Ethnic food perspective of North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat and relevance for health benefits targeting type 2 diabetes

Ashish Christopher,Dipayan Sarkar,Steve Zwinger,Kalidas Shetty 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.1

Background Ancient grains with ethnic food origins are gaining renewed interest in contemporary food design due to its balanced nutritional profiles and health benefits. The “North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat” (Triticum dicoccum), a tetraploid species, had ethnic origins with German immigrants from Russia migrating to North Dakota in late 19th century. Targeting such grains with ethnic origins that are rich in fibers, amino acids, minerals, and other bioactive compounds has significant merit for advancing health benefits against emerging diet-linked chronic diseases. Based on this rationale, phenolic-linked antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties of North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat was compared with those of other commercial wheat cultivars in order to integrate it into a health-targeted food design based on past ethnic food insights. Methods Aqueous extracts of the North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat (with and without hull) and two other commercial wheat varieties, Barlow and Coteau, were analyzed before and after milling. The total soluble phenolic content, phenolic acid profile, protein content, antioxidant activity, type 2 diabetes relevant α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activities were determined using in vitro assay models. Results North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat with hull had highest total soluble phenolic content and associated antioxidant and antihyperglycemic properties (before and after milling) when compared to the other commercial wheat cultivars. Conclusion Results indicated that North Dakota Common Emmer Wheat with hull can be integrated into a health-targeted contemporary food design as a part of dietary support against chronic hyperglycemia and oxidative stress associated with early stages type 2 diabetes.

Metabolic stimulation of phenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme response in dark germinated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts using bioprocessed elicitors

Ramnarain Ramakrishna,Dipayan Sarkar,Kalidas Shetty 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.4

Sprouting and seed elicitor treatments stimulatethe biosynthesis of health relevant phenolic bioactives inplants partly by upregulating proline-associated pentosephosphate pathway (PAPPP). This study investigated theupregulation of PAPPP-linked and antioxidant enzymeassociated metabolic responses in elicitor-treated barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) sprouts previously established withstimulation of health relevant phenolic bioactives. Barleyseeds were treated with bioprocessed elicitors marineprotein hydrolysates (GroPro , GP) and soluble chitosanoligosaccharide and germinated under dark conditions. Upregulation of PAPPP and subsequent stimulation ofphenolic biosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme responseswere monitored at day 2, 4, and 6 of sprouting. HighPAPPP-linked antioxidant enzyme responses wereobserved at early stages of germination with selected dosesof GP treatments, especially in cv. Pinnacle. Total solublephenolic content remained at higher level, while guaiacolperoxidase activity increased over the course of sproutingindicating increased phenolic polymerization to supportstructural needs of sprouts.

Advancing ethnic foods in diverse global ecologies through systems-based solutions is essential to global food security and climate resilience–integrated human health benefits

Kalidas Shetty,Dipayan Sarkar 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.1

The face of global food security challenges has changed and must address both needs of sufficient macronutrients and micronutrients to counter overall malnutrition that exists in several regions of the world and also new more rapid emergence of diet-linked noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Therefore, the current global food and nutritional security strategies must be improved to generate adequate global food production from a wide diversity of crops that will meet macronutrient/micronutrient needs along with beneficial bioactive ingredients to counter diet-linked NCDs.

Phenolic bioactive-linked antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and antihypertensive properties of sweet potato cultivars with different flesh color

Chintha Pradeepika,Sarkar Dipayan,Pecota Kenneth,Dogramaci Munevver,Hatterman-Valenti Harlene,Shetty Kalidas 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.5

Sweet potato is a rich source of antioxidant phytohemicals, like β-carotene, vitamin C, anthocyanins, xanthophylls, and phenolics, which are relevant for providing dietary protections against chronic oxidative stress-associated diseases, like type 2 diabetes. However, the health protective phytochemical profi les and associated antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of sweet potatoes vary widely between diff erent fl esh color and among cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen aqueous and ethanol (12%) extracts of seven sweet potato cultivars with diff erent fl esh colors (white–yellow, orange, and purple) for their phenolic phytochemical-linked functional qualities. Total soluble phenolic (TSP) content, phenolic profi le, protein content, total antioxidant activity, anti-hyperglycemic function relevant α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antihypertensive function related angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of sweet potato cultivars were determined using rapid in vitro assay models. The purple fl esh cv. NIC-413 had signifi cantly higher phenolic content (2.8 mg GAE 100 g −1 FW) and associated high antioxidant activity. Catechin, gallic, and dihydroxybenzoic acids were found in all cultivars, while chlorogenic acid was present only in purple-fl esh cultivar. Anti-hyperglycemic property relevant α-amylase (74–84%), and α-glucosidase (21–60%) enzyme inhibitory activities were present in all sweet potato cultivars. Additionally, anti-hypertensive property relevant ACE (10–88%) enzyme inhibitory activity were present across all sweet potato cultivars. The results of this in vitro screening study suggested that sweet potato cultivars like NIC-413, Murasaki, Evangeline, and Covington are good dietary source of phenolic antioxidants and can be relevant for anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive benefi ts to target type 2 diabetes associated health risks.

Bioactive vegetables integrated into ethnic “Three Sisters Crops” garden targeting foods for type 2 diabetes-associated health disparities of American Indian communities

Lokesh K. Mishra,Jacob Walker-Swaney,Dipayan Sarkar,Kalidas Shetty 한국식품연구원 2017 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.4 No.3

Background Health-targeted ethnic food models are essential to address worldwide health disparities. One population of the United States that experiences some of the worst rates of diet-related chronic diseases is the American Indians. Current contemporary dietary models of American Indians are based on higher consumption of calorie-dense foods from hyper processed grains and refined lipids, leading to higher rates of non-communicable chronic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). To counter these health disparities of American Indian communities, strategies are being advanced to build community gardens based on culturally and ecologically relevant ethnic food models. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to integrate bioactive-enriched vegetables to enhance nutritional diversity of an ethnic and traditional “Three Sisters Crops” garden concept of American Indians. Methods T2D-relevant rapid in vitro screening models were used to evaluate the phenolic bioactive-linked anti-hyperglycemia and anti-hypertensive properties of seven selected vegetables which were integrated with the ethnic “Three Sisters Crops”-based garden model of American Indians. Results Highest phenolic-linked anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hypertensive properties were found in kale which was integrated in the ethnic “Three Sisters Crops” garden targeting dietary support of T2D and hypertension management. Conclusion Such health-targeted models based on local and ethnic food systems concept can contribute significantly to addressing health disparities in American Indian communities of the northern plains and other parts of the North America.

Varietal Influences on Antihyperglycemia Properties of Freshly Harvested Apples Using In Vitro Assay Models

Ana Cristina Lopes Barbosa,Marcia da Silva Pinto,Dipayan Sarkar,Chandrakant Ankolekar,Duane Greene,Kalidas Shetty 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.6

The well-known health benefits of apples have been attributed in part to the presence of polyphenols and related antioxidant capacity. The consumption of apples could provide health benefits by reducing the risk for chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome disease, including type 2 diabetes. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the phenolic-linked antihyperglycemia bioactive factors in aqueous and 12% ethanol extracts of peel and pulp from 10 different freshly harvested apple varieties commonly consumed in the United States. The extracts were analyzed for total soluble phenolics, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-linked antioxidant activity, and their associated in vitro a-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activities. In general, peel extracts had higher total soluble phenolic content and related antioxidant capacity than pulp extracts. Quercetin derivatives, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, and p-coumaric acid were detected, and the amount varied significantly between aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Honeycrisp and Red Delicious varieties had the highest total phenolic contents and a significant correlation with antioxidant capacity (r¼0.91). In addition, high a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities in aqueous pulp extracts were found. However, the peel extracts had the highest a-glucosidase inhibitory activity along with low a-amylase inhibitory activity. No correlation between a-amylase inhibitory activity and total phenolic content was observed. However, positive correlations between a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total phenolics in aqueous (r¼0.50) and ethanolic (r¼0.70) extracts were observed. This study provides the biochemical rationale for animal and clinical studies to determine the suitable varieties with optimum bioactive factors with antihyperglycemia potential.