A discourse based approach in text-based machine translation

Sana Ullah,M.A. Khan,Kyung Sup Kwak 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7

This paper presents a theoretical research based approach to ellipsis resolution in machine translation. Moreover, the formula of discourse is applied in order to resolve ellipses. The validity of the discourse formula is analyzed by applying it to the real world text i.e. newspaper fragments. The source text is converted into mono-sentential discourses where complex discourses require further dissection either directly into primitive discourses or first into compound discourses and later into primitive ones. The procedure of dissection needs further improvement i.e. discovering as many primitive discourse forms as possible. This work is further improvement to the concepts presented by Khan (Khan, 1995). Likewise, an attempt has been made to investigate new primitive discourses i.e. patterns from the given text.

Throughput Evaluation of IEEE 802.15.3 and IEEE 802.15.4 for Body Sensor Network

Sana Ullah,S.M.Riazul Islam,Pervez Khan,Kyung Sup Kwak 한국통신학회 2008 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

UAV-enabled healthcare architecture: Issues and challenges

Ullah, Sana,Kim, Ki-Il,Kim, Kyong Hoon,Imran, Muhammad,Khan, Pervez,Tovar, Eduardo,Ali, Farman North-Holland 2019 Future generations computer systems Vol.97 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have great potential to revolutionize the future of automotive, energy, and healthcare sectors by working as wireless relays to improve connectivity with ground networks. They are able to collect and process real-time information by connecting existing network infrastructures including Internet of Medical Things (e.g., Body Area Networks (BANs)) and Internet of Vehicles with clouds or remote servers. In this article, we advocate and promote the notion of employing UAVs as data collectors. To demonstrate practicality of the idea, we propose a UAV-based architecture to communicate with BANs in a reliable and power-efficient manner. The proposed architecture adopts the concept of wakeup-radio based communication between a UAV and multiple BANs. We analyze the performance of the proposed protocol in terms of throughput and delay by allocating different priorities to the hubs or gateways. The proposed architecture may be useful in remote or disaster areas, where BANs have poor or no access to conventional wireless communication infrastructure, and may even assist vehicular networks by monitoring driver’s physiological conditions through BANs. We further highlight open research issues and challenges that are important for developing efficient protocols for UAV-based data collection in smart healthcare systems.</P>

Nanofibers Based Reusable Facemasks for Efficient Protection against Coronavirus

Sana Ullah,Ick Soo Kim 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2

Shortage of face masks has been critical concern since the emergence of coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19). In this work, we compared the melt-blown (MB) filter, which is commonly used for the N95 face mask, with nanofiber (NF) filter, which is gradually used as an effective mask filter, to evaluate their reusability. Extensive characterizations were performed repeatedly to evaluate some performance parameters, which include filtration efficiency, airflow rate, and surface and morphological properties, after two types of cleaning treatments. In the first cleaning type, samples were dipped in 75% ethanol for a predetermined duration. In the second cleaning type, 75% ethanol was sprayed on samples. It was found that filtration efficiency of MB filter was significantly dropped after treatment with ethanol, while the NF filter exhibited consistent high filtration efficiency regardless of cleaning types. In addition, the NF filter showed better cytocompatibility than that of the MB filter, demonstrating its harmlessness on the human body. Regardless of ethanol treatments, surfaces of both filter types maintained hydrophobicity, which can sufficiently prevent wetting by moisture and saliva splash to prohibit not only pathogen transmission, but also bacterial growth inside. Based on these comparative evaluations, it is highly recommended the wider use of the NF filter for face mask applications, which can be reused multiple times with robust filtration efficiency. It would be greatly helpful to solve the current shortage issue of facemasks and significantly improve safety for front line fighters against coronavirus disease.

Evaluation of Implant Communication with Polarisation and Unslotted CSMA/CA Protocol in Wireless Body Area Networks

Ullah, Sana,Saleem, Shahnaz,Higgins, Henry,Ullah, Niamat,Zhong, Yingji,Kwak, Kyung Sup Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Net Vol.2010 No.-

<P>The performance of the implant inside a human body with polarisation, distance, and different power settings at the base-station is presented. In addition, the unslotted CSMA/CA protocol is studied for a heterogeneous WBAN.</P>

Optimal strategy to deal with decision making problems in machine tools remanufacturing

Ullah, Sahar M. Sana,Muhammad, Imran,Ko, Tae Jo SPRINGER 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRECISION ENGINEERING AND Vol.3 No.1

On the implant communication and MAC protocols for WBAN

Ullah, Sana,Higgins, Henry,Shen, Bin,Kwak, Kyung Sup John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2010 International Journal of Communication Systems Vol.23 No.8

<P>Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems, wireless communication, low-power intelligent sensors, and semiconductor technologies have allowed the realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN). A WBAN provides unobtrusive health monitoring for a long period of time with real-time updates to the physician. It is widely used for ubiquitous health care, entertainment, and military applications. The implantable and wearable medical devices have several critical requirements such as power consumption, data rate, size, and low-power medium access control (MAC) protocols. This article consists of two parts: body implant communication, which is concerned with the communication to and from a human body using radio frequency (RF) technology, and WBAN MAC protocols, which presents several low-power MAC protocols for a WBAN with useful guidelines including a case study of IEEE 802.15.4, PB-TDMA, and SMAC protocols. In body implant communication, the in-body RF performance is affected considerably by the implant's depth and different polarization combinations inside the human body as well as by the muscle and fat. We observe best performance at a depth of 3 to 5 cm and not close to the human skin. Furthermore, the study of low-power MAC protocols highlights the most important aspects of developing a novel low-power and reliable MAC protocol for a WBAN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>This paper presents a comprehensive study on the performance of RF communication to/from a human body and low-power MAC protocols for a WBAN including a case study of IEEE 802.15.4, PB-TDMA, and SMAC protocols. It can be seen that in-body RF performance is considerably affected by the implant's depth and different polarization combinations. In addition, the study of low-power MAC protocols highlights the most important aspects of developing a novel and reliable MAC protocol for a WBAN. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. <img src='wiley_img_2010/10745351-2010-23-8-DAC1100-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/10745351-2010-23-8-DAC1100-gra001'> </P>

On PHY and MAC Performance in Body Sensor Networks

Ullah, Sana,Higgins, Henry,Islam, S. M. Riazul,Khan, Pervez,Kwak, Kyung Sup Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2009 Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Net Vol.2009 No.-

<P>This paper presents an empirical investigation on the performance of body implant communication using radio frequency (RF) technology. In body implant communication, the electrical properties of the body influence the signal propagation in several ways. We use a Perspex body model (30 cm diameter, 80 cm height and 0.5 cm thickness) filled with a liquid that mimics the electrical properties of the basic body tissues. This model is used to observe the effects of body tissue on the RF communication. We observe best performance at 3cm depth inside the liquid. We further present a simulation study of several low-power MAC protocols for an on-body sensor network and discuss the derived results. Also, the traditional preamble-based TMDA protocol is extended towards a beacon-based TDMA protocol in order to avoid preamble collision and to ensure low-power communication.</P>

Recent Advances in Pre-harvest, Post-harvest, Intelligent, Smart, Active, and Multifunctional Food Packaging

Sana Ullah,Motahira Hashmi,Jungsoon Lee,Ji Ho Youk,Ick Soo Kim 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.8

Food is one of the key elements for survival of human beings. Preservation and quality assurance of food isnecessary to meet the food demand in current era. Food protection is important at every step including pre-harvest, postharvest,transportation, storage room and market shelves to get the good quality with enhanced shelf life. This review coversfood packaging at pre-harvest and post-harvest level, types of food packaging (including active, intelligent and smart foodpackaging) and how to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of food using active food packaging. Nanotechnology is one the advanced technologies serving in food preservation, detailed advancements in nanotechnologybased food packaging have also been summarized in this review. Overall, this review covers recent advances in foodpackaging including pre-harvest, post-harvest, intelligent, smart, active, and multifunctional food packaging.

Throughput and delay limits of chirp spread spectrum‐based IEEE 802.15.4a

Ullah, Niamat,Sanaullah Chowdhury, M.,Khan, Pervez,Ullah, Sana,Kwak, Kyung Sup Wiley 2012 International Journal of Communication Systems Vol. No.

<P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P>The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is designed to provide a low‐power, low data rate protocol offering a high reliability. As an amendment to this standard, IEEE 802.15.4a introduces new options for physical layer to enable precision ranging. In this work, we analyzed the theoretical throughput and delay bounds of the unslotted version of chirp spread spectrum PHY‐based 802.15.4a. The formulae for transmission between one sender and one receiver for an ideal channel with no transmission errors are given. The throughput and delay bounds are derived for different frequency bands and data rates. Additionally, to measure spectral utilization, we measured the bandwidth efficiency for both the standards. We also compared our results with IEEE 802.15.4. The comparative analysis concludes that the performance of 802.15.4a exceeds 802.15.4 in terms of throughput and delay. The analytical results of throughput are verified by computer simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>