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Akhter, S.,Owen, E.,Hossain, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4
The experiment investigated the possibility of using effluent from RUSITEC (rumen simulation technique) inoculated with rumen liquor or cow faeces as sources of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages. Nine forages ${\times}3$ sources of inoculum were used in a factorial arrangement of treatments. Rumen liquor was collected from fistulated sheep and faeces was collected from cows. The RUSITEC apparatus consisted of 4 vessels, 2 vessels were charged with faecal liquor and 2 with rumen liquor. On the 8th day of the experiment RUSITEC effluent were collected to use in in vitro studies. In vitro OMD (g/kg) values using three sources of inoculum (fresh rumen liquor, RUSITEC effluent from rumen liquor or cow faeces) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The regression relationships between OMD using fresh rumen liquor and RUSITEC effluent were highly significant ($R^2>0.90$). The results suggest that RUSITEC effluent either from rumen liquor or cow faeces can be used as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages.
Akhter, S.,Owen, E.,Hossain, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4
Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of time intervals between collecting and use of cattle faeces as a source of micro-organisms in in vitro digestibility assays of forages. The results suggested that temperature conservation capacity by faeces depended on the size of the sample. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) between the first (T1 or 08:30 h) and second using time (T2 or 10:30 h). In vitro organic matter digestibility was significantly lower when faeces was used 5 h (T3 or 13:30 h) after collection. However, the organic matter digestibility determined at the second using time (T2) and third using time (T3) were highly correlated ($R^2=0.99$) with the first using time. It was concluded that faeces can be used as a source of microorganisms for in vitro digestibility assays of forages even 5 h after being voided.
QUANTIFICATION OF Fasciola gigantica INFESTATION IN ZEBU CATTLE OF BANGLADESH
Chowdhury, S.M.Z.H.,Mondal, M.M.H.,Huq, S.,Akhter, N.,Islam, M.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.3
A research study was undertaken to quantify fascioliasis in both live and slaughtered zebu cattle at Savar, Bangladesh. Eggs of Fasciola gigantica per gram of feces (EPG) was determined in a total of 213 fasciola infested live cattle. The EPG per animal ranged from 100 to 400 (mean $138.03{\pm}4.27SE$). Counting of F. gigantica was made in a total of 63 fasciola infested livers of slaughtered cattle. Number of immature flukes per liver ranged from 0 to 37 (mean $8.74{\pm}0.85SE$) and mature flukes ranged from 2 to 121 (mean $20.54{\pm}2.23SE$). Total load of flukes recovered per liver varied from 4 to 132 (mean $29.28{\pm}2.42SE$). Significantly higher EPG (p < 0.05) and higher load of flukes in the livers (p < 0.01) were observed from September to December (post monsoon and winter). The EPG and fluke counts were found significantly higher (p < 0.01) in animals after one year of age and these were also higher in female animals (p < 0.05) than the males.
A Low Cost Electro-Oculogram (EOG) Controlled Assistive Wheel Chair
Raheel Riaz,S.Hammad Akhter,Aisha Masood,Ana Zulfiqar,Khoula Abid,Kiran Akhter,S. M. Omair,Zia Mohyud-din 한국재활복지공학회 2016 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11
Increased Paralysis or physical disability cases are one of the greatest problems of this technologically developing world. It destroys the life and self-esteem of the survivor and they become dependable on others to fulfill their mobility needs. Many works has been done to aid their disability and to give them independent mobility. Several sophisticated methods have been designed to generate such assistive devices to help the disable peoples. Some of such devices include the use of cameras to produce movement based on eye gaze, another such method consists of the use of high-end computer systems that can process the data efficiently but these are very expensive and less portable. This research introduce a cost effective method to generate assistive device to guide and control the wheel chair for disable people, it involves the non-sophisticated technology based on analog filters, amplifiers and Electrooculography (measure of the Corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye.). Eye movement directions are used to guide and control the wheel chair.
Effect of Different Preservation Methods on Physicochemical Quality of Beef
Akter, H.,Akhter, S.,Rahman, S.M.E.,Rahman, M.M.,Hossain, M.M.,Ra, C.S.,Kim, Jai-Moung,Oh, Deog-Hwan The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2009 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.24 No.3
본 연구는 쇠고기의 품질에 있어서 건조, 절임, 냉동의 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 건조의 3가지 타입(소금 비처리 = $T_1$, 소금 처리 = $T_2$, 소금 및 향료 처리 = $T_3$), 절임의 3가지 타입(소금 절임 = $T_4$, 설탕 처리 = $T_5$, 소금물 처리 = $T_6$)과 냉동의 3가지 타입($0^{\circ}C$ = T7, $-10^{\circ}C$ = T8, $-20^{\circ}C$ = T9)으로 180일 동안 시간 간격을 두고 쇠고기의 단백질, 지방, 회분, 색도와 조리 영양손실을 분석하였다. 모든 화학적 구성요소들(단백질, 지방과 회분)은 120일 까지 점차적으로 감소하였으며 감소 경향은 저장 120일이 지난 후 180일까지 빠르게 진행되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 180일 저장 기간 동안 $T_7$에서 단백질 손실이 11.1%로 가장 높았으며 $T_6$는 3.85%로 가장 낮은 단백질 손실을 나타냈고 다른 처리구들에서도 유의적 차이(p < 0.01)가 나타났다. $T_6$에서 지방 손실이 7.52%로 가장 높았으며 $T_2$에서 3.18%로 가장 낮았다. 또한 다른 처리구들에서도 서로 유의적인 차이(p < 0.05)를 나타내었다. 향료가 처리된 건조 쇠고기가 가장 밝은 색을 나타냈으며 절임 쇠고기는 갈색으로 나타났다 색의 명암은 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 점차적으로 감소하였다. 3가지 벙동 타입 중 $T_9$ 쇠고기가 가장 낮은 조리 영양손실을 나타냈으며 다른 처리구들 또한 유의적 차이(p < 0.01)를 나타냈다 설탕 절임($T_5$)과 향료처리 건조($T_3$)방법은 농촌 지역에서 육류 저장기술로 유용할 것이며 냉동($T_9$)방법은 도시 지역에서 큰 규모의 저장에 사용되면 좋을것으로 사료된다. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of drying, curing and freezing on the quality of beef. Three types of dried (without salt = $T_1$, with salt = $T_2$ and salt + spices = $T_3$); three types of cured (salt curing = $T_4$, sugar curing = $T_5$ and brine curing = $T_6$) and three types of frozen beef ($0^{\circ}C=T_7^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C=T_8$ and $-20^{\circ}C=T_9$) were analyzed at different time intervals up to the period of 180 d. Parameters studied were protein, fat, ash, color and cooking loss of beef. All the chemical constituents (protein, fat and ash) were decreased gradually up to 120 d. The decreasing trend was observed rapid after 120 d up to 180 d of preservation. Highest protein loss was found in $T_7$ (11.1 %) and the lowest protein loss was found in $T_6$ (3.85%) in 180 d preservation and significant (p < 0.01) differences were observed among the different preservation methods. Highest fat loss was observed in $T_6$ (7.62%) and the lowest fat loss was observed in $T_2$ (3.18%) and the differences were also significant (p < 0.05) among different methods during the experimental period. Spices dried beef showed a brighter color than others and cured beef showed brown color and the intensity of color was reduced gradually with the increasing of storage period. $T_9$ showed the lowest cooking loss among 3 treatments of frozen beef and the differences also significant (p < 0.01) up to 180 d. It might be stated that sugar curing ($T_5$) and spices drying ($T_3$) would be the useful technique of meat preservation in rural areas and freezing ($T_9$) would be used in large scale preservation at urban areas.
HEMATOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CATTLE EXPOSED TO Fasciola gigantica INFESTATION
Taimur, M.J.F.A.,Halder, A.K.,Chowdhury, S.M.Z.H.,Akhter, N.,Islam, M.S.,Kamal, A.H.M.,Islam, K.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2
Hematological value were determined from 140 Fasciola gigantica infested and 138 non-infested apparently healthy (control) zebu cattle from eight different sites of Bangladesh. The F. gigantica infested cattle have experienced of normocytic normochromic anemia indicated by the significant (p<0.01) decline of total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and significant (p<0.01) increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, as compared with non-infested control animals. Values of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content were not differed significantly between the infested and control animals. There observed significantly (p<0.01) higher eosinophil and neutrophil counts and significantly (p<0.01) lower lymphocyte counts in fasciola infested cattle in comparison with the control animals.
Chen, J.,Bang, W.Y.,Lee, Y.,Kim, S.,Lee, K.W.,Kim, S.W.,Son, Y.S.,Kim, D.W.,Akhter, S.,Bahk, J.D. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Vol. No.
The interaction of Obg (Spo0B-associated GTP-binding protein) GTPase and SpoT, which is a bifunctional ppGpp (guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate) hydrolase/synthetase, is vital for the modulation of intracellular ppGpp levels during bacterial responses to environmental cues. It has been recently reported that the ppGpp level is also inducible by various stresses in the chloroplasts of plant cells. However, the function of the Obg-SpoT interaction in plants remains elusive. The results from the present and previous studies suggest that AtRSH1 is a putative bacterial SpoT homolog in Arabidopsis and that its transcription levels are responsive to wounding and salt stresses. In this study, we used a yeast two-hybrid analysis to map the regions required for the AtObgC-AtRSH1 interaction. Moreover, protein-protein docking simulations revealed reasonable geometric and electrostatic complementarity in the binding surfaces of the two proteins. The data support our experimental results, which suggest that the conserved domains in AtObgC and the N terminus of AtRSH1 containing the TGS domain contribute to their interaction. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that the expression of AtObgC and AtRSH1 exhibit a similar inhibition pattern under wounding and salt-stress conditions, but the inhibition pattern was not greatly influenced by the presence or absence of light. Based on in vivo analyses, we further confirmed that the AtRSH1 and AtObgC proteins similarly localize in chloroplasts. Based on these results, we propose that the AtObgC-AtRSH1 interaction plays a vital role in ppGpp-mediated stress responses in chloroplasts.