Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana Linn. aerial parts

Kishore Kumar Sarkar,Trina Mitra,Rabindra Nath Acharyya,Samir Kumar Sadhu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.1

The present study was designed to investigate different phytochemical groups present in ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana aerial parts (EAMA) as well as to assess the analgesic, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of EAMA. Moreover, peripheral and central analgesic activities were evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking test, tail immersion test and hot plate test. In vivo castor oil-induced diarrheal model and magnesium sulphate induced diarrheal model in mice were utilized for the assessment of antidiarrheal activity. Again, antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay. Anthelmintic activity was carried out on Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda). Cytotoxic activity was assessed through brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides and gums in phytochemical screening. In case of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking test, both lower and higher doses of EAMA showed significant percentage inhibition of writhing as well as paw licking respectively (*P < 0.05, vs. control). EAMA at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg revealed significant latency response (*P < 0.05, vs. control) in delayed phase in both tail immersion as well as hot plate test. Moreover, significant percentage inhibition (*P < 0.05, vs. control) of diarrhea was exposed by both doses of EAMA in in vivo diarrheal models. In disc diffusion assay, EAMA showed antibacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Again, the extract exhibited anthelmintic and cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner.

Comparative pharmacologic profiles of leaves and hypocotyls of a mangrove plant: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

Mimi Golder,Samir Kumar Sadhu,Biswajit Biswas,Tannami Islam 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2020 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.20 No.3

Ethanolic extracts of leaves and hypocotyls of a mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Family Rhizophoraceae), were investigated to identify the presence of different phytochemicals and to assess the antihyperglycemic, antidiarrheal, analgesic and antioxidative activity in the current study. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to investigate the in vivo antihyperglycemic activity and leaves extract (LE) was found to possess significant antihyperglycemic property compared to hypocotyl extract (HE). Therefore, the leaves extract was considered for α-Glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity test and substantial α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory property was observed with an IC50 (concentration required to inhibit 50% enzyme) value of 2.670. Antioxidative activity of plant extracts was tested in vitro by evaluating their ability to scavenge DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical as well as superoxide anions. In all cases, LE showed greater activity than HE. In addition, LE demonstrated higher amount of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins indicating higher antioxidant effect compared to HE. For the evaluation of antidiarrheal effect in castor oil induced diarrheal mice, both extracts showed significant inhibition of defecation at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Finally, for acetic acid-induced writhing method to evaluate the analgesic activity, significant percentage inhibition of writhing (P < 0.05 vs. control) was observed for both extracts at lower and higher doses. Altogether, these studies justified the plant’s usage in folklore medication.

Brain Tumor Classification using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System from MRI

Sudipta Roy,Shayak Sadhu,Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay,Debnath Bhattacharyya,Tai-Hoon Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.3

Detecting correct type of brain tumor is a crucial task for diagnosis and curing the tumor. Identifying the correct type of brain tumor can provide a fast and effective way to plan the diagnosis of tumor. The proposed system provides a fast and efficient way to identify the correct type of tumor and classify it to the respective class label. Our proposed system is comprised of multiple stages. In the first stage MRI image is taken as input and is normalized. The second stage includes extraction of feature vectors from the image which results in reducing redundancy of data and will serve as the input to the classifier. The classifier takes each tuple of feature extracted vector to produce classified output. Performance analysis shows that our proposed methodology has performed very efficiently and accurately. In our work we demonstrate the application of Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) based classifier known as Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to successfully classify the input tuples in comparison to other two selected classifiers namely: Artificial Neural Network with Backpropagation Learning Model and K-Nearest Neighbors.

Evaluation of phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of $Commelina$ $diffusa$ Burm. f.

Khan, Md. Ahad Ali,Islam, Md. Torequl,Sadhu, Samir Kumar 경희한의학연구센터 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

Evaluation of phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of Commelina diffusa Burm. f.

Ahad Ali Khan,Torequl Islam,Samir Kumar Sadhu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2011 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.11 No.4

The results revealed that different fractions of Commelina diffusa Burm. f. produced significant (p<0.001,p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.02 and p<0.5) inhibitory activity against the test bacteria and fungi. Methanolic fraction produced the highest zone of inhibition against the test bacteria (11 to 19 mm) which was followed by diethyl etheric extract (3 to 9 mm) and petroleum etheric extract (1 to 2 mm). Again, the methanolic extract showed the highest activity (the lowest MICs; 15.62 to 62.5 μg/μl) against seven species among the 11. In case of diethyl etheric and petroleum etheric fractions MICs were found to be (15.62 to 125 μg/μl)and (31.25 to 500 μg/μl), respectively. The diethyl etheric fraction showed the highest zone of inhibition against the fungi (15 to 19 mm) which was followed by methanolic extract (12 to 19 mm) and petroleum etheric extract (1 to 9 mm). Against the fungi the diethyl etheric extract showed the highest activity (i.e. the lowest MICs; 15.62 to 31.25 μg/μl). In case of methanolic and petroleum etheric fractions minimum inhibitory concentrations were found to be (15.62 to 125 μg/μl)and (31.25 to 250 μg/μl), respectively.

Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component

Hasan, Md Shihab,Ahmed, Md Iqbal,Mondal, Sukla,Masud, Mohammad Methedi,Sadhu, Samir Kumar,Ishibashi, Masami,Uddin, Shaikh Jamal Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.4

Plants have been used in traditional medicinal system for centuries. Bangladeshi medicinal plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity. As a part of our ongoing research of screening the Bangladeshi medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata have been chosen for the present study. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant have been assessed for their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and general toxicity. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}5.1{\mu}g/ml$) using DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is comparable to the standard ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}4.6{\mu}g/ml$). The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (71.2%, P < 0.001 and 28.0%, P < 0.05 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). A general toxicity was assessed by a simple and low cost assay using brine shrimp lethality as an indicator. The extract showed low level of toxicity ($LC_{50}100{\mu}g/ml$). Using different chromatographic techniques, quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside) was separated as the major component from the extract. The structure was elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral analysis.

In silico profiling of analgesic, antidiarrheal and antihyperglycemic properties of Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) leaves extract supported by in vivo studies

Md. Naharul Islam,Hiron Saraj Devnath,Maisha Maliha Medha,Ritu Porna Biswas,Nripendra Nath Biswas,Biswajit Biswas,Samir Kumar Sadhu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.3

Hill tract plant Tetrastigma bracteolatum (Wall.) (Family-Vitaceae) is traditionally used for headache, indigestion and stomach disorder by the tribal people in Bangladesh. In this study, the ethanolic leaves extract of TB was investigated for screening its phytochemical constituents and assessing the antioxidant, analgesic, antidiarrheal and antihyperglycemic potential. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the extract showed good radical scavenging potential with SC50 (concentration for 50% scavenging) value of 56 µg/ml. Analgesic activity test was performed by acetic acid-induced writhing method, where the extract inhibited writhing by 28.8% and 51.5% at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw, respectively. The extract inhibited defecation by 36.2% and 60.3% at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw in castor oil-induced diarrheal mice. In the evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the extract reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner after 90 min, compared to the control group. The extract was also assessed for its in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition capacity but no demonstrable efect was observed. Fourteen chemical compounds were identifed through GC–MS analysis of the extract with the highest amount of 1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,9,12,12a-decahydro-1,4-methanobenzocyclodecene (5.46%). Few compounds displayed better binding afnity with the active site of NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and sulfonylurea receptor than standard drugs in molecular docking studies. Therefore, the extract of TB may be used as a potential source of drug leads for various ailments.