About Chromium (VI) Extraction from Fertilizers and Soils

Sager Manfred The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.6

Extractions fro fertilizer and soil samples were performed to yield the operationally defined fractions 'soluble' chromate (extractable with $NH_4NO_3$), 'exchangeable' chromate (extractable with phosphate buffer pH 7.2), and these results were compared with the data obtained by extractions with ammonium sulfate, borate buffer pH 7.2, saturated borax pH 9.6, and polyphosphate (Graham's salt). In order to maintain the pH of extractant solution about constant, the concentration of extractant buffer had to be raised to at least 0.5 M. The results strongly depended on the kind of extractant, and the solid: liquid ratio. For most of the samples investigated, the extraction efficiency increased in the order borate-sulfate-nitrate-phosphate. Whereas the recovery of $K_2CrO_4\;and\;CaCrO_4$ added to the samples of basic slags prior to the extraction was about complete, the recovery of added $PbCrO_4$ was highly variable. In soil extracts, the color reaction was interfered from co-extracted humics, which react with the chromate in weak acid solution during the time period necessary for color reaction (1 hour). However, this problem can be overcome by standard addition and subtraction of the color of the extractant solution. In soil extract of about pH < 7, organic material reduced chromate during the extraction period also, and standard addition of soluble chromate is recommended to prove recovery and the stability of chromate in the samples. In admixtures of soils and basic slags, results for hexavalent chromium were lower than from the mere basic slags. This effect was more pronounced in phosphate than in nitrate extracts. As a proficiency test, samples low in organic carbon from contaminated sites in Hungary were tested. The results from $NH_4NO_3$ extracts satisfactorily matched the results of the Hungarian labs obtained from $CalCl_2$ extractants.

[Book Review] New Technologies and a New Generation of Activists in South Korea

John Sagers 한국학중앙연구원 한국학중앙연구원 2018 Korea Journal Vol.58 No.4

About Chromium (VI) Extraction from Fertilizers and Soils

Manfred Sager 대한자원환경지질학회 2005 자원환경지질 Vol.38 No.6

Extractions from fertilizer and soil samples were performed to yield the operationally defined fractions of “soluble” chromate (extractable with NH4NO3), “exchangeable” chromate (extractable with phosphate buffer pH 7.2), and these results were compared with the data obtained by extractions with ammonium sulfate, borate buffer pH 7.2, saturated borax pH 9.6, and polyphosphate (Graham’s salt). In order to maintain the pH of extractant solution about constant, the concentration of extractant buffer had to be raised to at least 0.5 M. The results strongly depended on the kind of extractant, and the solid: liquid ratio. For most of the samples investigated, the extraction efficiency increased in the order borate– sulfate – nitrate – phosphate. Whereas the recovery of K2CrO4 and CaCrO4 added to the samples of basic slags prior to the extraction was about complete, the recovery of added PbCrO4 was highly variable. In soil extracts, the color reaction was interfered from co-extracted humics, which react with the chromate in weak acid solution during the time period necessary for color reaction (1 hour). However, this problem can be overcome by standard addition and subtraction of the color of the extractant solution. In soil extract of about pH < 7, organic material reduced chromate during the extraction period also, and standard addition of soluble chromate is recommended to prove recovery and the stability of chromate in the samples. In admixtures of soils and basic slags, results for hexavalent chromium were lower than from the mere basic slags. This effect was more pronounced in phosphate than in nitrate extracts. As a proficiency test, samples low in organic carbon from contaminated sites in Hungary were tested. The results from NH4NO3 extracts satisfactorily matched the results of the Hungarian labs obtained from CalCl2 extractants.

Trace element levels and selenium uptake in cereals grown in lower Austria

M. Sager,J. Hoesch 한국암반공학회 2003 한국암반공학회 학술대회 및 세미나 자료집 Vol.- No.-

Selected Non- Metals in the Mineral - Soil- Plant System (b-Si-P-S-F-Cl-Br-I)

Manfred Sager 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements as a Rapid Screening Method for Fertilizers

M.Sager,R.Scholger 한국자원공학회 2002 한국자원공학회지 Vol.39 No.5

a set of various fertilizer samples, main and trace elements were determined with ICP-OES after dissolution with hydrochloric acid, or ashing with subsequent dissolution, respectively. In spite of high P contents, ICP-OES gave reliable results when compared to conventional AAS determinations. With respect to previous investigations, trends in Cd, Cr, Zn and Ni contents of fertilizers were observed. The solid samples were also submitted to magnetic susceptibility measurements. Similarly, a set of soil samples from a remote plain area in the East of Austria was investigated for aqua regia leachables and magnetic measurements. High magnetic susceptibility was found only in basic slag and basic slag potash. Other fertilizers were much lower in magnetic susceptibility than the soils investigated. Thus, fertilization would not interfere with magnetometric profiling for the detection of environmental contaminations in the field. 비료중에 함유된 주성분 및 미량원소 함량이 ICP-OES로 측정되었고 분해는 염산 또는 회화(ashing) 로 이루어졌다. P 함량이 높은데도 불구하고 기존의 AAS로 측정할 때 보다 ICP-OES 측정이 보다 더 신뢰할 만 하였다. 고체시료, 특히 오스트리아 동부지역 토양시료들은 왕수로 분해하고 또한 대자율을 측정하였다. 염 기성슬래그와 염기성 slag potash에서 대자율이 높았으며 다른 비료들은 대자율이 훨씬 더 낮았다. 따라서 대 자율 측정은 unknown samples의 이러한 혼합성분들의 탐지에 적절할 것이다.

Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes of Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Radiotherapy: A Single Center Experience

Demiral, S.,Beyzadeoglu, M.,Sager, O.,Dincoglan, F.,Uysal, B.,Gamsiz, H.,Akin, M.,Turker, T.,Dirican, B. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in the management of early stage endometrial cancer (EC) is still controversial. Here we report our institutional experience with patients who received postoperative RT for stage I-II EC over a period of 35 years and assess potential predictors of local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis (DM), and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods: A total of 188 patients undergoing postoperative RT for stage IA-II EC between 1977 and 2012 were evaluated. Some 96 received median 46 Gy whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) (range: 40-60 Gy), 37 were given WPRT with vaginal cuff therapy (VCT), and 55 received only VCT either with brachytherapy (BT) or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Chemotherapy was given to 5 patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of clinicopathological factors on LR, DM, and OS. Results: Median follow-up time was 11 years (range: 1-35 years). At the time of analysis, 34 patients were not alive. Of the 15 patients with LR, 7 (46.7%) recurred in the vaginal stump, 5 (33.3%) in the pelvic region, and 3 (20%) in the paraaortic nodal region, while 12 had distant metastasis. UPSC histology (p=0.027), sole VCT (p=0.041), high histologic grade (p=0.034), and age ${\geq}71$ (p=0.04) were poor prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Conclusions: In our patients receiving radiotherapy for early-stage EC, grade III disease and age ${\geq}71$ were associated with shorter OS whereas UPSC histology was an independent predictor for both LR and DM.

서울 도심지역 환경에서의 백금(Pt) 분산과 오염 특성

전효택,이혜연,M.Sager 한국자원공학회 2006 한국자원공학회지 Vol.43 No.1

The emission of platinum(Pt) from automobile catalytic converters has caused rapid increase in Pt levels of the urban environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the Pt levels in road dusts, roadside soils and tree barks in and around Seoul metropolitan city. All samples were collected from the sites of various traffic volumes, and analysed for Pt and heavy metals by ICP-MS and ICP-OES, respectively. Platinum levels were in the range of 0.4∼444.4 ng/g in road dusts and roadside soils, and 0.9∼4.5 ng/g in tree barks. These results are comparable with other previous studies and show high elevation of Pt levels in urban environment. Platinum levels in the roadside environment are influenced by traffic volume, driving style and topography. There was not significant correlation between Pt and other heavy metals in road dusts. 자동차 촉매 변환장치의 사용으로 인해 도시 환경 매질에서의 백금(Pt; platinum) 함량이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 국내 처음으로 도로 분진, 가로수 토양, 가로수 표피에서의 Pt 함량에 대해 알아보았다. 시료들은 서울 시내에 위치한 도로, 주택가 지역과 서울시 근교에서 채취하였으며, Pt의 경우 ICP-MS로, 그 외 중금속의 경우 ICP-OES로 측정하였다. 도로 분진과 가로수 토양 내 Pt 함량은 0.4∼444.4 ng/g 이었으며, 가로수 표피 내 Pt 함량은 0.9∼4.5 ng/g 이었다. 앞서 발표된 국외 연구들과 비슷한 수준이며, 이는 국내 역시 도심의 여러 지역에서 Pt 오염 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 도로 주변 환경의 Pt 함량에 영향을 미치는 요소로는 교통량, 주행 형태, 지형 등이 있으며, 도로 분진 내 Pt 함량과 상관성을 나타내는 중금속 원소는 존재하지 않았다.

Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences

Wang, H.,Jacob, D.J.,Le Sager, P.,Streets, D.G.,Park, R.J.,Gilliland, A.B.,van Donkelaar, A. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.6

We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with 1<SUP>o</SUP>x1<SUP>o</SUP> horizontal resolution to quantify the effects of anthropogenic emissions from Canada, Mexico, and outside North America on daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations in US surface air. Simulations for summer 2001 indicate mean North American and US background concentrations of 26+/-8ppb and 30+/-8ppb, as obtained by eliminating anthropogenic emissions in North America vs. in the US only. The US background never exceeds 60ppb in the model. The Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancement averages 3+/-4ppb in the US in summer but can be occasionally much higher in downwind regions of the northeast and southwest, peaking at 33ppb in upstate New York (on a day with 75ppb total ozone) and 18ppb in southern California (on a day with 68ppb total ozone). The model is successful in reproducing the observed variability of ozone in these regions, including the occurrence and magnitude of high-ozone episodes influenced by transboundary pollution. We find that exceedances of the 75ppb US air quality standard in eastern Michigan, western New York, New Jersey, and southern California are often associated with Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancements in excess of 10ppb. Sensitivity simulations with 2020 emission projections suggest that Canadian pollution influence in the Northeast US will become comparable in magnitude to that from domestic power plants.

Electric Lighting Considerations for Crop Production in Space

Hyeon-Hye Kim,Raymond M. Wheeler,John C. Sager,Neil C. Yorio,Joey H. Norikane 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-