Hypoallergenic and Physicochemical Properties of the A2 β-Casein Fraction of Goat Milk

Tae-Hwan Jung,Hyo-Jeong Hwang,Sung-Seob Yun,Won-Jae Lee,Jin-Wook Kim,Ji-Yun Ahn,Woo-Min Jeon,Kyoung-Sik Han2.6* 한국축산식품학회 2017 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 β-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 β-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at 25°C). Selective reduction of β- lactoglobulin and αs-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 β-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 β-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 β-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 β-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 β-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 β-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

Antigenieity Study of CFA-001,Cefazolin,a Cephalosperin Derivative Produced by an Enzymatic Semisynthesis

Park, Jong Il,Han, sang seop,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Roh, Jung Koo,Kim, Hyoung Chin,Kim, Jeong Hwan,Jeon, Yeong Joong,Kim, Dal Hyun,Kim,Je Hak,Park, Kwan Ha 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.1

The antigenic potential of CFA-001, cefazolin, a cephalosporin derivative produced by an enzymatic semisynthesis, was determined in Hartley guinea pigs. A battery of tests employed consisted of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The results were as follows: 1) In ASA, no signs attributable to anaphylaxis was observed in guinea pigs sensitized with CFA-001, whereas OVA-sensitized animals induced severe anaphylactic symptoms; 2) guinea pigs did not produce antibodies against CFA-001 when sensitized with or without Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in homologous PCA tests. Meanwhile, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) were clearly detected; 3) No CFA-001-specific hemagglutination was observed in the IHA using sera obtained from CFA-001-sensitized guinea pigs. These results suggest that CFA-001 has no antigenicity potential in guinea pigs.

Synthesis of Nano-Polycrystalline Synroc-B Powders as a High Level Radioactive Wastes Ceramic Forms by a Solution Combustion Synthesis

Han, Young-Min,Lee, Sang-Jin,Kim, Yeon-Ku,Jung, Choong-Hwan American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.16 No.2

<P>Synroc (Synthetic Rock) consists of four main titanate phases: peroveskite (CaTiO3), zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), hollandite (BaAl2Ti6O16) and rutile (TiO2). Nano-polycrystalline synroc powders were made by a synthesis combustion process. The combustion process, an externally initiated reaction is self-sustained owing to the exothermic reaction. A significant volume of gas is evolved during the combustion reaction and leads to loosely agglomerated powders. This exothermic reaction provides necessary heat to further carry the reaction in forward direction to produce nanocrystalline powders as the final product. Glycine is used as a fuel, being oxidized by nitrate ions. It is inexpensive, has high energy efficiency, fast heating rates, short reaction times and high compositional homogeneity. In this study, combustion synthesis of nano-sized synroc-B powder is introduced. The fabrication of synroc-B powder result of observation XRD were prepared for polycrystalline (perovskite, zirconolite, hollandite, rutile) structures. The characterization of the synthesized powders is conducted by using XRD, SEM/EDS and TEM.</P>

Lanthanide complexes embedded in silicone resin as a spectral converter for solar cells

Han, Jae Hyun,Lee, Sung-Hwan,Ju, Byeong-Kwon,Yoo, Bok-Ryul,Cho, So-Hye,Han, Joon Soo Springer-Verlag 2018 Research on chemical intermediates Vol.44 No.8

C-Met-Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Rescue Ischemic Damage via Interaction with Cellular Prion Protein

Han, Yong-Seok,Yun, Seung Pil,Lee, Jun Hee,Kwon, Seung-Hwan,Kim, SangMin,Hur, Jin,Lee, Sang Hun S. Karger AG 2018 CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Vol.46 No.5

<P><B><I>Background/Aims:</I></B> Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, but the exact mechanisms by which stem cells exposed to hypoxic conditions increase the survival rate and rescue ischemic injury at the graft site are not well known. In this study, we aimed to determine if c-Met-activated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pre-exposed to hypoxia promote therapeutic efficacy when transplanted to ischemic models, and whether c-Met interacts with cellular prion protein (PrP<SUP>C</SUP>) present in the ischemic tissue. <B><I>Methods:</I></B> Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of PrP<SUP>C</SUP>, C-caspase-3, and C-PARP-1, as well as the phosphorylation of Akt, p38, JNK, and BAX. A co-immunoprecipitation assay was performed to show that PrP<SUP>C</SUP> binds with c-Met <I>in vitro</I>. An adhesion assay was performed to explore the alterations in MSCs attached to myoblasts (<I>in vitro</I>), and an invasion assay was performed to determine the effect on MSC invasion capacity upon interaction with myoblast-induced c-Met and PrP<SUP>C</SUP>. CD31-positive capillaries and αSMA-positive arterioles in <I>in vivo</I> hindlimb ischemic tissue were quantified by immunofluorescence staining. The level of apoptosis in the tissue of each group was assessed by quantifying the number of C-caspase-3-positive cells. Finally, laser Doppler technology was utilized to detect the enhanced angiogenic effects <I>in vivo</I>. <B><I>Results:</I></B> We showed that hypoxic conditions increased PrP<SUP>C</SUP> levels <I>in vivo</I> (hindlimb ischemic tissue) and <I>in vitro</I> (myoblasts) and increased c-Met levels in MSCs. To identify the relationship between c-Met from MSCs and PrP<SUP>C</SUP> from myoblasts, we used a co-culturing system with myoblasts and MSCs pre-exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Transplantation of hypoxia-pre-exposed MSCs to the ischemic site increased anti-apoptosis and enhanced the survival and proliferation of transplanted MSCs in a murine hindlimb model, resulting in improved functional recovery of the ischemic tissue. All the aforementioned effects were inhibited by the pretreatment of MSCs with the c-Met-neutralizing antibody <B><I>Conclusion:</I></B> c-Met-activated MSCs pre-exposed to hypoxia interact with PrP<SUP>C</SUP> at the site of ischemic injury to increase the efficiency of MSC transplantation. Hence, our study demonstrated that c-Met is a potential target for MSC-based therapies.</P>

Horizontal-to-Vertical Transition of 2D Layer Orientation in Low-Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition-Grown PtSe₂ and Its Influences on Electrical Properties and Device Applications

Han, Sang Sub,Kim, Jong Hun,Noh, Chanwoo,Kim, Jung Han,Ji, Eunji,Kwon, Junyoung,Yu, Seung Min,Ko, Tae-Jun,Okogbue, Emmanuel,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Chung, Hee-Suk,Jung, YounJoon,Lee, Gwan-Hyoung,Jung, Yeonwoong American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.14

<P>Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) in the form of MX<SUB>2</SUB> (M: transition metal, X: chalcogen) exhibit intrinsically anisotropic layered crystallinity wherein their material properties are determined by constituting M and X elements. 2D platinum diselenide (2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB>) is a relatively unexplored class of 2D TMDs with noble-metal Pt as M, offering distinct advantages over conventional 2D TMDs such as higher carrier mobility and lower growth temperatures. Despite the projected promise, much of its fundamental structural and electrical properties and their interrelation have not been clarified, and so its full technological potential remains mostly unexplored. In this work, we investigate the structural evolution of large-area chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers of tailored morphology and clarify its influence on resulting electrical properties. Specifically, we unveil the coupled transition of structural-electrical properties in 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers grown at a low temperature (i.e., 400 °C). The layer orientation of 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> grown by the CVD selenization of seed Pt films exhibits horizontal-to-vertical transition with increasing Pt thickness. While vertically aligned 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers present metallic transports, field-effect-transistor gate responses were observed with thin horizontally aligned 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers prepared with Pt of small thickness. Density functional theory calculation identifies the electronic structures of 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers undergoing the transition of horizontal-to-vertical layer orientation, further confirming the presence of this uniquely coupled structural-electrical transition. The advantage of low-temperature growth was further demonstrated by directly growing 2D PtSe<SUB>2</SUB> layers of controlled orientation on polyimide polymeric substrates and fabricating their Kirigami structures, further strengthening the application potential of this material. Discussions on the growth mechanism behind the horizontal-to-vertical 2D layer transition are also presented.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Atypical chemokine receptors 1, 2, 3 and 4: Expression and regulation in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and with somatic cell nucleus transfer–cloned embryos in pigs

Han, Jisoo,Yoo, Inkyu,Lee, Soohyung,Jung, Wonchul,Kim, Hyun Jong,Hyun, Sang-Hwan,Lee, Eunsong,Ka, Hakhyun Elsevier 2019 Theriogenology Vol.129 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) 1, ACKR2, ACKR3, and ACKR4, chemokine decoy receptors that lack G-protein-mediated signaling pathways, internalize and degrade chemokines to control their availability and function. Chemokines play important roles in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, but the expression and regulation of ACKRs have not been determined in pigs. Therefore, we examined the expression of <I>ACKRs</I> in the endometrium throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy and in conceptus tissues in pigs. <I>ACKR1</I>, <I>ACKR2</I>, <I>ACKR3</I>, and <I>ACKR4</I> mRNA was expressed in the endometrium, with higher levels of <I>ACKR3</I> on day 12 of the estrous cycle than in pregnancy and higher levels of <I>ACKR4</I> on day 15 of pregnancy than in the estrous cycle. <I>ACKR1</I>, <I>ACKR2</I>, and <I>ACKR3</I>, but not <I>ACKR4</I>, mRNA was detected in conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. <I>ACKR2</I> and <I>ACKR3</I> mRNA and ACKR4 protein were mainly localized to luminal epithelial cells and weakly to glandular epithelial cells in the endometrium. Increasing doses of progesterone increased the expression of <I>ACKR2</I> and <I>ACKR4</I> and decreased the expression of <I>ACKR3</I> in endometrial tissues. On day 12 of pregnancy, the expression of <I>ACKR4</I> mRNA was lower in the endometria of gilts with somatic cell nucleus transfer–derived conceptuses than in the endometria of gilts carrying conceptuses derived from natural mating. These results indicate that the expression of <I>ACKRs</I> is dynamically regulated at the maternal–conceptus interface, suggesting that ACKR proteins might play critical roles in regulating endometrial chemokines to support the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>ACKR1</I>, <I>ACKR2</I>, <I>ACKR3</I>, and <I>ACKR4</I> mRNAs are expressed in the endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in a stage-dependent manner. </LI> <LI> <I>ACKR1</I>, <I>ACKR2</I>, and <I>ACKR3</I> mRNAs are expressed in conceptus tissues during pregnancy. </LI> <LI> <I>ACKR2</I> and <I>ACKR3</I> mRNAs and ACKR4 protein are localized mainly to epithelial cells in the endometrium. </LI> <LI> Progesterone regulates the expression of <I>ACKR2</I>, <I>ACKR3</I>, and <I>ACKR4</I> mRNAs in endometrial tissues. </LI> <LI> <I>ACKR4</I> mRNA is aberrantly expressed in the endometrium of gilts carrying SCNT-derived conceptuses at the time of implantation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Respiratory Outcomes at 12 Months of Corrected Age of Preterm Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Requiring Protracted Invasive Ventilation

( Sung Hwan Choi ),( Seung Han Shin ),( Ee-kyung Kim ),( Han-suk Kim ) 대한주산의학회 2019 Perinatology Vol.30 No.1

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who needed invasive ventilation until 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Methods: A retrospective observational single-center study was conducted in our hospital. Eighty preterm infants born between January 2007 and December 2016 with less than 28 weeks’ gestational age and classified as having severe BPD were included in the study. Patients with invasive ventilation at 36 weeks’ PMA (invasive group) were compared with those with noninvasive ventilation (noninvasive group) in terms of perinatal characteristics and postnatal outcomes. Results: Antenatal characteristics and basic patient characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage (13.6 vs. 1.7%, P=0.061) and clinical sepsis (66.7 vs. 31.0%, P=0.004) was more in the invasive group. Invasive group had longer hospital stay (133.50± 104.52 vs. 114.00±24.71 days, P=0.031), higher rates of readmission due to respiratory problems before 12 months of corrected age (57.1 vs. 32.1%, P=0.045), higher rates of having a tracheostomy (22.7 vs. 1.7%, P=0.005), and higher rates of infants with respiratory support at a corrected age of 6 months (22.7 vs. 3.5%, P=0.016). Neurodevelopmental outcomes including Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III, cerebral palsy, hearing aid, blindness, and composite outcome of them revealed no differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Invasive ventilation until postmenstrual age of 36 weeks does not predict poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with severe BPD. However, the invasive group was more prone to develop respiratory problems after discharge.

Expression and regulation of inhibitor of DNA binding proteins <i>ID1</i>, <i>ID2</i>, <i>ID3</i>, and <i>ID4</i> at the maternal-conceptus interface in pigs

Han, Jisoo,Seo, Heewon,Choi, Yohan,Lee, Choongdeok,Kim, Meong Il,Jeon, Yubyeol,Lee, Joohyeong,Hong, Minsun,Hyun, Sang-Hwan,Lee, Eunsong,Ka, Hakhyun Elsevier 2018 Theriogenology Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins, ID1, ID2, ID3, and ID4 are transcriptional regulators that have a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain but not a basic DNA binding domain. ID proteins inhibit the functions of basic HLH transcription factors and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the expression and function of <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, <I>ID3</I>, and <I>ID4</I> at the maternal-conceptus interface are not fully understood in pigs. Therefore, we determined the expressions of <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, <I>ID3</I>, and <I>ID4</I> in porcine endometrium, conceptus, and chorioallantoic tissues. <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, <I>ID3</I>, and <I>ID4</I> mRNAs were expressed in the endometrium, with lower levels of <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, and <I>ID4</I> on Day 12 of pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, <I>ID3</I>, and <I>ID4</I> mRNAs were also detected in conceptus and chorioallantoic tissues during pregnancy. ID2 protein was mainly localized to luminal epithelia and weakly to vascular smooth muscle cells in the endometrium and conceptus trophectoderm. Increasing doses of interleukin-1β decreased levels of <I>ID2</I> mRNA, while estradiol-17β increased levels of <I>ID3</I> mRNA in endometrial explants. The expressions of <I>ID2</I> and <I>ID4</I> mRNAs were higher in endometria from gilts with somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived conceptuses compared with endometria from gilts carrying conceptuses derived from natural mating on Day 12. These results indicate that the expressions of ID family genes are dynamically regulated at the maternal-conceptus interface, suggesting that ID proteins may play critical roles in the regulation of endometrial epithelial cell function and conceptus development to support the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>ID1</I>, <I>ID2</I>, <I>ID3</I>, and <I>ID4</I> expression in porcine uterine endometrium is pregnancy status- and stage-specific. </LI> <LI> ID2 protein is detected primarily in endometrial LE cells. </LI> <LI> IL1B decreases the expression of <I>ID2</I> mRNA in endometrial tissues. </LI> <LI> The expressions of <I>ID2</I> and <I>ID4</I> mRNAs increase in endometria of gilts with SCNT-derived conceptuses. </LI> </UL> </P>

The effect of injection rate on etomidate-induced myoclonus

Sang Hwan Do,Sung Hee Han,Sang Hyun Park,Jin Hee Kim,Jin Young Hwang,Il Soon Son,Min Seok Kim 대한마취과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.55 No.3