentham's behaviorism based on the individualistic utilitarianism made contributions to the formation of the 19th century political philosophy. Darwin's theory of the survival of the fittest supplied the foundation for Spenser's political theory that the deformed and the people with congenital disease should not be supported for their existence. In this setting, English public law put its emphasis on freedom of property rights, contracts, and corpora; and the maximization of such freedom being the policy for the national interests and the welfare of the people, it minimized the government interference. The success of the "laissez-faireism" was literally made in a negative aspect of "do nothing." Under this circumstance, such an administrative law as to make adjusting differences between private and public interests its mission and to consider protecting the freedom and right of the people form unjust aggressions of the national authority its aim had no room for its being. It is affirmable that in such political, economical, and social environment, the so called Dicey's theory "There is no administrative law in England." was accepted in England as a sound argument. However, reaching the last half of the 19th century, the maturity of the industrial revolution made England rapidly turn from an agricultural state to a "factory of the world." concentrating the popuation into the cilies and arousing social problems such as housing, disease, smoke, etc. It changed the traditional social relations and systems from the bottom, destroyed the old village life, and brought forth the problem of the factory town. By this, an reformation was inevitable in Parliament itsefl and the middl class not only advanced to the rich class but also took possession of the political power. More impotant than this was the emergence of the modern wage earning class (the workers, though nominally free, have to sell their labor force to make living.) At this, philosophy of humanism claimed a ban on the long hour work for children and hygenic safty of the factories. Again, entering into the 20th century, it was indispensable for the increase and development of the private enterprises to bring about government interventions for the public interests and recontly led to nationalization of the important industries and business organizations. It also made it possible for the economic contral laws to be enacted for maintenance of the English position in foriegn trade and necessity of an efficient use of the insufficient materials in the national economic stand point. The "Town and Country Plannining Act, 1944" was instituted for maintenance and improvement of the soil. Moreover, such a development in social and economic legislations as the establishment of an extensive social security system which included benefits for unemployment, old-age, and disease caused the English traditional theory, Dicey's denial of the English administrative law, to come to oblteration in fact, which meant the very development of the English administrative law. Under the policy of "laissez-faireism" until the middle of the 19 th century, administration was nothing more than a negative peace preservation, but now the administrative function and method gradually became positive. Thus, the development of the English administrative law is forming in the current thought of the age. A factor I emphnsize especially in the development of the English administrative law is the course in the economical transition. The economical unequality at its extrementy as in this modern society, regardless of its origin, is not approvable in moral sense. Keynes's economic theory which was to break through the sources of the calamities The threat of the excessive differences between poor and rich, unemployment, Profound financial panic, and inflation brought about by the industrial revolution put a spur to the development of the English administrative law. The characteristic of the Keynes's claim is that the cause of the mass unemployment and the financial panic is not an essence of capitalism but has a foundation on human psychology, saying that by government contral full employment can be realized and we can escape from the social evil. I have tried, in this essay, to investigate and critisize the theoritical basis of the English administrative law which was disapproved by the Dicey's theory and to reveal the contents and the course in which the law has been developed by the request of a welfare state.

D.H.Lawrence의 兩性關係에 關한 一考察

金奭株 瑞逸專門大學 1985 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

It is often said that a work reflects its author's life-trace and thought-itinerancy as well. D. H. Lawrence's works are considered to be keenly linked with his own life which was characterized by "loyalty to his own self," "his peculiar prejudiced view point of sex" and "anti-mechanical cultivation." The purpose of this paper is to try an approach to his life-long preoccupation of sex relations through his works, expecially through his novels. As shown in his early masterpiece, <Sons and Lovers>, the distorted love from his mother prevented him from establishing normal relationship with a lady and also ac-quiring the independence of his real self, from which he tried to escape in vain. After his mother's death, he could get out of his mental wandering and schizopherenia his novel, <Sons and Lovers>. But shuch opportunity of his emancipation was not made by his own will. Accordingly, it could not avoid some limitation in its durability and its attribute. His conflict and wandering showed up in many other forms in his later works. He adhered to some peculiar relation theories between man and woman; he as-serted " equilibrium" in <The Rainbow> and <Women in Love>. "phallicism" in <Aaron's Rod>,<Kangaroo> and <The Plumed Serpent> and "phallic tenderness" in <Lady Chatterly's Lover> and <The Man Who Died>. In the short novel <The Man Who Died>, he pursued the physical rebirth and resurrection tenaciously. But such changes in his thought was nothing but reflection of his own physical condition and consciousness of death, Furthermore, his theory of sex relations was full of his own dogma and prejudice. Neverthless, his defiant and critical attitude toward the modern civilization is regar-ded as very meaningful and suggestive one in the respect of restoration/ recurrence of pure humanity.

한국에서의 Lawrence 연구 : 주제별 분류를 중심으로

金奭柱 瑞逸專門大學 1992 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

「Sons and Lovers」에 나타난 性을 통한 자아회복 의지

김석주 瑞逸傳門大學 1988 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Every human activity has in it volition to restore the lost humanity and regain the forlorn ego. An ardent aspiration after returning to our own pristine self lies at the bottom of our literature working. Sons and Lovers, D. H. Lawrence's early masterpiece, is the result of his self resotration will. Through his life, did Lawrence suffered from keen desire of self realization orvercoming the distorted love resulted from his mother during his childhood and young days. The purpose of this paper is to try an approach, based on his works, to his annoying attempt for settling his trouble and groping self recurrence. As shown in Sons and Lovers, he tried to get out of shadow of his mother's influence, which prevented him from establishing normal relationship with female and acquiring the independence of his real self. But such his effort could not avoid some limitation in its attribute. Lawrence's self-consciousness flow is characterized by the conflict between 'spirituality' and 'sensuality' ; the former was influenced by his mother and the latter by this fater. It seems that Lawrence's conflict in the duality of his character is helpless with regard to his view point of dualism betweem his inner and outer experience. Lawrence sought aloness because he felt that his individuality and singleness was threatened with obliteration. But soon he found it was of no realizable attempt owing to his own inclination to depend on a woman. Thus, he asserted that the domiantion of male by female, or domination of female by male should be released, and that the relationship between male and female should be a pure balance of two single beings. This means, of course, to maintain one's identity in balanced relation with the other. I think that Lawrence's greatness does not lie in his annying endeavor for resoration/recurrence of his self but lies in the point at issue presented in his works, which is considered to be a prototype of tantalizing will in our times flooded with distressed voices.

Yeats의 초기시에 나타난 꿈과 현실

金奭柱 瑞逸大學 1999 論文集 Vol.17 No.-

檢證可能性과 反證可能性

李錫潤 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 1976 인문학연구 Vol.3 No.2

The principle of verifiability is the empiricist criterion of cognitive meang, which contemporary logical positivists have propounded. According to it, a proposition has empirical meaning if it is capable of experiential verification. As has frequently been said, this criterion of meaning originated in explicit forms from Wittgenstein's Tractatus, but was expressed by Schlick in a classical formulation of the following form: "The meaning of a proposition is the method of its verification." It is important, however, to realize that this is not a 'theory of meaning' which is concerned with discovering the meaning of a proposition, but a 'criterion of meaningfulness' by which we can determine whether a given proposition is empirically meaningful or not. It seems more adequate, therefore, that the criterion should be formulated as follews: 'A proposition is empirically meaningful if it is capable of verification by observational evidence.' Despite a disagreement among the positivists as to its logical status, they applied this criterion to the propositions of traditional metaphysics and epistemology to condemn many of them as pseudo-propositions, which assert nothing, because these are unverifiable, and thus to delimit the empirically meaningful propositions empirical sciences have to deal with. For empirical sciences must retain, first of all, such propositions in order to search for the ones which are not analytic and yet true. Hence the criterion seems to be a prerequisite to all empirical disciplines. In the intricate history of the logical positivist movement, the empiricist meaning criterion has been amended many times to meet the objections against it, as its defects became obvious. In its earlier stage, a proposition was said to be meaningful if it was capable, at least in principle, of complete verification by observational evidence. This is the criterion which Hempel calls the requirement of complete verifiability, which has, however, several defects. First, this criterion is too restrictive. It rules out all sentences of universal form, and thus not only those metaphysical statements which it purports to exclude, but also all statements expressing scientific general laws; for these can not be conclusively verified by any finite set of observational data. Secondly, this criterion is too inclusive. For if S is a sentence which satisfies the proposed criterion, whereas N is a sentence which expresses any arbitrary metaphysical statement, then their disjunction SvN likewise satisfies the criterion. It cannot, therefore, rule out the metaphysical statement. An alternative criterion which Hempel formulates as requirement of complete falsifiability is, too, inadequate on similiar grounds as the former. It rules out purely existential statements, for none of these can be conclusively falsified. And if S is a sentence which is completely falsifiable, whereas N is an arbitrary metaphysical sentence, then their conjunction S-N is empirically meaningful. Thus the criterion cannot rule out the metaphysical statements. Some attempts have been made to avoid these defects by modifying the criterion of complete verifiability. The criterion of partial verifiability suggested by Ayer is characteristic of one of these attempts to make the complete verification criterion more liberal by introducing the subsidiary hypotheses. But this new criterion cannot avoid the defect of the old one that it allows empirical meaning to such a metaphysical sentence as SvN or S-N. The difficulty of this sort would not arise, if it be possible to construct an artificial language whose vocabulary and grammar were so contrived as to preclude the possibility of forming such metaphysical sentences. Carnap, formulating the requirement of confirmability, attempted to construct an artificial language of this kind. Hempel calls it "an empiricist languag", and sets up a criterion of translatability thereon: "A sentence has cognitive meaning if and only if it is translatable into an empiricist language." The construction of such an empiricist language would make it possible to establish the criterion which might be restrictive to the metaphysical sentences on the one hand, and inclusive to the sentences of natural sciences on the other, by adopting, in addition, the "principle of tolerance" and also developing the theory of reduction sentence according to which disposition terms could be defined by means of observation predicates. But it is, in effect, difficult to construct a system of artificial language appropriate for all the theories of modern physical sciences that are formulated in terms of highly abstract theoretical constructs. In other words, it is almost impossible to construct the theory language completely equipped in advance with all the theory predicates which might be used in any advanced scientific theories. Moreover, Carnap's criterion of confirmability simply rests on the reductionism, without demanding the subsidiary hypotheses which are now used in almost all the cases of scientific test of empirical hypothesis. Actually, a hypothesis of empirical science would get the meaning to the full in the totality of its theory, if it could be confirmed or disconfirmed in conjunction with subsidiary hypotheses, and at the same time could confirm or disconfirm other hypotheses within the same system of theory. Hence, in order to determine whether any statement has empirical meaning or not, we must beforehand determine whether any system of statements is an empirically established theory, that is, a system of genuine science, or not. The idea of formulating a criterion of demarcation between genuine science and pseudo-science is due to Popper. Suggesting falsifiability as a criterion of demarcation, but not of meaning, he formulates it as follows: "the criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability." It is the distinguishing mark of a scientific theory that it must be capable of conflicting with possible, or conceivable, observations, that is to say, of being refuted by experience. Here the testing?whose procedure turns out to be deductive?of a theory is an attempt to falsify it, or to refute it. A scientific theory is conclusively falsifiable by tests. In contrast, if a theory stands up severe tests, it has been corroborated (not confirmed) : it can be only temporarily supported in the sense in which no reason to discard it has been as yet found. Thus the verification of a theory is not regarded as conclusive. This "asymmetry between verifiability and falsifiability", he argues, results from the logical form of universal statements by means of which a theory is formulated. To test it, or to refute it, is to argue from the truth of singular statements, which are conclusions derived from it, to the falsity of universal statements, with the help of the modus tollens. Such an argument is the only strictly deductive kind of inference that can falsify, but not verify, the theory. Accordingly, if a theory is formed in such a way that it escapes refutation, it is not a genuine scientific theory, but a pseudo-theory. On this ground, Popper argues that the critical attitude suitable to scientific investigators may be described as thorough efforts to expose their hypotheses to the most severe experimental tests, with a decision to avoid all the "conventionalist strategems". His criterion of falsifiability has often been interpreted as revised version of the verifiability criterion of meaning. But his concern is not with "the problem of meaning", but only with "the problem of demarcation". The positivist attempt to find a criterion of meaning, he thought, led to no positive results; Carnap's intention to construct a language of science free from metaphysics is not realized. In contrast to the "anti-metaphysical strategems" of the positivist meaning criterion, the criterion of demarcation is intended to distinguish "the theoretical systems of the empirical sciences from those of metaphysics", and to show that even the metaphysical proposition might acquire scientific status "when it is presented in falsifiable form."

테니스경기 내용에 관한 분석 연구 : 한국 대학 테니스선수를 중심으로 Focus on Korean University Elite Athletes

김석환 韓國體育大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

An investigation of the points earned by various strokes in various domestic tennis competitions, as previously suggested in the methodology section, the following conclusions were made: 1. For the male university athletes, various strokes' contribution to the points earned is high in the order of smashing, drop shot, ground smashing, passing shot, forehand volley, backhand volley, lob, half volley, forehand stroke, backhand stroke, and serve return. In general, the points earned were much higher than the points lost. 2. For the female university athletes, various strokes' contribution to the points earned is high in the order of ground smashing, passing shot, drop shot, lob, backhand volley, forehand volley, smashing, half volley, forehand stroke, backhand stroke, and serve return. In general, the points earned were much higher than the points lost. Considering the above conclusions, playing near the net is safer, and playing near the baseline is less safe. Therefore, coaches must help their athletes reinforce such attack skills as volley, smashing and more, while introducing and developing scientific and systematic training methods to help their athletes' ground stroke and lob become safer and stronger.

Bubble Cap Tray, Value Tray 및 Seive Tray를 이용한 알콜/물 분리

김석택,최동훈,김재훈,김장호,빌렛 라인하르트 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 硏究報告 Vol.23 No.1

In this study The diagrams for various packing shown given an impression of the effectiveness of several fraction device for separation towers in alcohol distillation. Although not claiming completeness, they are yet indicative of the influence which the characteristic design and operating parameters are having on the performance efficiency of the internals. The relevant technical literature provides comprehensive information for fluid dynamic computations as well as for predetermining the separation efficiency of columns working under industrial operating conditions, this applies to tray columns and packed columns equally. The most recent computation models of thermal separation technology allow the quantitative valuation also of other efficiency when used in industrial alcohol distillation plants, and the corresponding dimensioning of columns with an accuracy that is sufficient for the requirements of practice.