Silymarin attenuates escitalopram (cipralex) induced pancreatic injury in adult male albino rats: a biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical approach

Rasha Mamdouh Salama(Rasha Mamdouh Salama ),Sara Gamal Tayel(Sara Gamal Tayel ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

Depression is a prevalent global problem since ages, predominately treated with SSRI. Cipralex, is an antidepressant of the SSRIs class used as a remedy for mood, depression and anxiety. Silymarin (SIL), a natural free radical scavenging, has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This hypothesis evaluates, for the first time, the role of cipralex on the structure of the endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas and assess the beneficial effects of SIL on these changes. Forty-five rats were divided into control, cipralex, and cipralex plus SIL groups. During sacrifice, all rats and pancreases were weighed and the ratio of pancreatic weight (PW) to rat weight (RW) was calculated, blood samples were collected to estimate fasting glucose, insulin and amylase levels, the specimens were prepared for histological, immunohistochemical (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], caspase 3, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and anti-insulin antibody), and morphometrical studies. Cipralex group exhibited marked destruction of the pancreatic architecture of the exocrine and endocrine parts, with a dense collagen fiber deposition. Also, there is highly significant decrease (P<0.001) of PW/RT ratio, insulin, and amylase levels, the number and diameter of islets of Langerhans, the number of PCNA positive immunoreactive cells, and the number of insulin positive β-cells. Furthermore, a highly significant increase of glucose level, iNOS, TNF-α, and caspase-3 positive immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans and acinar cells were observed. SIL improves the pancreatic histological architecture, weight loss, biochemical, and immunohistochemical analyses. Administering SIL is advantageous in managing cipralex induced pancreatic injury via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic qualities.

Enhancement of microalgae growth and fatty acid content under the influence of phytohormones

Salama, E.S.,Kabra, A.N.,Ji, M.K.,Kim, J.R.,Min, B.,Jeon, B.H. Elsevier Applied Science 2014 Bioresource technology Vol.172 No.-

The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus improved with increase in phytohormones concentrations (10<SUP>-8</SUP>-10<SUP>-5</SUP>M). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supported the maximum growth at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M with 17.7x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and total fatty acid of 97.9mg/g-DCW, enhancing the growth by 1.9-fold compared to control (9.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL). While 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of a newly discovered phytohormone Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) demonstrated a 2.5-fold higher growth with 23.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and a total fatty acid content of 100mg/g-DCW. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid content increased up to 56% and 59% at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The highest carbohydrate content (33% and 34%) achieved at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. While, the highest protein content (34% and 35%) obtained at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The current investigation demonstrates that phytohormones accelerate microalgal growth and induce the quality and quantity of fatty acid content for biodiesel production.

The effects of salinity on the growth and biochemical properties of Chlamydomonas mexicana GU732420 cultivated in municipal wastewater

Salama, El-Sayed,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Jung Rae,Lee, Sangho,Kim, Seong-Heon,Oh, Sang-Eun,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Jeon, Byong-Hun Taylor Francis 2014 Environmental Technology Vol.35 No.12

ASYMPTOTIC-NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SINGULARLY PERTURBED DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS OF MIXED-TYPE

SALAMA, A.A.,AL-AMERY, D.G. The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2015 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.33 No.5

A computational method for solving singularly perturbed boundary value problem of differential equation with shift arguments of mixed type is presented. When shift arguments are sufficiently small (o(ε)), most of the existing method in the literature used Taylor's expansion to approximate the shift term. This procedure may lead to a bad approximation when the delay argument is of O(ε). The main idea for this work is to deal with constant shift arguments, which are independent of ε. In the present method, we construct the formally asymptotic solution of the problem using the method of composite expansion. The reduced problem is solved numerically by using operator compact implicit method, and the second problem is solved analytically. Error estimate is derived by using the maximum norm. Numerical examples are provided to support the theoretical results and to show the efficiency of the proposed method.

Effectiveness of premarital screening program for thalassemia and sickle cell disorders in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

Salama, Rasha Aziz Attia,Saleh, Abeer Kamal Korean Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics 2016 대한의학유전학회지 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: Genetic disorders can be prevented by basic public health measures and activities that focus primarily on education and approaches in Primary Health Care. Premarital screening is one such approach that can identify asymptomatic carriers of hemoglobinopathies and provide genetic counseling to couples for a healthy reproductive life. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders in the adult population screened as a part of the United Arab Emirates Premarital Screening Program and to measure the effectiveness of the program in decreasing high-risk marriages in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK). Materials and Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted at the RAK Primary Health Care Center, where the National Premarital Screening Program is implemented. The study included data collected from the premarital screening records of all couples who had applied for a marriage license during 2008-2015. Results: Of the 17,826 individuals screened during the studied period, 4.02% (717) were diagnosed as positive for hemoglobinopathies. The prevalence of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disorders among the total study population was 2.98% and 1.05%, respectively. The hemoglobinopathy trait was more prevalent than the disease. Among these 8,913 couples who were issued certificates for compatibility based on screening tests, 28 (0.31%) couples were declared high-risk (unmatched). Seventy percent of these unmatched couples reported consanguineous marriages. Conclusion: The program was successful in achieving its objective of identifying high-risk marriages. In spite of the counseling, however, all of the high-risk couples still married each other.

Design and Performance of Space-Time Trellis Codes for Rapid Rayleigh Fading Channels

SalamA.Zummo,SaudA.Al-Semari 한국통신학회 2003 Journal of communications and networks Vol.5 No.2

Application of acid mine drainage for coagulation/flocculation of microalgal biomass

Salama, El-Sayed,Kim, Jung Rae,Ji, Min-Kyu,Cho, Dong-Wan,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2015 Bioresource technology Vol.186 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel application of acid mine drainage (AMD) for biomass recovery of two morphologically different microalgae species with respect to AMD dosage, microalgal cell density and pH of medium was investigated. Optimal flocculation of <I>Scenedesmus obliquus</I> and <I>Chlorella vulgaris</I> occurred with 10% dosage of AMD at an initial pH 9 for both 0.5 and 1.0g/L cell density. The flocculation efficiency was 89% for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and 93% for <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>. Zeta potential (ZP) was increased from −10.66 to 1.77 and −13.19 to 1.33 for <I>S</I>. <I>obliquus</I> and <I>C</I>. <I>vulgaris</I>, respectively. Scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray of the microalgae floc confirmed the sweeping floc formation mechanism upon the addition of AMD. Application of AMD for the recovery of microalgae biomass is a cost-effective method, which might further allow reuse of flocculated medium for algal cultivation, thereby contributing to the economic production of biofuel from microalgal biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AMD contains high amount of Fe(II)/Al(III) ions which are natural flocculants. </LI> <LI> Sweeping microalgal floc formation was the dominant mechanism in this study. </LI> <LI> AMD can be an efficient coagulant/flocculant for low-cost microalgae harvesting. </LI> </UL> </P>

Enhancement of microalgal growth and biocomponent-based transformations for improved biofuel recovery: A review

Salama, El-Sayed,Hwang, Jae-Hoon,El-Dalatony, Marwa M.,Kurade, Mayur B.,Kabra, Akhil N.,Abou-Shanab, Reda A.I.,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Yang, Il-Seung,Govindwar, Sanjay P.,Kim, Sunjoon,Jeon, Byong-Hun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.258 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microalgal biomass has received much attention as feedstock for biofuel production due to its capacity to accumulate a substantial amount of biocomponents (including lipid, carbohydrate, and protein), high growth rate, and environmental benefit. However, commercial realization of microalgal biofuel is a challenge due to its low biomass production and insufficient technology for complete utilization of biomass. Recently, advanced strategies have been explored to overcome the challenges of conventional approaches and to achieve maximum possible outcomes in terms of growth. These strategies include a combination of stress factors; co-culturing with other microorganisms; and addition of salts, flue gases, and phytohormones. This review summarizes the recent progress in the application of single and combined abiotic stress conditions to stimulate microalgal growth and its biocomponents. An innovative schematic model is presented of the biomass-energy conversion pathway that proposes the transformation of all potential biocomponents of microalgae into biofuels.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Improvement of biochemical components using combined abiotic stress. </LI> <LI> Microalgae and their properties vis-à-vis biofuel production. </LI> <LI> Transformation of all potential biochemical components into biofuels. </LI> </UL> </P>

Development of Inclusive Education Guideline for students with Neuro-developmental Disabilities in Bangladesh

( Salama Begum ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2018 한국특수교육문제연구소 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2018 No.1

Inclusive education represents a whole-school concern and works to align special education with general education in a manner that most effectively and efficiently imparts quality education to all, while Sustainable Development Goal focuses on the inclusive education for all. The study is to explore the process documents and formation of inclusive education guideline for students with Autism and NDDs at secondary education system in Bangladesh. Total 390 participants from 4 divisions in 8 districtswere taken as respondents in the study. Head teachers of mainstreaming secondary schools, Madrasha supers,parents of special child, teachers of special schools, master trainers of National Academy for Autism and Neuro-developmental Disabilities (NAAND) project, experts in autism and NDDs and representatives of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and family welfare and Ministry of Social Welfare were attended as respondents. The information was collected through various descriptive methods such as In-depth Interview (IDI), Key Informant Information (KII), Focus Group Discussion (FGDs), training workshops, and National level seminar and workshop.The highest focused comments and discussions from various methods of data collection were accumulated as findings. A developed inclusive education guideline has been designed and structured from the concepts of inclusive education requirements in all aspects of schooling highlighted by UNESCO. Creating awareness among all stakeholders about the rights of education of children with NDDs, ensuring the enrollment of special needs children, enhancing both physical and curriculum adaptation, providing appropriate teaching aids and teaching methods, adapting the educational assessment and evaluation process, protecting the drop-out problems and counseling to the peer and parents of children without disabilities are the keys components of the guideline. Within the guideline, the implementing strategies and the process of accountability were explored. Now, the inclusive education guideline for children with Autism and Neuro-Developmental disabilities (NDD) is in Ministry of Education for final approval and gazette publication.

A Numerical Method For Solving The Nonlinear Integral Equation of The Second Kind

SALAMA, F.A. 한국산업정보응용수학회 2003 한국산업정보응용수학회 Vol.7 No.2

In this work, we use a numerical method to solve the nonlinear integral equation of the second kind when the kernel of the integral equation in the logarithmic function form or in Carleman function form. The solution has a computing time requirement of 0(N^(2)), where (2N +l) is the number of discretization points used. Also, the error estimate is computed.