Principal Milk Components in Buffalo, Holstein Cross, Indigenous Cattle and Red Chittagong Cattle from Bangladesh

Islam, M.A.,Alam, M.K.,Islam, M.N.,Khan, M.A.S.,Ekeberg, D.,Rukke, E.O.,Vegarud, G.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.6

The aim of the present study was to get a total physical and chemical characterization and comparison of the principal components in Bangladeshi buffalo (B), Holstein cross (HX), Indigenous cattle (IC) and Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) milk. Protein and casein (CN) composition and type, casein micellar size (CMS), naturally occurring peptides, free amino acids, fat, milk fat globule size (MFGS), fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, total and individual minerals were analyzed. These components are related to technological and nutritional properties of milk. Consequently, they are important for the dairy industry and in the animal feeding and breeding strategies. Considerable variation in most of the principal components of milk were observed among the animals. The milk of RCC and IC contained higher protein, CN, ${\beta}$-CN, whey protein, lactose, total mineral and P. They were more or less similar in most of the all other components. The B milk was found higher in CN number, in the content of ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\kappa}$-CN and ${\beta}$-lactalbumin, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, Ca and Ca:P. The B milk was also lower in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin content and had the largest CMS and MFGS. Proportion of CN to whey protein was lower in HX milk and this milk was found higher in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and naturally occuring peptides. Considering the results obtained including the ratio of ${\alpha}_{s1}-$, ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-CN, B and RCC milk showed best data both from nutritional and technological aspects.

Neutral pion and η meson production at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Acharya, S.,Acosta, F. T.-.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S. N.,Albuqu American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. C Vol.98 No.4

<P>Neutral pion and eta meson production in the transverse momentum range 1 < p(T) < 20 GeV/c have been measured at midrapidity by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in central and semicentral Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN = 2.76 TeV. These results were obtained using the photon conversion method as well as the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS) and Electromagnetic Calorimeter detectors. The results extend the upper p(T) reach of the previous ALICE pi(0) measurements from 12 to 20 GeV/c and present the first measurement of eta meson production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The eta/pi(0) ratio is similar for the two centralities and reaches at high p(T) a plateau value of 0.457 +/- 0.013(stat) +/- 0.018(syst) A suppression of similar magnitude for pi(0) and eta meson production is observed in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to their production in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the results in terms of Next to Leading Order (NLO) pQCD predictions and hydrodynamic models. The measurements show a stronger suppression than observed at lower center-of-mass energies in the p T range 6 < p(T) < 10 GeV/c. For p(T) < 3 GeV/c, hadronization models describe the pi(0) results while for the eta some tension is observed.</P>

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Shiv Kumar,S. A. Khan,Ozair Alam,Rizwan Azim,Atul Khurana,M. Shaquiquzzaman,Nadeem Siddiqui,Waquar Ahsan 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff’s bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff’s bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of ^1H-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

Synthesis of Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based Azetidinones & Thiazolidinones as Potent Antibacterial & Antifungal Agents

Kumar, Shiv,Khan, S.A.,Alam, Ozair,Azim, Rizwan,Khurana, Atul,Shaquiquzzaman, M.,Siddiqui, Nadeem,Ahsan, Waquar Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

4-Chlorotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (III) was synthesized by azide (2+3) cycloaddition of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (II). Compound (III) on further refluxing with hydrazine hydrate furnished 4-hydrazinotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline (IV). Further refluxing of (IV) with different aromatic aldehydes in methanol yielded corresponding Schiff's bases V(a-j). Various 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based azetidinones VII(a-j) were synthesized by stirring the compounds V(a-j), at low temperature, with equimolar mixture of chloroacetylchloride & triethylamine in dry benzene, while 4-aminotetrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline based thiazolidinones VIII(a-j) were synthesized by refluxing Schiff's bases V(a-j) with thioglycolic acid in oil-bath. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed on the basis of $^1H$-NMR & FT-IR spectral data. All the newly synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae & P. aeruginosa & antifungal activity against C. albicans. Few of them have exhibited the promising activity.

Induction of proteinase 3-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies by proteinase 3-homologous bacterial protease in mice

Kim, Y. C.,Choi, Y. S.,Alam, J.,Kim, Y. j.,Baek, K. J.,Koh, J.,Song, Y. W.,Chung, D. H.,Choi, Y. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Immunologic research Vol.64 No.2

<P>Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the principal target of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bacterial PR3-homologous protease can induce autoantibodies to PR3 and ANCA-associated pathology in mice. Among the bacterial proteases that have greater than 30 % identity with PR3, a trypsin-like serine protease of Saccharomonospora viridis, a bacterium that causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis, was chosen. When the mice were immunized with the recombinant protease of S. viridis (SvPR), 75 % of NZBWF1 and 100 % of C57BL/6 mice developed high levels of autoantibodies to mouse PR3 (mPR3). The levels of antibodies to mPR3 had a strong positive correlation with those to SvPR. In addition, more than half of the mPR3-reactive sera (63 %) reacted to purified human PR3 (hPR3), and the levels of antibodies to hPR3 had a positive correlation with those to mPR3. The sera from the immunized mice strongly stained murine neutrophils in a C-ANCA pattern. Although granulomatous inflammation and signs of vasculitis were observed in several mice, they were attributable to the use of complete Freund's adjuvant in the immunization. Collectively, exposure to PR3-homologous bacterial protease could induce ANCA in mice, and this finding may provide a new insight into the triggering mechanisms for the production of PR3-ANCA.</P>

Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV

Adam, J.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, S.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D.,Aleksandrov, D.,Aless American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review Letters Vol.117 No.18

<P>We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from nonflow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of root S-NN = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic v(2) and quadrangular v(4) flow harmonics, as well as of anticorrelation between v(2) and triangular v(3) flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry dominated (in midcentral collisions) and fluctuation dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from Monte Carlo Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, AMPT, and HIJING models. Together with the existing measurements of the individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on the initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.</P>

Development of a compliant legged quadruped robot

Gor, M M,Pathak, P M,Samantaray, A K,Alam, K,Kumar, P,Anand, D,Vijay, P,Sarkar, R,Yang, J-M,Kwak, S W Springer-Verlag 2018 Sādhanā Vol.43 No.7

ϒ suppression at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at _{s NN} = 5.02 TeV

Acharya, S.,Acosta, F.T.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S.N.,Albuquerque, Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.790 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inclusive ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) production have been measured in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.02 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The ϒ mesons are reconstructed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4 and in the transverse-momentum range <SUB> p T </SUB> < 15 GeV/<I>c</I>, via their decays to muon pairs. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive ϒ(1S) nuclear modification factor <SUB> R AA </SUB> as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity. The ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) <SUB> R AA </SUB> , integrated over the centrality range 0–90%, are 0.37 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.03 ( syst ) and 0.10 ± 0.04 ( stat ) ± 0.02 ( syst ) , respectively, leading to a ratio R AA ϒ ( 2S ) / R AA ϒ ( 1S ) of 0.28 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.06 (syst) . The observed ϒ(1S) suppression increases with the centrality of the collision and no significant variation is observed as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity.</P>

Transverse momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors of charged particles in Xe–Xe collisions at _{s NN} = 5.44 TeV

Acharya, S.,Acosta, F.T.-.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S.N.,Albuquerqu North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.788 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Transverse momentum ( <SUB> p T </SUB> ) spectra of charged particles at mid-pseudorapidity in Xe–Xe collisions at <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.44 TeV measured with the ALICE apparatus at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The kinematic range 0.15 < <SUB> p T </SUB> < 50 GeV / c and | η | < 0.8 is covered. Results are presented in nine classes of collision centrality in the 0–80% range. For comparison, a pp reference at the collision energy of s = 5.44 TeV is obtained by interpolating between existing pp measurements at s = 5.02 and 7 TeV. The nuclear modification factors in central Xe–Xe collisions and Pb–Pb collisions at a similar center-of-mass energy of <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.02 TeV, and in addition at 2.76 TeV, at analogous ranges of charged particle multiplicity density ⟨ d <SUB> N ch </SUB> / d η ⟩ show a remarkable similarity at <SUB> p T </SUB> > 10 GeV / c . The centrality dependence of the ratio of the average transverse momentum ⟨ <SUB> p T </SUB> ⟩ in Xe–Xe collisions over Pb–Pb collision at s = 5.02 TeV is compared to hydrodynamical model calculations.</P>

Effect of Phytogenic Feed Additives in Soybean Meal on In vitro Swine Fermentation for Odor Reduction and Bacterial Community Comparison

Alam, M.J.,Mamuad, L.L.,Kim, S.H.,Jeong, C.D.,Sung, H.G.,Cho, S.B.,Jeon, C.O.,Lee, K.,Lee, Sang Suk Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

The effect of different phytogenic feed additives on reducing odorous compounds in swine was investigated using in vitro fermentation and analyzed their microbial communities. Soybean meal (1%) added with 0.1% different phytogenic feed additives (FA) were in vitro fermented using swine fecal slurries and anaerobically incubated for 12 and 24 h. The phytogenic FAs used were red ginseng barn powder (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, FA1), persimmon leaf powder (Diospyros virginiana L., FA2), ginkgo leaf powder (Ginkgo biloba L., FA3), and oregano lippia seed oil extract (Lippia graveolens Kunth, OL, FA4). Total gas production, pH, ammonianitrogen ($NH_3$-N), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), nitrite-nitrogen ($NO_2{^-}$-N), nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3{^-}$-N), sulfate (${SO_4}^{--}$), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other metabolites concentration were determined. Microbial communities were also analyzed using 16S rRNA DGGE. Results showed that the pH values on all treatments increased as incubation time became longer except for FA4 where it decreased. Moreover, FA4 incubated for 12 and 24 h was not detected in $NH_3$-N and $H_2S$. Addition of FAs decreased (p<0.05) propionate production but increased (p<0.05) the total VFA production. Ten 16S rRNA DGGE bands were identified which ranged from 96 to 100% identity which were mostly isolated from the intestine. Similarity index showed three clearly different clusters: I (FA2 and FA3), II (Con and FA1), and III (FA4). Dominant bands which were identified closest to Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486T), Uncultured bacterium clone PF6641 and Streptococcus lutetiensis (CIP 106849T) were present only in the FA4 treatment group and were not found in other groups. FA4 had a different bacterial diversity compared to control and other treatments and thus explains having lowest odorous compounds. Addition of FA4 to an enriched protein feed source for growing swine may effectively reduce odorous compounds which are typically associated with swine production.