Phytochemistry and pharmacology of plants in the genus Chaenomeles

Ruoling Xu,Mengting Kuang,Ning Li 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.11

Chaenomeles plants belong to the Rosaceae family and include five species, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin) Koehne, Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, Chaenomeles cathayensis (Hemsl.) Schneid and Chaenomeles thibetica Yu. Chaenomeles plants are found and cultivated in nearly every country worldwide. China serves as both the origin and distribution hub for the plants in the Chaenomeles genus, and all Chaenomeles species except for C. japonica are indigenous to China. Chaenomeles spp. is a type of edible medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in China to treat various ailments, such as rheumatism, cholera, dysentery, enteritis, beriberi, and scurvy. A variety of chemical constituents have been extracted from this genus, including terpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, biphenyls, oxylipins, and alkaloids. The biological activity of some of these constituents has already been evaluated. Pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that the plants in the genus Chaenomeles exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, gastrointestinal protective, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and other pharmacological activities. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the available information on the genus Chaenomeles to serve as a valuable reference for further investigations.

Growth and Seeding Characteristics of One-Year Codonopsis pilosula by Shading Facility Type in the North-Middle Area, Cherwon, Gangwon-do, Korea

Young Moon Mo(모영문),Eun Ruol Lee(이은열),Gi Wook Lee(이기욱),Jae Hyoung Yi(이재형),Soo Jeong Lim(임수정),Ye Ji Yoon(윤예지),Nam Yong Um(엄남용) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.1

Background : This study was carried out to establish the type of shading facilities suitable for stable growth and seed production in order to expand the cultivation area of Pilose bellflower. Methods and Results : Treatment was 4 types of open field, 55% shading, rain shelter, rain-shelter + 55% shading for each shading method. The chlorophyll content of Pilose bellflower leaves grown in each facility was the highest at 30.8 μ㏖/㎡ when 55% shading was applied, and was statistically significant. The starting date of flowering by shading facility type was the same as July 5, but the flowering period and the flowering end date showed the earliest trends in the 55% shading treatment, July 27 and August 3. The flowering start date by shading facility type showed the same trend as July 5, but the flowering period and the flowering end date showed the earliest trend as July 27 and August 3, respectively, in 55% shading treatment. The weight of fresh grass and hay per plant was the heaviest at 101.3 g and 21.0 g, when rain-shelter + 55% shading treatment, and were statistically significant. The weight of fresh and dry roots per plant showed the heaviest trend at 36.9 g and 10.9 g, respectively, at 55% shelter treatment, but there was no statistical significance. In the case of 55% shading treatment, the survival rate of ginseng was 68.3%. The yield of dry roots per 10 a was the heaviest at 110.2 ㎏ in 55% shading treatment, and it tended to increase by 29% compared to 85.4 ㎏ in the open field. In the rain shelter and the rain-shelter + 55% shading treatment, the amount of seeding per plant was 3.6 g and 3.7 g, respectively. In addition, the yield of seeds per 10 a was 23.2 ㎏ and 24.2 ㎏, respectively, in the case of rain shelter and rain-shelter + 55% shading, which tended to increase by 70.6 - 77.9% compared to the open field. However, in the case of 55% shading treatment, the germination force of seeds showed the strongest tendency, and the germination rate was also the highest at 91.0%. In rain shelter and rain-shelter + 55% shading treatment, where the seed yield was high, the germination rates tended to decrease to 76.5% and 72.5%, respectively. The superior seed production amount of Pilose bellflower per 10a was estimated to be 17.8 ㎏ and 17.5 ㎏ in the rain shelter and rain-shelter + 55% shading treatments. In the 55% shading treatment, the superior seed production was 13.8 ㎏, which was 23.3% higher compared to 11.2 ㎏ in the open field. Conclusion : From the above results, when the germination rate was considered, a 55% shading facility was considered to be suitable for stable growth and seed production of 1-year-old Pilose bellflower.

Qigong for hypertension: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials

Lee, Myeong Soo,Pittler, Max H,Guo, Ruoling,Ernst, Edzard Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2007 Journal of Hypertension Vol.25 No.8

OBJECTIVES: To assess systematically the clinical evidence of qigong for hypertension. METHODS: Databases were searched up to August 2006. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) testing qigong in patients with hypertension of any origin and assessing clinically relevant outcomes were considered. Trials using any type of control intervention were included. The selection of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by at least two reviewers. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Jadad score. RESULTS: A total of 121 potentially relevant articles were identified and 12 RCTs were included. Seven RCTs tested qigong in combination with antihypertensive drugs compared with antihypertensive drugs alone. The meta-analysis of two trials reporting adequate data suggested beneficial effects in favour of qigong [weighted mean difference, systolic blood pressure (SBP) −12.1 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) −17.1 to −7.0; diastolic blood pressure −8.5 mmHg, 95% CI −12.6 to −4.4]. Qigong was compared with waiting list control in two RCTs and was found to reduce SBP significantly (weighted mean difference −18.5 mmHg, 95% CI −23.1 to −13.9). In three further RCTs the comparisons made were: qigong combined with conventional therapy versus muscle relaxation combined with conventional therapy; qigong as a sole treatment versus exercise. All reported positive results in at least some of the relevant outcome measures. The methodological quality of the studies was low. CONCLUSION: There is some encouraging evidence of qigong for lowering SBP, but the conclusiveness of these findings is limited. Rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these results.

Erector spinae plane block combined with a novel technique for selective brachial plexus block in breast cancer surgery -a case report-

Alessandro De Cassai,Daniele Bonvicini,Michele Ruol,Christelle Correale,Maurizio Furnar 대한마취통증의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.72 No.3

Background: The breast is innervated by the intercostal nerves and the brachial plexus. We propose a technique to perform breast surgery without general anesthesia using the erector spinae plane (ESP) block and selective block of four nerves that arise from the brachial plexus innervate the breast and the axilla (SBP block). Case: A 77-year-old man with breast cancer was scheduled for radical mastectomy and axillary clearance. He had a previous history of myocardial infarction with dilated cardiomyopathy and severely impaired ejection fraction. The surgery was performed under regional anesthesia with combined ESP and SBP block. The patient did not require opioids or other supplemental analgesics intra- or postoperatively and was discharged uneventfully. Conclusions: SBP is a novel block that selectively blocks branches of the brachial plexus that innervate the breast.

Impact of Older Age Adiposity on Incident Diabetes: A Community-Based Cohort Study in China

Anthony Chen,Weiju Zhou,Jian Hou,Alan Nevill,Yuanlin Ding,Yuhui Wan,Rebecca Jester,Xia Qin,Zhi Hu,Ruoling Chen 대한당뇨병학회 2022 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.46 No.5

Background: Obesity classifications vary globally and the impact of older age adiposity on incident diabetes has not been well-studied.Methods: We examined a random sample of 2,809 participants aged ≥60 years in China, who were free of diabetes at baseline and were followed up for up to 10 years to document diabetes (<i>n</i>=178). The incidence of diabetes was assessed in relation to different cut-off points of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in multiple adjusted Cox regression models.Results: The diabetic risk in the cohort increased linearly with the continuous and quartile variables of BMI and WC. The BMI-World Health Organization (WHO) and BMI-China criteria analysis did not show such a linear relationship, however, the BMI-Asian/Hong Kong criteria did; adjusted hazards ratio (HR) was 0.42 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20 to 0.90) in BMI <20 kg/m², 1.46 (95% CI, 0.99 to 2.14) in 23–≤26 kg/m², and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.09 to 2.45) in ≥26 kg/m². The WC-China criteria revealed a slightly better prediction of diabetes (adjusted HRs were 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.66] and 1.87 [95% CI, 1.22 to 2.88] in central obese action levels 1 and 2) than the WC-WHO. The combination of the BMI-Asian/Hong Kong with WC-China demonstrated the strongest prediction. There were no gender differences in the impact of adiposity on diabetes.Conclusion: In older Chinese, BMI-Asian/Hong Kong criteria is a better predictor of diabetes than other BMI criterion. Its combination with WC-China improved the prediction of adiposity to diabetes, which would help manage bodyweight in older age to reduce the risk of diabetes.