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- 저자 : Roberts, James M. (검색결과 3,833 건)
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Roberts James,Asten Michael Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2005 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.8 No.1
We have used the microtremor method, with arrays of up to 96 m diameter, to carry out non-invasive estimation of shear-wave velocity profiles to a depth of 30 to 50 m in unconsolidated Quaternary Yarra Delta sediments. Two silt units (Coode Island Silt, and Fishermans Bend Silt) dominate our interpretation; the method yields shear velocities for these units with precision of $5\%$, and differentiates between the former, softer unit ($V_s$=130 m/sec) and the latter, firmer unit ($V_s$=235 m/sec). Below these silts, the method resolves a firm unit correlating with known gravels ($V_s$ 500 to 650 m/sec). Using surface traverses with the single-station H/V spectral ratio method, we show that the variation in thickness of the softer silt can be mapped rapidly but only qualitatively. The complexity of the geological section requires that array methods be used when quantitative shear-wave velocity profiles are desired.
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Policy Responsiveness in Post-communist Europe: Public Preferences and Economic Reforms
Roberts, Andrew,Kim, Byung-Yeon Cambridge University Press 2011 British journal of political science Vol.41 No.4
<P>This article assesses the degree of policy responsiveness in the new democracies of post-communist Europe. Panel data on economic reform and public opinion show that public support for reform has a large and significant effect on reform progress. Where public support for reform is high, reform proceeds more quickly. This effect remains strong even when controlling for the endogeneity of public support and other economic and political causes of reform, though it is strongest in more democratic countries. These results suggest that economic reform may be better promoted by persuading the public of the beneficial consequences of reform than by trying to insulate reformers from the public, and that the quality of democracy in the region may be higher than commonly perceived.</P>
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Roberts James C.,Asten Michael W. Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2004 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.7 No.1
High levels of ambient noise and safety factors often limit the use of 'active-source' seismic methods for geotechnical investigations in urban environments. As an alternative, shear-wave velocity-depth profiles can be obtained by treating the background microtremor wave field as a stochastic process, rather than adopting the traditional approach of calculating velocity based on ray path geometry from a known source. A recent field test in Melbourne demonstrates the ability of the microtremor method, using only Rayleigh waves, to resolve a velocity inversion resulting from the presence of a hard, 12 m thick basalt flow overlying 25 m of softer alluvial sediments and weathered mudstone. Normally the presence of the weaker underlying sediments would lead to an ambiguous or incorrect interpretation with conventional seismic refraction methods. However, this layer of sediments is resolved by the microtremor method, and its inclusion is required in one-dimensional layered-earth modelling in order to reproduce the Rayleigh-wave coherency spectra computed from observed seismic noise records. Nearby borehole data provided both a guide for interpretation and a confirmation of the usefulness of the passive Rayleigh-wave microtremor method. Sensitivity analyses of resolvable modelling parameters demonstrate that estimates of shear velocities and layer thicknesses are accurate to within approximately $10\%\;to\;20\%$ using the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) technique. Improved accuracy can be obtained by constraining shear velocities and/or layer thicknesses using independent site knowledge. Although there exists potential for ambiguity due to velocity-thickness equivalence, the microtremor method has significant potential as a site investigation tool in situations where the use of traditional seismic methods is limited.
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Dietary Zinc Effects on Growth Performance and Immune Response of Endotoxemic Growing Pigs
Roberts, E.S.,van Heugten, E.,Lloyd, K.,Almond, G.W.,Spears, J.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.10
A $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of dietary Zn on performance and immune response of acutely endotoxemic growing pigs (n=96, mean BW=24.9 kg). Factors included 1) intramuscular injection of $10{\mu}g/kg$ BW of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or control and 2) supplemental Zn at 10, 50, or 150 ppm. Diets were fed beginning after weaning (initial body weight=7.6 kg) in the nursery and continued for 16 d into the grower phase. The basal corn-soybean meal grower diet contained 1% lysine and 34.3 ppm Zn. Pigs were acclimated for 12 d in the growerfinishing facility before LPS treatment on d 13. Gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency were unaffected by dietary Zn. Feed intake decreased (p<0.10) and gain/feed was greater (p<0.10) from d 13 to d 16 for pigs injected with LPS. Serum Zn and alkaline phosphatase activity increased (p<0.05) with increasing Zn levels. The febrile response to LPS peaked at 6 h post exposure and pigs were afebrile within 12 h. Rectal temperature was greater (p<0.05) in pigs receiving 50 and 150 ppm Zn than in pigs supplemented with 10 ppm Zn. In vivo cellular immune response, measured on d 13 by skin thickness response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was greater after 6 h (p<0.05) in pigs fed 10 ppm Zn and exposed to LPS compared to all other treatments, but was not affected at 12, 24 or 48 h. Zinc did not affect mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. Zinc supplemented at 50 or 150 ppm resulted in an enhanced febrile response in pigs subjected to iatrogenic endotoxemia, but did not affect pig performance or immune response measurements.
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USING A HEAT PUMP AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO SUPPORT SOLAR COLLECTOR FOR WATER HEATING IN BRAZIL
ROBERTS VINICIUS DE MELO REIS,RAPHAEL NUNES OLIVEIRA,LUIZ MACHADO,RICARDO NICOLAU NASSAR KOURY 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.3
With related greenhouse e®ect environmental issues linked to the constant problems of the °uctuations in oil prices, the use of solar energy is an important renewable energy source. Brazil is a country which is privileged considering the high rates of solar irradiation present throughout almost the entire national territory. Nevertheless, during certain times of the year, there is a solar energy de¯cit, which leads solar systems to require electrical resistance support at these times. The use of electrical resistance represents 23.5% of electric energy consumption and it presents a low residential energy e±ciency. The purpose of this work is an alternative technical design for reduction of electric energy consumption through the use of a solar energy system together with a generating heat pump for water heaters for households, as well as the ¯nancial feasibility study on the use of this system. One such heat pump has been designed, constructed and tested experimentally. The average performance coe±cient is equal to 2.10, a low value due to the use of a hermetic reciprocating compressor. Despite this low moderate price coe±cient of acquisition and installation of a heat pump, one can allow a return on investment in from 2.1 to 3.3 years, whereas the equipment has a useful life of about 20 years, this period of return on investment is interesting.
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Roberts,Donald R. INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1
An overview is presented of technological developments in biotechnology, remote sensing, and computer hareware/software that provide for a more prominent role of remote sensing in future arthropod-borne disease research and control programs. A multidisciplinary, long-term research program (DI-MOD Project) to develop a predictive model of malaria transmission, based on remotely sensed-data, is described. The Di-MOD Project is sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and involves both national and international organizations/participants. Included is a review of the conceptual model of the project and comments on the applicability of this model to other arthropod-borne diseases.
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Roberts, E.S.,Heugten, E. van,Spears, J.W.,Routh, P.A.,Lloyd, K.L.,Almond, G.W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.10
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Zn level on performance, serum Zn concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and immune response of pigs inoculated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized design. Factors included; 1) PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae inoculation (n=36 pigs) or sham inoculation (n=36 pigs) with media when pigs entered the grower facility (d 0) at 9 weeks of age and 2) 10, 50, 150 ppm supplemental Zn sulfate (${ZnSO}_4$) from weaning until the completion of the study, or 2,000 ppm supplemental ${ZnSO}_4$for two weeks in the nursery and then supplementation with 150 ppm ${ZnSO}_4$for the remainder of the trial. The basal diet contained 34 ppm Zn. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 10, 17, 24 and 31 and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Pigs inoculated with PRRSv were serologically positive at d 28 and control pigs remained negative to PRRSv. In contrast, the M hyopneumoniae inoculation was inconsistent with 33.3% and 52.8% of pigs serologically positive at d 28 in the control and infected groups, respectively. A febrile response was observed for approximately one week after inoculation with PRRSv. Feed intake (p<0.01) and gain (p<0.1) were less in PRRSv infected pigs than control pigs for the 31 d study. However, performance did not differ among pigs in the four levels of ${ZnSO}_4$. Assessments of immune responses failed to provide unequivocal influence of either PRRSv inoculation or ${ZnSO}_4$level. These data suggest that PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae act to produce some performance deficits and the influence of Zn supplementation of nursery age pigs does not have clear effect in grower pigs affected with disease.
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