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Design of HTS Magnets for a 2.5 MJ SMES
Sangyeop Kwak,Seyeon Lee,Sangyeop Lee,Woo-Seok Kim,Ji-Kwang Lee,Chan Park,Joonhan Bae,Jung-Bin Song,Haigun Lee,Kyeongdal Choi,Kichul Seong,Hyunkyo Jung,Song-yop Hahn IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.19 No.3
<P>A 600 kJ HTS SMES system has been developed for power system stabilization as a national project in Korea. Successful operating tests of the 600 kJ were recently completed. In this paper, a 2.5 MJ class SMES with HTS magnets of single solenoid, multiple solenoid and modular toroid type were optimized using a recently developed multi-modal optimization technique named multi-grouped particle swarm optimization (MGPSO). The objective of the optimization was to minimize the total length of HTS superconductor wires satisfying some equality and inequality constraints. The stored energy and constraints were calculated using 3-D magnetic field analysis techniques and an automatic tetrahedral mesh generator. Optimized results were verified by 3D finite element method (FEM).</P>
Cut-and-Paste Transferrable Pressure Sensing Cartridge Films
Hwang, Hyejin,Choi, Song-Ee,Han, Sang Woo,You, Insang,Jeong, Eun Sook,Kim, Sinae,Yang, Hakyeong,Lee, Sangyeop,Choo, Jaebum,Kim, Jin Woong,Jeong, Unyong American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.18
<P>Flexible tactile sensors have been intensively studied for healthcare and electronic skin devices. Currently, a sensing material, electrode, and substrate are manufactured as one set by depositing the sensing material on the electrode. For this reason, when another electrode or substrate is used in the sensor or when different sensor characteristics are required, a new sensing material must be developed and the fabrication conditions should be changed. This study proposes a novel method of manufacturing a pressure sensing material like a cartridge film. The cartridge film is made by filling the holes of a stencil film (one MP in each hole) with conductive microparticles (MPs). Using the cartridge film, the sensing material can be cut-and-pasted on electrodes and transferred to other electrodes for reuse. This study analyzes the electrical responses of the sensors made of the cartridge film on the basis of the Hertzian contact theory, and also correlates the sensing performance of the sensors with the conductivity of the MPs and the degree of protrusion of the MPs from the stencil surface.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
SERS imaging of HER2-overexpressed MCF7 cells using antibody-conjugated gold nanorods
Park, Hyejin,Lee, Sangyeop,Chen, Lingxin,Lee, Eun Kyu,Shin, Soon Young,Lee, Young Han,Son, Sang Wook,Oh, Chil Hwan,Song, Joon Myong,Kang, Seong Ho,Choo, Jaebum Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.11 No.34
<P>Antibody-conjugated gold nanorods (GNRs) have been used for the targeting and imaging of specific cancer markers expressed on the surface membrane of cancer cells. GNRs with various aspect ratios were fabricated, and their surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement effects were evaluated. To attach the GNRs selectively onto the targets in cancer cells, specific antibodies were immobilized on the surface of GNRs using the layer-by-layer deposition method. First, Raman reporter molecules, mercaptopyridine, were attached to the surface of GNRs, and their surface charge was modified using poly(sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate) to make the surface charge negative. Then, anti-rabbit IgGs were immobilized onto the surface of the GNRs by electrostatic interactions. HER2 markers, expressed on the cell surface, were treated with anti-HER2 primary antibodies. Finally, the functionalized nanoprobes, conjugated with secondary antibodies, were attached to the markers on cancer cells by antibody–antibody interactions. In the present study, MCF7 cells overexpressing breast cancer marker HER2 were used as the optical imaging targets. Our experimental results demonstrate the potential feasibility of antibody-conjugated GNRs for the highly sensitive targeting and imaging of biomarkers expressed on the surface membrane of cancer cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We report the application of antibody-conjugated gold nanorods for the targeting and imaging of biomarkers expressed on cancer cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b904592a'> </P>
Categorized wetland preference and life forms of the vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula
Choung, Yeonsook,Min, Byeong Mee,Lee, Kyu Song,Cho, Kang-Hyun,Joo, Kwang Yeong,Hyun, Jin-Oh,Na, Hye Ryun,Oh, Hyun Kyung,Nam, Gi-Heum,Kim, Jin-Seok,Cho, Soyeon,Lee, Jongsung,Jung, Sangyeop,Lee, Jaeyeon The Ecological Society of Korea 2021 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.45 No.1
Background: In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources. We analyzed the list and explored the distribution patterns of the five categorized groups according to wetland preference, along with the information on the major habitats and the life forms of the plants belonging to those categories. Results: Out of 4145 taxa, we found that 729 wetland plant taxa (18%) occur in Korea: 401 obligate wetland plants and 328 facultative wetland plants. Among the 729 wetland taxa, the majority (73%) was hygrophytes and the remaining 27% was aquatic macrophytes. Furthermore, almost all of the wetland taxa are herbs; so, woody plants are only 4.7%. The 16 carnivorous taxa distributed in Korea were characterized as obligate wetland plants. Conclusions: We expect the categorized information would promote understanding of the characteristics of the plant species and would be an important source for understanding, conservation, and restoration of wetland ecosystems.
N-p-Nitrophenyl Poly(m-Phenylene Isophthalamide)의 합성
김홍범,김동현,이재웅,송상엽,김낙중,Hongbum Kim,Donghyun Kim,Jaewung Lee,Sangyeop Song,Nakjoong Kim 대한화학회 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.2
N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)는 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)를 디메틸술폭사이드(DMSO) 용매속에서 수소화나트륨(NaH)과 반응시킨 후, 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene을 첨가하여 43 wt%를 얻었다. 고유점성도는 폴리머를 98% 황산에 녹여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 측정하였으며 그 값은 0.606g/cm${\cdot}$sec(0.125g/25ml)였다. Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) 합성에 있어서, 1,3-페닐디아민은 트리에틸아민과 트리에틸아민·염화수소가 있는 클로로포름 용매속에서 클로로이소프탈산과 반응에 의해 얻어졌다. 고유 점성도 값은 같은 조건에서 0.560g/cm${\cdot}$sec 였다. N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)의 치환비율은 $^1H-NMR$ integration에 의해 16.7~47.0%였다. 고유점성도가 큰 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)를 사용했을 때는 치환비율이 낮았다. N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was obtained from treatment of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) with sodium hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by the addition of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene in 43 wt% yield. Its inherent viscosity was 0.606 g/cm${\cdot}$sec determined from a solution of 0.125 g of the above polymer dissolved in 25 ml of 98% sulfuric acid at $30^{\circ}C.$ In order to synthesize poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), 1,3-phenylenediamine is allowed to react with isophthaloyl chloride in chloroform in the presence of triethylamine and added triethylamine hydrochloride. The value of inherent viscosity is 0.560 g/cm${\cdot}$sec measured at the same condition. The substitution ratio of N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was to be 16.7∼47.0% by using the $^1H-NMR$ integration. When the higher inherent viscosity of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was used, lower substitution ratio would be calculated.