http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
소문.거통론(素問.擧痛論)에 나타난 칠기(七氣)에 대한 고찰
김보경 ( Bo-Kyung Kim ),이상용 ( Sang-Ryong Lee ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Jiu Qi(九氣) was shown at Ju Tong Lun(擧痛論) in Shao Wen(素問) Huang Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), and is nine important factors that affect the function of human body. Jiu Qi concludes endogenous, exogenous, non-endo-exogenous factors. I do the bibliographical study on the Jin Qi, the results were as follows; 1. The Qi of Jin Qi has two opposite meanings. one is genuine vital energy(正氣), and the other is the factors causing abnormal state in vital energy. Jin Qi is nine factors concluding coldness-heat(exogenous fctor), overworking(non-endo-exogenous factor). 2. Anger may lead to abnormal rising of vital energy. Anger causes Qi of the liver to go perversely upward, and perverted flow of exuberant QI of the liver lead to dysfunction of the spleen, so resulted in hematemesis, diarrhea, indigestion. 3. Joy can promote the harmony of vital energy and blood, so do the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy in physiological state. But an excessive joy may lead to the sluggishness of vital energy. 4. The lung keeps the pathway of air unconstructed, disseminates vital energy, cleanses the inspired air and keeps vital energy flowing downward. Sorrow affects on the function of the lung and the heart, so could result in obstructionof the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy. An excessive sorrow after stagnation may lead to the consumption of vital energy. 5. Fear makes vital energy and essence of the kidney sink to inward and downside, makes Yang-Qi can't go upward, so causes obstruction of triple warmer. An excessive fear can obstructs the ascending of Yang-Qi, so may lead to the abnormal falling of vital energy. 6. Coldness makes the sweat pore be contracted, so obstructs the circulation of triple warmer, causes sluggishness of defensive energy or Qi of the internal organ. 7. Heat makes the sweat pore be open, much amount of sweat is excreted with Yang-Qi, defensive energy, vital energy. Heat may consume vital energy. 8. Sudden fright affects on spirits of the heart and liver causes disorder of the mental faculties and separation of blood and vital energy. Fright may lead to disorder of Qi. 9. Overwork concludes overfatigue and exhaustion caused by intemperance in sexual life. Overwork renders vital energy consumed, and hence results in lassitude and listlessness. 10. Thinking affects on the function of the heart and the spleen. Over thinking may lead to depression of vital energy. Through the bibliographical study on Jiu Qi, I got smallest amount of it, and this must be more investigated correlating with clinical study.
Kyungwon Min(민경원),Liu Bing(리우 빙),Sang-Ryong Lee(이상용),Rajeev Arora(라지브 아로라) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
Supplemental calcium (Ca2+)fertilization has been reported to enhance plant tolerance against various abiotic stresses, however, its effect on freezing tolerance has not been well studied. We investigated the effect of Ca2+supplementation on freezing tolerance of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) at whole-plant as well as excised-leaf level. Seedlings supplemented with 20 and 25 mM Ca2+ through sub-irrigation efficiently assimilated Ca2+, evident by higher leaf-Ca2+ content. Supplemental Ca2+ did not impede leaf-growth(leaf-area) but slightly increased dry weight / fresh weight ratio compared to the control. Supplemental Ca2+ significantly improved freezing tolerance as evident by reducing K+/Mg2+/total ion-leakage (i.e. indicative of less membrane damage), alleviating oxidative stress (less accumulation of O2 and H2O2), and enhancing PSII potential quantum yield /energy trapping efficiency (Fv/Fm) following a relatively moderate or severe freeze-thaw stress, i.e., -5.5 and -6.5 ˚C. Improved freezing tolerance by Ca2+ supplementation was paralleled by enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Our data further suggests that, besides abolstered antioxidant status, improved freezing tolerance of Ca2+-fed seedlings may also be associated with reduced loss of Ca2+ from plasma membrane (due to lower abundance of leaked K+ in extra cellular spaces) as well as due to increased mechanical strength of cell wall as evident by cell wall augmentation.