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Recent Findings about the Yersinia enterocolitica Phage Shock Protein Response
Saori Yamaguchi,Andrew J. Darwin 한국미생물학회 2012 The journal of microbiology Vol.50 No.1
The phage shock protein (Psp) system is a conserved extracytoplasmic stress response in bacteria that is essential for virulence of the human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica. This article summarizes some recent findings about Y. enterocolitica Psp system function. Increased psp gene expression requires the transcription factor PspF, but under non-inducing conditions PspF is inhibited by an interaction with another protein, PspA, in the cytoplasm. A Psp-inducing stimulus causes PspA to relocate to the cytoplasmic membrane, freeing PspF to induce psp gene expression. This PspA relocation requires the integral cytoplasmic membrane proteins, PspB and PspC, which might sense an inducing trigger and sequester PspA by direct interaction. The subsequent induction of psp gene expression increases the PspA concentration, which also allows it to contact the membrane directly, perhaps for its physiological function. Mutational analysis of the PspB and PspC proteins has revealed that they both positively and negatively regulate psp gene expression and has also identified PspC domains associated with each function. We also compare the contrasting physiological roles of the Psp system in the virulence of Y. enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In S. Typhimurium, PspA maintains the proton motive force, which provides the energy needed to drive ion importers required for survival within macrophages. In contrast, in the extracellular pathogen Y. enterocolitica, PspB and PspC, but not PspA, are the Psp components needed for virulence. PspBC protect Y. enterocolitica from damage caused by the secretin component of its type 3 secretion system, an essential virulence factor.
Development of SMART-BUTTERFLY seating system for Parkinson’s disease
Jiro Yonezaki,Maki Ikeda,Saori Yamaguchi 한국재활복지공학회 2015 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
The SMART-BUTTERFLY seating system has been developed in Osaka-city Rehab. Ctr. Assistive Technology Department. The purpose of this system is to solve the problem of various postures faced by patients with Parkinson"s disease. We apply this system to the five patients were verified for each effect. As one of the evaluation method, we used a part of the ISO16840-1, Guideto Seating Measures.