Understanding the Male-Dominated Business Environment in Pakistan: Lived Experiences of Female Interns

Sarwat Nauman 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2023 Asian Women Vol.39 No.1

This research addresses the gap in the existing literature with regard to female interns’ experiences in Pakistan’s male-dominated business sector. Keeping gender role theory and Kanter’s idea of tokenism at the forefront, this research study examines the experiences and challenges that 20 female interns faced when they ventured into the business world. The research results suggest that even young, modern, and educated women in Pakistan are conscious of the barriers laid down by society for them and opt to remain within those boundaries by choosing a working environment they consider safe for themselves. A safe environment for them is synonymous with an environment with more women, and in the presence of men they conduct themselves according to religious and societal norms. The research also highlighted the importance of religion in Pakistani society; therefore, educated women try to find liberation while staying within the boundaries of progressive Islam.

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants and Signaling in Plants

( Parvaiz Ahmad ),( Maryam Sarwat ),( Satyawati Sharma ) 한국식물학회 2008 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.51 No.3

Reactive Power Compensation Game Under Prospect-Theoretic Framing Effects

Wang, Yunpeng,Saad, Walid,Sarwat, Arif I.,Hong, Choong Seon IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on smart grid Vol.9 No.5

<P>Reactive power compensation is an important challenge in smart power systems. However, in the context of reactive power compensation, most existing studies assume that customers can assess their compensation value (their Var unit) objectively. In this paper, customers are assumed to make decisions that pertain to reactive power coordination. In consequence, the way in which those customers evaluate the compensation value resulting from their individual decisions will impact the overall grid performance. In particular, a behavioral framework, based on the framing effect of prospect theory (PT), is developed to study the impact of both objective value and subjective evaluation in a reactive power compensation game. For instance, PT’s framing effect allows customers to optimize a subjective value of their utility which essentially frames the objective utility with respect to a reference point. This game enables customers to coordinate the use of their electrical devices to compensate reactive power. For the proposed game, both the objective case using expected utility theory and the PT consideration are solved via a learning algorithm that converges to a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium. In addition, several key properties of this game are derived analytically. Simulation results show that, under PT, customers are likely to make decisions that differ from those predicted by classical models. For instance, using an illustrative two-customer case, we show that a PT customer will increase the adoption of a conservative strategy (achieving a high power factor) by 29% compared to a conventional customer. Similar insights are also observed for a case with three customers.</P>

Production of hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes from atalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni:Cu/Alumina Modified Supported catalysts

Tajammul Hussain,Mohammed Mazhar,Sarwat Iqbal,Sheraz Gul,Muzammil Hussain,Faical Larachi 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.7

Hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes along with nanocarbon were produced from commercial natural gas using fixed bed catalyst reactor system. The maximum amount of carbon(491 g/g of catalyst) formation was achieved on 25% Ni, 3% Cu supported catalyst without formation of CO/CO2. Pure carbon nanotubes with length of 308 nm having ballon and horn type shapes were also formed at 673K. Three sets of catalysts were prepared by varying the concentration of Ni in the first set, Cu concentration in the second set and doping with K in the thired set to investigate the effect on stabilization of the catalyst and production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen by coper and potassium doping. Particle size analysis revealed that most of the ctalyst particled are in the range of 20-35 nm. All the catalysts were characterized using powder XRD, SEM/EDX, TPR, CHN, BET and CO-chemisorption. These studies indicate that surface geometry is modified electronically with the formation of different Ni, Cu and K phases, consequently, increasing the surface reactivity of the catalyst and in turm the Carbon nanotubes/H2 production. The addition of Cu and k enhances the catalyst dispersion with the increase in Ni loadings and maximum dispersion is achieved on 25% Ni: 3% Cu/Al catalyst. Clearly, the effect of particle size couple with specific surface geometry o nthe production of hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes prevails. Addition of K increases the catalyst stability with decrease in carbon formation, due to its interaction with Cu and Ni, masking Ni and Ni: Cu active sites.

Production of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes from Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over Ni:Cu/Alumina Modified Supported Catalysts

Hussain, Tajammul,Mazhar, Mohammed,Iqbal, Sarwat,Gul, Sheraz,Hussain, Muzammil,Larachi, Faical Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.7

Hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes along with nanocarbon were produced from commercial natural gas using fixed bed catalyst reactor system. The maximum amount of carbon (491 g/g of catalyst) formation was achieved on 25% Ni, 3% Cu supported catalyst without formation of CO/CO2. Pure carbon nanotubes with length of 308 nm having balloon and horn type shapes were also formed at 673 K. Three sets of catalysts were prepared by varying the concentration of Ni in the first set, Cu concentration in the second set and doping with K in the third set to investigate the effect on stabilization of the catalyst and production of carbon nanotubes and hydrogen by copper and potassium doping. Particle size analysis revealed that most of the catalyst particles are in the range of 20-35 nm. All the catalysts were characterized using powder XRD, SEM/EDX, TPR, CHN, BET and CO-chemisorption. These studies indicate that surface geometry is modified electronically with the formation of different Ni, Cu and K phases, consequently, increasing the surface reactivity of the catalyst and in turn the Carbon nanotubes/H2 production. The addition of Cu and K enhances the catalyst dispersion with the increase in Ni loadings and maximum dispersion is achieved on 25% Ni: 3% Cu/Al catalyst. Clearly, the effect of particle size coupled with specific surface geometry on the production of hydrogen gas and carbon nanotubes prevails. Addition of K increases the catalyst stability with decrease in carbon formation, due to its interaction with Cu and Ni, masking Ni and Ni:Cu active sites.

APPLICATION OF A HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE GENERAL SCOUR: A CASE STUDY FOR ELASIN BRIDGE ON THE DHALESWARI RIVER IN BANGLADESH

KABIR M. MAHBOOB-UL,JAHAN SARWAT,NOOR AHMED ABDULLAH 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

Amelioration of 1,2 Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) Induced Colon Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Tumor Promotion Response by Tannic Acid in Wistar Rats

Hamiza, Oday O.,Rehman, Muneeb U.,Tahir, Mir,Khan, Rehan,Khan, Abdul Quaiyoom,Lateef, Abdul,Ali, Farrah,Sultana, Sarwat Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Colon cancer is the third most common malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains an important cause of death, especially in western countries. The toxic environmental pollutant, 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), is also a colon-specific carcinogen. Tannic acid (TA) is reported to be effective against various types of chemically induced toxicity and also carcinogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of TA against DMH induced colon toxicity in a rat model. Efficacy of TA against the colon toxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, histopathological changes and expression of early molecular markers of inflammation and tumor promotion. DMH treatment induced oxidative stress enzymes (p<0.001) and an early inflammatory and tumor promotion response in the colons of Wistar rats. TA treatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by DMH through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of oxidative stress as well as COX-2, i-NOS, PCNA protein expression levels and TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.001) release. It could be concluded from our results that TA markedly protects against chemically induced colon toxicity and acts plausibly by virtue of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.