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유럽적 역사의식 : 전제조건들과 전망, 그리고 중재 Preconditions, Visions, Interventions
Ru¨sen, Jo¨rn 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2003 초등교육연구 Vol.18 No.-
유럽적 역사의식(European Historical Consciousness)이란 무엇인가? 당분간은 이 물음에 대한 만족할만한 답변이 있을 것으로 보이지 않는다. 유럽 국가들의 다양한 역사문화들 속에 새겨져 있는 유럽적인 요소들과 유럽적인 차원들이 있을 것이라는 데는 의문의 여지가 없지만, 이 요소들과 차원들이 실제로 어떤 것인가 하는 점에 관해서는 합의점이 존재하지 않는다. 유럽적 역사의식이 실제로 어떤 것인가를 파악하기 위해서는 다음과 같은 세 가지 일반적 질문이 제기된다 1) 무엇이 현재 이루어지고 있는가? 2) 무엇이 되어야 하는가? 3) 우리는 무엇을 할 수 있는가? 이 질문들을 제기함으로써 우리는 우리가 다루어야 할 대상이 무엇인가를 알 수 있다. 우리는 다루어야 할 것은 1) 경험적 현상들 2) 유럽공통의 역사문화에 관한 전망들, 그리고 3) 역사교육과 역사서술, 역사전시회, 발물관처럼 역사의식을 명확하게 형성하거나 의도적으로 실천하는 구체적 과정에 참여하는 행위들이다.
Akiyama, Kazunori,Lu, Ru-Sen,Fish, Vincent L.,Doeleman, Sheperd S.,Broderick, Avery E.,Dexter, Jason,Hada, Kazuhiro,Kino, Motoki,Nagai, Hiroshi,Honma, Mareki,Johnson, Michael D.,Algaba, Juan C.,Asada, IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.807 No.2
<P>We report on 230 GHz (1.3 mm) very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope using antennas on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Mt. Graham in Arizona, and Cedar Flat in California. For the first time, we have acquired 230 GHz VLBI interferometric phase information on M87 through measurement of the closure phase on the triangle of long baselines. Most of the measured closure phases are consistent with 0 degrees as expected by physically motivated models for 230 GHz structure such as jet models and accretion disk models. The brightness temperature of the event-horizon-scale structure is similar to 1 x 10(10) K derived from the compact flux density of similar to 1 Jy and the angular size of similar to 40 mu as similar to 5.5 R-s, which is broadly consistent with the peak brightness of the radio cores at 1-86 GHz located within similar to 10(2) R-s. Our observations occurred in the middle of an enhancement in very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray flux, presumably originating in the vicinity of the central black hole. Our measurements, combined with results of multi-wavelength observations, favor a scenario in which the VHE region has an extended size of similar to 20-60 R-s.</P>
Tsung-Yeh Wu,Po-Cheng Tsai,Shu-Cheng Lo,Yi-Ru Li,Kuang-Li Lee,Sen-Yeu Yang,Pei-Kuen Wei 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.1
We developed dielectric heating-assisted nanoimprint method for rapid fabrication of ultraflexible nanostructures. Using spin-coating polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) film on the glass slide, the dielectric heating on PVC film helped the pattern transfer from the mold to PVC film in few seconds. Various kinds of nanostructures were successfully made on PVC films with about 20-mm thickness. We demonstrated the applications of ultraflexible metallic nanostructures for bending measurement using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on the curved surfaces. For measuring bending angles using SPR on capped nanowire arrays, the minimum detection angle was 2.4 103 degree under 0.02 nm wavelength resolution. For SERS measurement, the nanorod arrays on a curved substrate can increase SERS signals for two times as compared to planar SERS substrate.
Yuan, Yuan,Yang, Zhu-Lin,Miao, Xiong-Ying,Liu, Zi-Ru,Li, Dai-Qiang,Zou, Qiong,Li, Jing-He,Liang, Lu-Feng,Zeng, Gui-Xiang,Chen, Sen-Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3
Squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of the gallbladder are rare tumors and there are few clinical reports in the literature. Herein we report our clinical experience with 46 patients with SC/ASC and 80 with adenocarcinoma (AC). Expression of EphB1 and Ephrin-B in each tumor was determined using immunohistochemical methods for determination of correlations with prognosis. There was no difference in EphB1 and Ephrin-B expression between SC/ASC and AC tumors (P>0.05), but greater expression in those less than 3 cm in diameter, stage I or II (TNM stage), with no lymph node metastases, with no local invasion and treated with radical resection was apparent. Expression of EphB1 (P<0.05) and Ephrin-B (P<0.01) was higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated AC tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that degree of differentiation, tumor diameter, lymph node metastases, local invasion, surgical approach and expression rate of EphB1 and Ephrin-B were closely related to the survival of SC/ASC (P<0.05) and AC patients (P<0.01). Patients with tumors that positive expressed EphB1 and Ephrin-B, whether it is SC/ASC ($P_{SC/ASC}$ =0.000) or AC ($P_{AC}$ =0.000 or $P_{AC}$ =0.002) had longer survival than those negative expression. Cox multivariate analysis indicated a negative correlation between expression of EphB1 or Ephrin-B and overall survival. Hence, EphB1 and Ephrin-B could be regarded as independent good prognostic factorsand important biological markers for SC/ASC and AC of gallbladder.
Jing Zhu,Jun-xia Yu,Jia-dong Chen,Jie-sen Zhang,Jia-qi Tang,Yuan-lai Xu,Yue-fei Zhang,Ru-an Chi 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.6
A modified sugarcane bagasse (SCB) fixed bed column was used to remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution. To determine the optimal condition for Pb2+ separation, Ca2+ was chosen as the model interfering ion, and effects of Ca2+ and Pb2+ initial concentration ratio (C0 Ca : C0 Pb) on the adsorption of Pb2+ were investigated. Results showed that adsorption amount ratio of Ca2+ and Pb2+ (qe Ca : qe Pb) had a good linear relationship with C0 Ca : C0 Pb. Mass ratio of Pb2+ absorbed on the modified SCB was higher than 95% at C0 Ca : C0 Pb<1.95, illustrating that Pb2+ could be selectively removed from aqueous solution. To verify that, simulated waste water containing co-ions of K+, Na+, Cd2+ and Ca2+ was treated, and results showed that the equilibrium amount of Pb2+, K+, Na+, Cd2+ and Ca2+ adsorbed was 134.14, 0.083, 0.058, 1.28, and 1.28mg g−1, respectively, demonstrating that the modified SCB could be used to remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution in the investigated range.
PERSISTENT ASYMMETRIC STRUCTURE OF SAGITTARIUS A* ON EVENT HORIZON SCALES
Fish, Vincent L.,Johnson, Michael D.,Doeleman, Sheperd S.,Broderick, Avery E.,Psaltis, Dimitrios,Lu, Ru-Sen,Akiyama, Kazunori,Alef, Walter,Algaba, Juan Carlos,Asada, Keiichi,Beaudoin, Christopher,Bert American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.820 No.2
<P>The Galactic Center black hole Sagittarius. A* (Sgr A*) is a prime observing target for the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), which can resolve the 1.3 mm emission from this source on angular scales comparable to that of the general relativistic shadow. Previous EHT observations have used visibility amplitudes to infer the morphology of the millimeter-wavelength emission. Potentially much richer source information is contained in the phases. We report on 1.3 mm phase information on Sgr. A* obtained with the EHT on a total of 13 observing nights over four years. Closure phases, which are the sum of visibility phases along a closed triangle of interferometer baselines, are used because they are robust against phase corruptions introduced by instrumentation and the rapidly variable atmosphere. The median closure phase on a triangle including telescopes in California, Hawaii, and Arizona is nonzero. This result conclusively demonstrates that the millimeter emission is asymmetric on scales of a few Schwarzschild radii and can be used to break 180 degrees rotational ambiguities inherent from amplitude data alone. The stability of the sign of the closure phase over most observing nights indicates persistent asymmetry in the image of Sgr. A* that is not obscured by refraction due to interstellar electrons along the line of sight.</P>