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Passive Temperature Compensation Package for Optical Long Period Fiber Gratings
Lee, Sang-Mae,Gu, Xijia Optical Society of Korea 1999 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.2
We present a simple design rule for a passive temperature-compensating optical package. We also present experimentally that a package fabricated by using the design rule compensates the temperature dependence of the resonant wavelength of an optical long period fiber grating by varying the strain inside the fiber, The package fabricated in this work consists of two pieced of brass tube, 10 mm long, and a piece of nylon rod, 45.4 mm long. It is shown that the package can compensate the temperature-induce wavelength shifts of the long period grating to a range of 6.8 pm/$^{\circ}C$, compared with 0..48 nm/$^{\circ}C$ for an uncompensated grating. The reduced strength of the fiber caused by exposure to ultraviolet limits the performance of the package to the range operating temperature form -3 $^{\circ}C$ to 7$0^{\circ}C$.
Sang-Mae Lee,Saini, Simarjeet S,Myung-Yung Jeong IEEE 2010 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.22 No.19
<P>This study demonstrates simultaneous measurement of three parameters viz. refractive index of surrounding medium, temperature, and strain using etched-core fiber Bragg grating sensors. Simultaneous measurement is achieved by exciting higher order modes in the sensor using an asymmetric nonadiabatic taper and measuring difference in their Bragg wavelength shifts due to different parameters. In order to simultaneously measure three parameters, three different order modes were excited in the sensor. The ability to measure multiple parameters is useful in bio-chemical measurements as it allows us to compensate for the change in Bragg wavelength with respect to change in temperature or strain. Thus, the sensors do not need to be stabilized.</P>
Lee, Eun-Kyung,Kang, Chung-Gil,Lee, Sang-Mae 한국정밀공학회 2010 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.3
It's important to measure quantitative properties about the thermal-nano behavior of polymers in order to produce high quality components using the nanoimprint lithography process. Nanoscale indentation can be used to make the cells for molecular electronics, drug delivery, slots for integration into nanodevices and defects for tailoring both the structure and properties. In this study, the formability of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC) were characterized. Thermo-mechanical properties during formation at a high temperature. Polymers become softer at elevated temperature due to heating. In this case it is particularly important to study the high temperature-induced mechanical properties of the polymer. Nanoindentation was used to measure the thermo-mechanical properties of both PMMA and PC. The polymer was heated with the heating stage on a NanoXP. For a CSM (Continuous Stiffness Method) mode test, the heating temperature was 110oC,120oC, 130oC, 140oC and 150oC for the PMMA, and 140oC, 150oC, 160oC, 170oC and 180oC for the PC. The maximum indentation depth for this test was 2000 nm. For the basic mode test, the heating temperature was 90oC and 110oC for the PMMA, and 140oC and 160oC for the PC. The maximum loads for this test were 10 mN, 20 mN and 40 mN. An indented pattern was also observed by using AFM. The pile-up phenomenon was mitigated due to the indentation at elevated temperature but the sink-in phenomenon occurred in this instance. When patterning at a high temperature, one should consider the variation in the indentation profile and depth after unloading when designing a structure. It was thought that the mechanical properties decrease when the working temperature increases because PMMA and PC are thermoplastics which soften or melt by heating. Further research in this area is required about the molecular weight and molecular movement at elevated temperature when the free volume of molecules increases.
Lee, Yong-Wook,Kim, Eung-Soo,Shin, Bo-Sung,Lee, Sang-Mae The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.7 No.5
In this paper, a high-performance optical gating in a junction device based on a vanadium dioxide dioxide ($VO_2$) thin film grown by a sol-gel method was experimentally demonstrated by directly illuminating the $VO_2$ film of the device with an infrared light at ~1554.6 nm. The threshold voltage of the fabricated device could be tuned by ~76.8 % at an illumination power of ~39.8 mW resulting in a tuning efficiency of ~1.930 %/mW, which was ~4.9 times as large as that obtained in the previous device fabricated using the $VO_2$ thin film deposited by a pulsed laser deposition method. The rising and falling times of the optical gating operation were measured as ~50 ms and ~200 ms, respectively, which were ~20 times as rapid as those obtained in the previous device.
Hydrogen Sensor Based on Palladium-Attached Fiber Bragg Grating
Lee, Sang-Mae,Sirkis, Jim-S. Optical Society of Korea 1999 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.3 No.2
This paper demonstrated the performance of a palladium wire hydrogen sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating as a means of developing a quasi-distributed hydrogen sensor network capable of operating at cryogenic temperatures. The new approach employing a fiber Bragg grating based palladium hydrogen sensor described in this study is advantageous over other traditional hydrogen sensors because of the multiplexing capability of fiber Bragg gratings. The sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor at room temperature is approximately 2.5 times that of the hydrogen sensor at cryogenic temperatures.
Standardized Extract (HemoHIM) Ameliorated High Intensity Exercise Induced Fatigue in Mice
Lee, Hyun Jun,Kim, Sang Back,Boo, Kyung Jun,Ortiz, Darlene Mae,Sayson, Leandro Val,Custodio, Raly James Perez,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Kim, Seul Ki,Kim, Mikyung,Kim, Hee Jin The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 2022 Natural Product Sciences Vol.28 No.2
HemoHIM was used as a Korean traditional medicine for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, there is no study on the effect of HemoHIM on fatigue. We examined the potential use of HemoHIM to determine whether it can induce anti-fatigue effects. Mice were administered with HemoHIM and VEH for 14 days. On the last day of treatment, mice were subjected to behavioral tests. Subsequently, their plasma and muscle were collected after the treadmill test to measure lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ammonia, corticosterone, glycogen, and creatine kinase (CK). We found that HemoHIM moderately increased the running time (s) in the treadmill and mobility duration in the cold swimming tests. In addition, the VEH group showed a significant increase in lactate, LDH, and corticosterone levels in the plasma compared to the group that did not perform the test. However, this was moderately reduced in HemoHIM treatment. Moreover, the HemoHIM-treated group showed significant differences in LDH and glycogen levels, and showed significantly different CK levels in the muscle. HemoHIM is considered to be effective in improving fatigue, given the duration of cold swimming or running time on a treadmill. Also, HemoHIM treatment resulted in reduced concentrations of blood and muscle parameter analysis.
청소년의 스마트폰 과의존 완화를 위한 챗봇 상담 알고리즘 설계 및 유용성 검증
황매향(Mae?hyang Hwang),이원석(Won?suk Lee),황희산(Hee?san Hwang),박용성(Yong?sung Park),임영근(Young?keun Lim),전방연(Bang?yeon Jeon) 한국HCI학회 2021 한국HCI학회 논문지 Vol.16 No.4
이 연구는 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존을 억제하기 위한 기술적 방지책의 하나로 바람직한 스마트폰 습관 형성을 돕는 상담 챗봇 대화 시나리오와 스마트폰 어플리케이션을 개발하고, 상담자 역할을 하는 챗봇을 통한 직접 개입 프로그램의 유용성을 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 행동수정 이론을 기반으로 챗봇 시나리오를 개발하였다. 또한 챗봇 상담 시나리오를 구현할 스마트폰 앱을 개발하여 스마트폰 의존도 측정에서 기초선 측정, 목표설정 및 강화, 일일 점검 및 주간 점검 등의 다양한 방법을 통해 스마트폰 사용 시간을 줄일 수 있도록 하였다. 유용성 평가를 위해 한 광역시의 중고등학교 청소년 50명을 대상으로 2주간의 시범 운영 결과 스마트폰 과의존 자가진단척도 고위험군이 2명에서 1명으로 감소하였고, 잠재적 위험군이 26명에서 12명으로 감소하였으며, 전체적으로 스마트폰 과의 존 위험군 28명에서 13명으로 감소되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 기존의 청소년 유해 앱 차단, 사용시간 설정 후 잠금 기능 등 스마트폰 사용을 강제로 통제하여 스마트폰 사용시간을 조절하도록 하는 접근 방식에서 벗어나 스마트폰 내에서 사용 시간을 확인하고 행동수정 프로그램을 챗봇 형식으로 구현하여 긍정적인 변화를 유도할 수 있음에 시사하는 바가 크다. 추후 연구에서는 다양한 청소년 대상 상담 챗봇 시나리오 설계와 검증이 요구되며, 일상생활의 여러 영역에 적용 가능한 챗봇 개발이 필요할 것이다. This study aims to develop counseling chatbot conversation scenarios and smartphone applications that help to build desirable smartphone use habits as a technical preventive measure to alleviate youth"s addiction on smartphones, and to verify the effectiveness of intervention programs through chatbots as counselors. Firstly researchers developed chatbot scenarios based on behavioral modification. And a smartphone app was developed that can implement a chatbot counseling scenario so that smartphone use time can be reduced. The process consists of smartphone dependency measurement, base line measurement, goal setting, and daily and weekly monitoring with its reinforcement. A two-week trial of 50 middle and high school students in a metropolitan city for effectiveness assessment found that the number of high-risk smartphones on the self-diagnosis scale decreased from two to one, and that the number of potential risks decreased from 26 to 12, and overall from 28 to 13. This suggests that smartphone use time can be monitored and behavior modification programs can be implemented in the form of chatbots, which results in positive changes away from the existing approach of controlling smartphone use, such as blocking harmful apps and locking time. It is necessary to design and verify various counseling chatbot scenarios for adolescents and to develop chatbots applicable to various areas of daily life in the future.