Practical use of Microsilica in Concrete

Robert Lewis,Tor S. Hansen 한국콘크리트학회 2001 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.11

Vesisular Eruption : A Local Complication of Concentrated Acycolvir Infusions

Sylvester, Robert K.,Ogden, William B.,Draxler, Cheryl A.,Lewis, F. Bruce MediMedia Korea 1986 JAMA-Korea Vol.1 No.11

Incorporating concepts of biodiversity into modern aquaculture: macroalgal species richness enhances bioremediation efficiency in a lumpfish hatchery

Knoop, Jessica,Barrento, Sara,Lewis, Robert,Walter, Bettina,Griffin, John N. The Korean Society of Phycology 2022 ALGAE Vol.37 No.3

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors; however, intensive farming techniques of finfish have raised environmental concerns, especially through the release of excessive nutrients into surrounding waters. Biodiversity has been widely shown to enhance ecosystem functions and services, but there has been limited testing or application of this key ecological relationship in aquaculture. This study tested the applicability of the biodiversity-function relationship to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), asking whether species richness can enhance the efficiency of macroalgal bioremediation of wastewater from finfish aquaculture. Five macroalgal species (Chondrus crispus, Fucus serratus, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra dioica, and Ulva sp.) were cultivated in mono- and polyculture in water originating from a lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) hatchery. Total seaweed biomass production, specific growth rates (SGR), and the removal of ammonium (NH₄⁺), total oxidised nitrogen (TON), and phosphate (PO₄^3-) from the wastewater were measured. Species richness increased total seaweed biomass production by 11% above the average component monoculture, driven by an increase in up to 5% in SGR of fast-growing macroalgal species in polycultures. Macroalgal species richness further enhanced ammonium uptake by 25%, and TON uptake by nearly 10%. Phosphate uptake was not improved by increased species richness. The increased uptake of NH₄⁺ and TON with increased macroalgal species richness suggests the complementary use of different nitrogen forms (NH₄⁺ vs. TON) in macroalgal polycultures. The results demonstrate enhanced bioremediation efficiency by increased macroalgal species richness and show the potential of integrating biodiversity-function research to improve aquaculture sustainability.

Consensus Subtypes Associated With Clinical Outcomes, Response to Therapies, and Multiple Biomarkers in Early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Sung Hwan Lee,Lewis Roberts,David Wheeler,Ju-Seog Lee 대한외과학회 2021 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2021 No.11

Quaternary glaciation of Muztag Ata and Kongur Shan : evidence for glacier response to rapid climate changes throughout the late glacial and Holocene in westernmost Tibet

Yeong Bae Seong,Lewis A. Owen,Chaolu Yi,Robert C. Finkel 대한지질학회 2007 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.0

Global patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma management from diagnosis to death: the BRIDGE Study

Park, Joong-Won,Chen, Minshan,Colombo, Massimo,Roberts, Lewis R,Schwartz, Myron,Chen, Pei-Jer,Kudo, Masatoshi,Johnson, Philip,Wagner, Samuel,Orsini, Lucinda S,Sherman, Morris Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 2015 Liver International Vol.35 No.9

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P><P>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The global HCC BRIDGE study was a multiregional, large-scale, longitudinal cohort study undertaken to improve understanding of real-life management of patients with HCC, from diagnosis to death.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Data were collected retrospectively from January 2005 to September 2012 by chart reviews of eligible patients newly diagnosed with HCC at participating institutions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Forty-two sites in 14 countries contributed final data for 18 031 patients. Asia accounted for 67% of patients, Europe for 20% and North America for 13%. As expected, the most common risk factor was hepatitis C virus in North America, Europe and Japan, and hepatitis B virus in China, South Korea and Taiwan. The most common Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage at diagnosis was C in North America, Europe, China and South Korea, and A in Taiwan and Japan. Across all stages, first HCC treatment was most frequently transarterial chemoembolization in North America, Europe, China and South Korea, percutaneous ethanol injection or radiofrequency ablation in Japan and resection in Taiwan. Survival from first HCC treatment varied significantly by region, with median overall survival not reached for Taiwan and 60, 33, 31, 24 and 23 months for Japan, North America, South Korea, Europe and China respectively (<I>P</I> < 0.0001).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Initial results from the BRIDGE study confirm previously reported regional trends in patient demographic characteristics and HCC risk factors, document the heterogeneity of treatment approaches across regions/countries and underscore the need for earlier HCC diagnosis worldwide.</P>

Crystallization Mechanism of Zeolite UZM-5

Park, Min Bum,Ahn, Nak Ho,Broach, Robert W.,Nicholas, Christopher P.,Lewis, Gregory J.,Hong, Suk Bong American Chemical Society 2015 Chemistry of materials Vol.27 No.5

<P>A reliable formation pathway for UZM-5 zeolite crystals in the presence of tetraethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, and Na<SUP>+</SUP> ions at 150 °C has been proposed based on the <SUP>13</SUP>C MAS NMR and IR spectra of a series of solid products recovered as a function of time during the crystallization process, as well as on the crystal structure of as-made UZM-5 determined using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analyses. The nucleation of this cage-based small-pore zeolite begins with the construction of the largest 26-hedral <I>lta</I>-cages among its four different structural units. The next step is the attachment of 14-hedral <I>wbc</I>-cages to the preorganized <I>lta</I>-cage at shared 6-rings in an appropriate orientation that will allow the growth of two <I>wbc</I>-cage layers linked by 8-hedral <I>rth</I>-cage formation along both <I>a</I> and <I>b</I> axes. The resulting interlayer space is readily converted to a layer of <I>lta</I>-cages by interconnecting two opposing <I>wbc</I>-cages, with the concomitant formation of interlayer <I>d4r</I>-cages and 8-rings. Over the outer surface of the resulting UZM-5 nuclei, which resembles one-half of an <I>lta</I>-cage, the crystal growth may take place in a self-assembled manner as described above.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2015/cmatex.2015.27.issue-5/cm504079m/production/images/medium/cm-2014-04079m_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm504079m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

High Resolution Multimodal Chemical Imaging Platform for Organics and Inorganics

Kim, Songkil,Trofimov, Artem,Khanom, Fouzia,Stern, Lewis,Lamberti, William,Colby, Robert,Abmayr, David,Belianinov, Alex,Ovchinnikova, Olga S. American Chemical Society 2019 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.91 No.19

<P>Chemical analysis at the nanoscale is critical to advance our understanding of materials and systems from medicine and biology to material science and computing. Macroscale-observed phenomena in these systems are in the large part driven by processes that take place at the nanoscale and are highly heterogeneous. Therefore, there is a clear need to develop a new technology that enables correlative imaging of material functionalities with nanoscale spatial and chemical resolutions that will enable us to untangle the structure-function relationship of functional materials. Therefore, here, we report on the analytical figures of merit of the newly developed correlative chemical imaging technique of helium ion microscopy coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry (HIM-SIMS) that enables multimodal topographical/chemical imaging of organic and inorganic materials at the nanoscale. In HIM-SIMS, a focused ion beam acts as a sputtering and ionization source for chemical analysis along with simultaneous high-resolution surface imaging, providing an unprecedented level of spatial resolution for gathering chemical information on organic and inorganic materials. In this work, we demonstrate HIM-SIMS as a platform for a next-generation tool for an in situ material design and analysis capable of down to 8 nm spatial resolution chemical imaging, layered metal structure imaging in depth profiling, single graphene layer detection, and spectral analysis of metals, metal oxides, and polymers.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Multilayered Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanotubes To Deliver Dasatinib

Moore, Thomas L.,Grimes, Stuart W.,Lewis, Robert L.,Alexis, Frank American Chemical Society 2014 MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS Vol.11 No.1

<P>Multilayered, multifunctional polymer coatings were grafted onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a one-pot, ring-opening polymerization in order to control the release kinetic and therapeutic efficacy of dasatinib. Biocompatible, biodegradable multilayered coatings composed of poly(glycolide) (PGA) and poly(lactide) (PLA) were polymerized directly onto hydroxyl-functionalized CNT surfaces. Sequential addition of monomers into the reaction vessel enabled multilayered coatings of PLA-PGA or PGA-PLA. Poly(ethylene glycol) capped the polymer chain ends, resulting in a multifunctional amphiphilic coating. Multilayer polymer coatings on CNTs enabled control of the anticancer drug dasatinib’s release kinetics and enhanced the in vitro therapeutic efficacy against U-87 glioblastoma compared to monolayer polymer coatings.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mpohbp/2014/mpohbp.2014.11.issue-1/mp400448w/production/images/medium/mp-2013-00448w_0009.gif'></P>

Silencing of HSulf-2 expression in MCF10DCIS.com cells attenuate ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive ductal carcinoma <i>in vivo</i>

Khurana, Ashwani,McKean, Hiedi,Kim, Hyunseok,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Mcguire, Jacie,Roberts, Lewis R,Goetz, Matthew P,Shridhar, Viji BioMed Central 2012 Breast cancer research Vol.14 No.2

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Ductal carcinoma <I>in situ </I>(DCIS) of the breast is a heterogeneous group of proliferative cellular lesions that have the potential to become invasive. Very little is known about the molecular alterations involved in the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Heparan endosulfatase (HSulf-2) edits sulfate moieties on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and has been implicated in modulating heparin binding growth factor signaling, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. However, the role of HSulf-2 in breast cancer progression is poorly understood. MCF10DCIS.com cells (referred as MCF10DCIS) express HSulf-2 and form comedo type DCIS and progress to IDC when transplanted in immune-deficient mice and, therefore, is an ideal model to study breast cancer progression. We evaluated the role of HSulf-2 in progression from DCIS to IDC using mouse fat pad mammary xenografts.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Non-target control (NTC) and HSulf-2 knockdown in MCF10DCIS breast cancer cells were achieved by NTC shRNA and two different lentiviral shRNA against HSulf-2 respectively. Xenografts were established by injecting NTC and HSulf-2 deficient MCF10DCIS cells in mouse mammary fat pads. Xenografts were subjected to H&E staining for morphological analysis, TUNEL and Propidium iodide staining (to determine the extent of apoptosis), Western blot analysis and zymography.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Using a mouse mammary fat pad derived xenograft model, we observed that compared to control treated xenografts, down-regulation of HSulf-2 was associated with significant delays in growth at Week 7 (<I>P-</I>value < 0.05). Histological examination of the tumors demonstrated substantial differences in comedo necrosis, with marked luminal apoptosis and up-regulation of apoptotic markers Bim, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3 in HSulf-2 depleted xenografts. Furthermore, HSulf-2 depleted xenografts retained the basement membrane integrity with decreased activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), an enzyme critical for degradation of extracellular matrix compared to nontargeted control.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our data suggest that HSulf-2 expression may be critical for human breast cancer progression. Down-regulation of HSulf-2 leads to retention of comedo type DCIS and delays the progression of DCIS to IDC. Further studies are necessary to determine if therapeutic targeting of HSulf-2 expression might delay the progression of DCIS to IDC.</P>