한국의 축산물 물발자국 산정

이상현,최진용,유승환,김영득,신안국,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Choi, Jin-Yong,Yoo, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Young Deuk,Shin, Ankook 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.2

Since the consumption of the livestock products increased for the past 10 years in Korea, the water use for live animals has become more important in terms of water savings. Therefore, the index connecting water use and livestock products consumption should be required for sustainable water management, and water footprint concept could be suggested as the index. The aim of this study is to estimate the water footprint for livestock products; beef cattle, swine, and broiler chicken. The water footprint for livestock products is divided into direct and indirect water. The direct water includes the drinking and servicing water, and the indirect water includes the water for the cultivation of feed crops. The water footprint of beef cattle was calculated to $17,023.1m^3/ton$, and direct water was $91.2m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $16,931.9m^3/ton$. The water footprint of swine was calculated to $4,235.8m^3/ton$, and direct water was $129.7m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $4,106.0m^3/ton$. The water footprint of broiler chicken was calculated to $2,427.7m^3/ton$, and direct water was $7.6m^3/ton$, and indirect water was $2,420.1m^3/ton$. Also, we compared the water footprint to water demand of water vision 2020 which is the main report for national water management. The water vision 2020 reported only direct water for live animal, but the water footprint includes the direct and indirect water. Therefore, the water footprint could be applied to various fields relating water and food.

지패산(芷貝散)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효능(效能)에 대한 연구(硏究)

이상현,박찬기,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Park, Chan-Ki 대한한의학방제학회 2008 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.16 No.1

Although inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in host defense mechanism, these overproduction contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as otitis media, hearing loss, periodontitis, bacterial sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. We investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract from Ji-Pae-San(JPSWE) fomulated with Angelica dahurica plus Fritillaria Verticillata, Angelica dahurica(ADWE), and Fritillaria Verticillata(FUVE) in vitro and in vivo. Each extract inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators(NO, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$) and the expression of inducible NO synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were synergistically increased by their combination. JPSWE also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6. and $PGE_2$ production as well as COX activity in LPS-stimulated mice. Moreover, JPSWE significantly suppressed death by LPS-septic shock in mice(survival rate: 100%). These results suggest that Ji-Pae-San may be useful for therapeutic drugs against inflammatory immune diseases, probably by suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators.

식품 소비 및 칼로리 공급 변화에 따른 가상수 소비량의 변화 분석

이상현,최진용,유승환,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Choi, Jin-Yong,Yoo, Seung-Hwan 한국농공학회 2015 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.57 No.3

The agricultural water management generally has focused on water resources for crop production but it could be affected by the food consumption pattern. The aim of this study is to estimate virtual water consumption for food consumption and calorie supply using the water footprint and virtual water concept. In addition, we estimated the virtual water requirements for increasing the food and calorie self-sufficiency adjusted by the government for food security. About $330.0m^3/cap/yr$ of virtual water was consumed for the main foods consumption in 1985, and it was increased to $450.0m^3/cap/yr$ in 2010. The rate of virtual water consumption by meats consumption was 28 % in 1985 but it was increased to 54 % in 2010. In other words, the total virtual water consumption by foods consumption was increased from 1985 to 2010 with the high rate of meats consumption. The average $1.29m^3$ of virtual water was consumed for supplying 1 calorie per capita in 2010 but about $10.1m^3/cal$ of virtual water was consumed by only bovine meats consumption. The food self-sufficiency is the main factor for food security in Korea. About $46.5Mm^3$ and $393.9Mm^3$ of virtual water were required in order to increase the food and calorie self-sufficiency of wheat by 1 % individually. This study showed the water consumption was related to food consumption and calorie supply pattern, and these results could be used as the indices for the agricultural water management considering the change of eating habit and food security.

Bluetooth를 이용한 무선 헤드셋에 관한 연구

이상현,강순덕,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Kang Soon-Duk 한국정보기술전략혁신학회 2003 情報學硏究 Vol.6 No.4

We analyze specific supplementation direction(Efficiency, Isolation, convenience, synthesis, variety, security) about system vulnerabilities of the NEIS(National Education Information System) in this research. The efficiency constructs parallel security vulnerabilities diagnosis system NEIS which the security problem prevents and checks.

Er:YAG laser를 조사한 치근면의 변화에 관한 연구

이상현,김영준,정현주,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Young-Jun,Chung, Hyun-Ju 대한치주과학회 2002 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.32 No.2

This study was performed to evaluate the usability of Er:YAG laser for periodontal therapy. Forty dental root slabs ($5{\times}5{\times}2mm^3$) were prepared from human periodontally diseased extracted teeth and grouped into 4 groups: 1) control (root planing only), 2) root planing and irradiated with laser at 30mJ, 3) root planing and irradiated with laser at 60mJ, and 4) root planing and irradiated with laser at 100mJ. The root slabs were embedded in resin block before laser treatment. Er:YAG laser was irradiated under water irrigation with the tip held perpendicular to the root surface in contact mode. After Er:YAG laser irradiation or planing on the root surface, morphological changes have been observed under SEM, and the micro-hardness and Ca/P ratio were compared. 1. In the Control group, the root surface showed the directional change caused by root planing instrumentation, and the presence of smear layer, and no exposure of dentinal tubule was observed. Laser irradiated group showed surface changes with rough dentin surface of niche and depression and dentinal tubule exposure by the elimination of smear layer. 2. The micro-hardness of root surface in the laser irradiated group was higher than the control group. The higher energy output was applied, the higher micro-hardness on root surface was resulted. 3. The higher energy output was applied, the higher Ca/P ratio was observed. The higher Ca/P ratio in 60mJ group and 100mJ group was statistically significantly compared to the control group and the 30mJ group. These results suggest that Er:YAG laser irradiation on the periodontally diseased root surface could remove smear layer and increase the micro-hardness on root surface and Ca/P ratio which contribute to enhance the acid resistance of periodontally treated root surface.

비선형 구조물에 대한 수정 슬라이딩모드 제어알고리즘 성능 평가

이상현,Lee, Sang-Hyun 한국전산구조공학회 2007 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 수정 슬라이딩 모드제어기의 비선형 이력구조물의 지진응답 제어성능이 평가되었다. 수정 슬라이딩모드 제어는 제어력을 계산하기 위해 Lyapunov함수의 목표변화율을 이용하는 기법으로 기존 연구에서는 선형구조물에 대한 성능만이 조사되었다. 그러나 강진시 대부분의 구조물은 비선형 거동을 보인다는 점을 고려할 때 기존 연구의 결과는 실제 적용에 있어 제한점을 가지고 있다. Bouc-Wen 모델을 사용하여 구조물의 비선형 거동을 모델링 하였으며, 이력이선형 단자유도 구조물에 대한 통계해석과 비선형이력 면진구조물에 대한 해석결과는 제안된 수정 슬라이딩모드 제어알고리즘이 기존의 슬라이딩모드 제어기보다 우수한 성능을 가짐을 보여준다. In this study, the performance of the modified sliding mode control proposed in the previous study is evaluated for seismic response control of nonlinear hysteretic structures. Modified sliding mode control(MSMC) utilizes the target derivative of Lyapunov function in order to calculate control force, and its performance was evaluated only lot linear structures in the previous study. However, considering that most structures subject to strong earthquake show nonlinear hysteretic behivior, the results from the previous study have limitations in practical application. The results from numerical analyses of single degree of freedom systems and base isolated system, which were described using Bouc-Wen model, indicate that the proposed MSMC algorithm shows better control performance than the existing sliding mode controller.

지역 간 시계열 인구이동의 정량적 특징 분석 및 인구이동 네트워크의 연결중심성 분석

이상현,오윤경,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Oh, Yun-Gyeong 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.5

In this study, we visualized the regional migration in Korea from 2001 to 2015 using the Chord diagram which can represents amount of migration and flows at the same time. In addition, we constructed a migration network and analyzed the degree centrality of each region for identifying the main regions linking to various regions. In 2001~2005, most of population moved into Geonggi from various regions. However, the capital function was transferred to Sejong in 2011~2015, and population moving into Sejong and Chungnam was increased significantly. The main outflow of population in migration network were shown at the regions in Jeonbuk and Gyeongbuk province in 2001~2004, and recently the regions in Gyeongnam, Gyeonggi, and Seoul were identified as the main nodes in terms of outflow of population. We also focused on migration in rural area through degree centrality, and cord diagram in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam where include the representative crop area. In 2015. there was the significant increase of migration from Gyeonggi to Chungnam, and internal migration within Jeonbuk increased rather than cross-border migration. In addition, migration from Jeonam to capital area decreased in 2015 but migration among cities within Jeonman increased. In particular, Yesan-gun showed the significant migration to other cities in Jeonnam. Population is necessary to develop community and sustain economic growth in rural regions. Therefore, migration is important for the transfer of manpower. The strength of this study is to approach the temporal change of migration from the viewpoint on quantitative and structural characteristics.

아토피 피부염 치료 처방에 대한 방제학적(方劑學的) 고찰(考察)

이상현,윤용갑,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Yun, Yong-Gab 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2006 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

In Oriental Medicine, Atopic dermatitis(AD) belongs to the category of the Naseun, Taesun(胎癬), Taeryumchang(胎斂瘡), Eczema(濕疹), Seupchang(濕瘡), Samanpung(四彎風), Chimumchang(浸淫瘡). The Basic Prescriptions which have been used for treatment of Atopic dermatitis are saengryusamultang(生料四物湯), Onchungeum(溫淸飮), Seungmagalgeuntang(升麻葛根湯),Hoichunryangkyuksan(回春凉膈散), Doghengsan(導赤散), Pyungweesan(平胃散), Heungbangpaedoksan(荊防敗毒散), Goomigangharltang(九味羌活湯), Baekhotang(白虎湯), Gaegytang(桂枝湯), Yukmigihyuangtang(六味地黃湯). AD can divide three groups, Acute-Type, Semiacute-Type, Chronic-Type, according to it's condition. This study shows that it can be applicate Seungmagalgeuntang(升麻葛根湯), Hoichunryangkyuksan(回春凉膈散), Doghengsan(導赤散), Heungbangpaedoksan(荊防敗毒散), Goomigangharltang(九味羌活湯), Baekhotang(白虎湯), Gaegytang(桂枝湯) for treatment of Acute-Type, Pyungweesan(平胃散) for treatment of Semiacute-Type, and saengryusamultang(生料四物湯), Oncungeum(溫淸飮) for treatment fo Chronic-Type.

Sol-gel법에 의한 박막태양전지용 CuInS₂ 박막의 증착과 특성

이상현,이승엽,박병옥,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Seung-Yup,Park, Byung-Ok 한국결정성장학회 2011 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.21 No.4

박막 태양전지의 저가 고효율화를 실현하기 위해 넓은 면적의 기판 위에 코팅이 가능하며 진공의 유자가 필요 없기 때문에 장치가 간단하고 고순도의 균질한 박막을 얻을 수 있고 박막의 조성을 쉽게 조절할 수 있는 Sol-Gel법을 이용 하였다. Se보다 저가이며 독성이 없고 풍부한 원료인 S로 치환하여 사용하며 Cu/In비 값을 조절하고 tetragonal chalcopyrite $CuInS_2$의 열처리 온도에 따른 박막의 구조적, 광학적 특성에 미치는 변수들의 영향을 알아보았다. XRD pattern을 관찰한 결과 Cu/In비가 1.0일 때 $2{\theta}=27.9^{\circ}$에서 주피크가 가장 강하게 나타났으며 (112) 방향의 배향성을 가진 chalcopyrite상임을 확언 할 수 있었다. 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 (112) 면의 강도가 커지며 $500^{\circ}C$에서 열처리를 한 $CuInS_2$ 박막은 tetragonal 구조의 화학량론적 $CuInS_2$ 특징을 나타내고 본 실험의 샘플의 격자상수를 측정한 값이 a = 5.5032, c = 11.1064 ${\AA}$이며 JCPDS(Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards)에 보고된 데이터 a = 5.523, c = 11.14 ${\AA}$과 거의 일치하였다. 광학적 특성을 알아보기 위해 측정한 광투과율은 가시광선 영역(380~770 nm)에서 전체적으로 30% 이하로 나타났다. $CuInS_2$ thin films were prepared using a sol-gel spin-coating method. That makes large scale substrate coating, simple equipment, easy composition control available. The structural and optical properties of $CuInS_2$ thin films that include less toxic materials (S) instead of Se, tetragonal chalcopyrite structure. Copper acetate monohydrate ($Cu(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H2O$) and indium acetate ($In(CH_3COO)_3$) were dissolved into 2-propanol and l-propanol, respectively. The two solutions were mixed into a starting solution. The solution was dropped onto glass substrate, rotated at 3000 rpm, and dried at $300^{\circ}C$ for Cu-In as-grown films. The as-grown films were sulfurized inside a graphite container box and chalcopyrite phase of $CuInS_2$ was observed. To determine the optical properties measured optical transmittance of visible light region (380~770 nm) were less than 30 % in the overall. The XRD pattern shows that main peak was observed at Cu/In ratio 1.0 and its orientation was (112). As annealing temperature increases, the intensity of (112) plane increases. The unit cell constant are a = 5.5032 and c = 11.1064 $\AA$, and this was well matched with JCPDS card. The optical transmittance of visible region was below than 30 %.

四君子湯이 免疫機能에 미치는 影響

이상현,정명,임규상,윤용갑,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Jung, Myung,Lim, Kyu-Sang,Yun, Yong-Gab 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2015 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

Objectives : The extract of Sagunja-tang has been traditionally used for restorative treatment of constitutional weakness, vascular and immune disorder, and nervous disease in Oriental country. This study investigated the regulatory effects of Sagunja-tang on the expression, production, and activity of immune mediators.Methods : In this study, the extract of Sagunja-tang was prepared by extracting with distilled water at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 2.5h. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through 0.45${{\mu}m}$ filter. The extract was dissolved in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and filtered again through 0.45${{\mu}m}$ filter before use. The level of nitrite, an oxidative product of nitric oxide(NO) was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The levels of prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂), Th1 cytokines (IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2) and Th2 cytokines(IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Also examined the effects of the extract on T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells.Results : In this investigation, Production levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by treatment with the extract. I also found that the extract increased T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in a dose-dependent manner.Conculsions : These results suggest that the water extract of Sagunja-tang may be useful for a therapeutic drug against a sickly constitution and immune diseases, probably by regulating the production of immune mediators.