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Diagnoses of Abiotic Stress in Cucumber Plant with Non-destructive Physiological Instruments
Sung, Jae Hoon,Suh, Sang Ryong,Chung, Gap Chae,Lee, K. H. 한국농업기계학회 2001 Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol.2 No.2
This paper describes methods to diagnose abiotic stresses such as low root temperature, low light intensity and high salinity in cucumber plants with several physiological instruments. The stresses could be detected by measuring and analyzing the differences in chlorophyll content, temperature difference between leaf and atmosphere and light absorptance at wavelengths of 480, 560, 710, 1420 and 1650㎚. It was concluded that the stresses could be first diagnosed from the 3rd to 10th day after treatment and the overall accuracy of diagnosis was estimated between 25 and 75%. Near-infrared spectrometer showed better and earlier detection than the other instruments investigated.
Effect of seaweed addition on enhanced anaerobic digestion of food waste and sewage sludge
Sang-Ryong Shin,Mo-Kwon Lee,Seongwon Im,Dong-Hoon Kim 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3
To investigate the effect of seaweed (SW) addition on anaerobic co-digestion of food waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS), batch experiments were conducted at various substrate concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g volatile solids (VS)/L) and mixing ratios ((FW or SS):SW = 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 on a VS basis). The effect of SW addition on FW digestion was negligible at low substrate concentration, while it was substantial at high substrate concentrations by balancing the rate of acidogenesis and methanogenesis. At 10 g VS/L, CH₄ production yield was increased from 103 to 350 mL CH₄/g VS by SW addition (FW:SW = 75:25). On the other hand, SW addition to SS enhanced the digestion performance at all substrate concentrations, by providing easily biodegradable organics, which promoted the hydrolysis of SS. k<SUP>hyd</SUP> (hydrolysis constant) value was increased from 0.19 to 0.28 d<SUP>-1</SUP> by SW addition. The calculation showed that the synergistic CH₄ production increment by co-digesting with SW accounted for up to 24% and 20% of total amount of CH4 production in digesting FW and SS, respectively.
Lee, Ji-Hye,Park, Jung-Heun,Lee, Sang-Hak,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Cho, Kyung-Hyun D.A. Spandidos 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.25 No.6
<P>A female patient (64 years of age; body mass index, 26) had a markedly and relatively low low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level (97 mg/dl) despite high serum total cholesterol (TC) (331 mg/dl) and triacylglyceride levels (307 mg/dl). Since the expected LDL-C was 222 mg/dl, there was a significant difference between the calculation and measurement based on direct enzyme assay. Only 30% of serum cholesterol was associated with LDL-C in this patient. To determine the basis for the markedly low LDL-C/TC ratio, we isolated and analyzed lipoproteins from the patient as well as age- and gender-matched controls. The patient had lowered serum CETP activity and elevated paraoxonase activity with GOT and GPT values in the normal range. The very low-density lipoprotein particles from the patient were larger than those of the controls and enriched with lipid and protein, while the LDL from the patient (LDL-P) had a lower particle number and protein content than the controls. The LDL-P was more resistant to cupric ion-mediated oxidation. HDL2 from the patient (HDL2-P) had highly enhanced paraoxonase activity and antioxidant ability. The patient had a 1.5-fold higher level of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I expression in HDL2. ApoA-I in HDL2 and HDL3 from the patient showed no fragmentation, while the control had fragmented bands (17 and 21 kDa) in the HDL. The HDL2-P also had a larger particle size and greater protein content with less lipid content. HDL3-associated cholesteryl ester transfer protein was reduced in the patient, although the particle size was similar to the controls. In conclusion, a patient who had a markedly lower LDL-C/TC ratio despite hyperlipidemia associated with higher paraoxonase activity, higher apoA-I level and lower CETP activity without fragmentation of apoA-I in the HDL fraction is presented. The enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of HDL might contribute to the low LDL-C/TC ratio in this patient.</P>
Lee, Byeong Ryong,Goo, Ji Soo,Kim, Yong Woon,You, Young-Jun,Kim, Hyeok,Lee, Sang-Kwon,Shim, Jae Won,Kim, Tae Geun Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the indoor performance of flexible organic photovoltaic devices utilizing quasi-amorphous ZnO/Ag/ZnO as the transparent conducting electrode. A ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrode with specific thickness values of 40/9/50 nm provides excellent transparent conducting electrode properties with transmittances up to 92% in the visible region, a sheet resistance of 4.8 Ω/sq, and a root-mean squared surface roughness value of 2.1 nm. In addition, the micro-cavity effect and quasi-amorphous structural properties of the ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrode allow further enhanced light absorption and mechanical stability, respectively. Poly (3-hexylthiophene):indene-C<SUB>60</SUB> bisadduct photoactive layer-based inverted organic photovoltaics with the ZnO/Ag/ZnO (40/9/50 nm) electrode yield an averaged power-conversion efficiency of 12.3% under a light-emitting diode lamp with a luminance of 500 lux, which is 20% greater than the power-conversion efficiency value of the reference organic photovoltaics with an indium tin oxide electrode. Furthermore, the same organic photovoltaics on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates exhibit excellent mechanical stability (i.e., 92% of the initial power-conversion efficiency value is maintained even after 400 bending cycles with a bending radius of 9.55 mm), with averaged power-conversion efficiency values of 10.2% under the 500-lux light-emitting diode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> OPVs with clear and flexible ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes are fabricated. </LI> <LI> Quasi-amorphous ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes provide excellent mechanical flexibility. </LI> <LI> Micro-cavity effects via ZnO/Ag/ZnO enhance light absorption into OPVs. </LI> <LI> ZnO/Ag/ZnO-based OPVs show a 12.3% conversion efficiency under a 500 lux LED. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
A Novel Route Discovery Scheme Equipped with Two Augmented Functions for Ad Hoc Networks
Lee Hae-Ryong,Shin Jae-Wook,Na Jee-Hyeon,Jeong Youn-Kwae,Park Kwang-Roh,Kim Sang-Ha Korea Institute of Information and Telecommunicati 2004 정보통신설비학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1
'The delay and control overhead during route discovery for destinations outside ad hoc networks are major obstacle to achieving scalability in the Internet. To solve this issue, we propose a novel route discovery scheme equipped with two augmented functions. In this paper, the Internet gateway maintains an address cache of Internet nodes frequently accessed from the ad hoc network and replies with an extended Route Response (RREP) message to the Route Request (RREQ) message based on its routing table and the address cache called EXIT(EXternal node Information Table). These augmented functions make the source node determine the location of the destination as fast as possible. Through simulations, the proposed route discovery scheme using both EXIT and extended RREP message shows considerable' reduction in both route discovery time and control message overhead.
Lee, Sang-Won,Jeong, Kyu-Sik,Han, Sang-Wook,Lee, Seung-Eun,Phee, Bong-Kwan,Hahn, Tae-Ryong,Ronald, Pamela American Society for Microbiology 2008 Journal of Bacteriology Vol.190 No.6
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The rice pathogen recognition receptor, XA21, confers resistance to <I>Xanthomonas oryzae</I> pv. oryzae strains producing the type one system-secreted molecule, AvrXA21. <I>X. oryzae</I> pv. oryzae requires a regulatory two-component system (TCS) called RaxRH to regulate expression of eight <I>rax</I> (<I>r</I>equired for <I>A</I>vr<I>X</I>A21 activity) genes and to sense population cell density. To identify other key components in this critical regulatory circuit, we assayed proteins expressed in a <I>raxR</I> gene knockout strain. This survey led to the identification of the <I>phoP</I> gene encoding a response regulator that is up-regulated in the <I>raxR</I> knockout strain. Next we generated a <I>phoP</I> knockout strain and found it to be impaired in <I>X. oryzae</I> pv. oryzae virulence and no longer able to activate the response regulator HrpG (hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity G) in response to low levels of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>. The impaired virulence of the <I>phoP</I> knockout strain can be partially complemented by constitutive expression of <I>hrpG</I>, indicating that PhoP controls a key aspect of <I>X. oryzae</I> pv. oryzae virulence through regulation of <I>hrpG</I>. A gene encoding the cognate putative histidine protein kinase, <I>phoQ</I>, was also isolated. Growth curve analysis revealed that AvrXA21 activity is impaired in a <I>phoQ</I> knockout strain as reflected by enhanced growth of this strain in rice lines carrying XA21. These results suggest that the <I>X. oryzae</I> pv. oryzae PhoPQ TCS functions in virulence and in the production of AvrXA21 in partnership with RaxRH.</P>
Development of Machine Vision System and Dimensional Analysis of the Automobile Front-Chassis-Module
Lee, Dong-Mok,Yang, Seung-Han,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Lee, Young-Moon The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.12
In the present research work, an automated machine vision system and a new algorithm to interpret the inspection data has been developed. In the past, the control of tolerance of front-chassis-module was done manually. In the present work a machine vision system and required algorithm was developed to carryout dimensional evaluation automatically. The present system is used to verify whether the automobile front-chassis-module is within the tolerance limit or not. The directional ability parameters related with front-chassis-module such as camber, caster, toe and king-pin angle are also determined using the present algorithm. The above mentioned parameters are evaluated by the pose of interlinks in the assembly of an automobile front-chassis-module. The location of ball-joint center is important factor to determine these parameters. A method to determine the location of ball-joint center using geometric features is also suggested in this paper. In the present work a 3-D best fitting method is used for determining the relationship between nominal design coordinate system and the corresponding feature coordinate system.
Melon Surface Color and Texture Analysis for Estimation of Soluble Solids Content and Firmness
( Sang Ryong Suh ),( Kyeong Hwan Lee ),( Seung Hwa Yu ),( Hwa Sun Shin ),( Young Soo Choi ),( Soo Nam Yoo ) 한국농업기계학회 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.4
Purpose: The net rind pattern and color of melon surface are important for a high market value of melon fruits. The development of the net and color are closely related to the changes in shape, size, and maturing. Therefore, the net and color characteristics can be used indicators for assessment of melon quality. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating melon soluble solids content (SSC) and firmness by analyzing the net and color characteristics of fruit surface. Methods: The true color images of melon surface obtained at fruit equator were analyzed with 18 color features and 9 texture features. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used to estimate SSC and firmness in melons using their color and texture features. Results: In sensing melon SSC, the coefficients of determination of validation (Rv 2) of the prediction models using the color and texture features were 0.84 (root mean square error of validation, RMSEV: 1.92 °Brix) and 0.96 (RMSEV: 0.60 °Brix), respectively. The Rv 2 values of the models for predicting melon firmness using the color and texture features were 0.64 (RMSEV: 4.62 N) and 0.79 (RMSEV: 2.99 N), respectively. Conclusions: In general, the texture features were more useful for estimating melon internal quality than the color features. However, to strengthen the usefulness of the color and texture features of melon surface for estimation of melon quality, additional experiments with more fruit samples need to be conducted.