Current Status and Future Prospects of Gene Therapy

Robbins, Paul D. 한국과학기술원 유전공학연구소 1996 생명공학동향 Vol.4 No.3

Cytokines Stimulate Lung Epithelial Cells to Release Nitric Oxide

Robbins, Richard A.,Kwon, O-Jung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 1995 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.42 No.4

Cytokine release from alveolar macrophages and subsequent interaction of these cytokines with the bronchial epithelium can induce epithelial cells to release inflammatory mediators. Nitric oxide(NO), a highly reactive gas formed from arginine by nitric oxide synthase(NOS), is known to be involved in inflammation and edema formation, and the inducible form of NOS(iNOS) can be increased by cytokines. In this context, we hypothesized that lung epithelial cells could be stimulated by cytokines released by alveolar macrophages to express iNOS. To test this hypothesis, the murine lung epithelial cell line, LA-4, or the human lung epithelial cell line, A549, were stimulated with culture supernatant fluids from alveolar macrophages. NO production was assessed by evaluating the culture supernatant fluids for nitrite and nitrate, the stable end products of NO. Both murine and human cell culture supernatant fluids demonstrated an increase in nitrite and nitrate which were time- and dose-dependent and attenuated by $TNF{\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ antibodies(p<0.05, all comparisons). Consistent with these observations, cytomix a combination of $TNF{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and $\gamma$-interferon, stimulated the lung epithelial cell lines as well as primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells to increase their NO production as evidenced by an increase in nitrite and nitrate in their culture supernatant fluids, an increase in the iNOS staining by immunocytochemistry, and an increase in iNOS mRNA by Northern blottin(p<0.05, all comparisons). The cytokine effects on iNOS were all attenuated by dexamethasone. To determine if these in vitro observations are reflected in vivo, exhaled NO was measured and found to be increased in asthmatics not receiving corticosteroids. These data demonstrate that alveolar macrophage derived cytokines increase iNOS expression in lung epithelial cells and that these in vitro observations are mirrored by increased exhaled NO levels in asthmatics. Increased NO in the lung may contribute to edema formation and airway narrowing.

The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Survey of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Functional Health Literacy

Robbins Rebecca,Hays Ron D.,Calderón José Luís,Seixas Azizi,Garcia Valerie Newsome,Chung Alicia,Jean-Louis Girardin 대한수면학회 2021 sleep medicine research Vol.12 No.1

Background and Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disorder that disparately affects racial/ethnic minorities. OSA functional health literacy can contribute to health disparities. Documenting poor OSA functional health literacy is needed to inform research agendas, policy, and advocacy efforts. The objective of this study is to develop a scale for measuring OSA functional health literacy among diverse audiences and a variety of reading levels and to ascertain its reliability and validity. Methods Development of the 18-item Survey of OSA Functional Health Literacy (SOFHL) was guided by literature review and input from experts. A convenience sample of persons enrolled in a clinical trial completed the survey (n = 194). Factor analysis was used to identify the number of dimensions in the SOFHL and their relationship to other domains that are relevant to OSA functional health literacy. Internal consistency reliability (alpha) was estimated for the SOFHL scales and correlations with educational attainment and income computed. Results All respondents were Black and 29% reported average household income less than $10000 USD. Confirmatory factor analysis provided support for two dimensions: OSA general knowledge (alpha = 0.81) and OSA self-management efficacy (alpha = 0.71). OSA general knowledge was significantly correlated with education (r = 0.41) and income (r = 0.21), and OSA self-management efficacy was significantly correlated with education (r = 0.19) and less depression (r = -0.18). Conclusions Higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status were associated with better OSA functional health literacy. These results provide preliminary support for the SOFHL, a measure that can be used to assess OSA functional health literacy.

Bridging Worlds by 'Doing It All' : Vietnamese Adolescent Girls and Expanded Gender Roles in the U.S.

Kristin ROBBINS Ewha Womans University Press 2007 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.13 No.2

I used participant observation, key findings from similar ethnographic studies, and information I obtained from young Vietnamese women who attended a Vietnamese Baptist Church to explore how they balanced and negotiated new forms of power gained in the U.S., while also unveiling the consequences of these changes. Vietnamese women are expected to remain interconnected with the family, fulfill familial obligations, and observe hierarchical forms of family structure. Young Vietnamese women have a considerable challenge in balancing new American cultural roles and family based roles. As a result, the cultural inconsistencies they encounter create stress and role overload. One significant activity that helped the young women connect their different worlds was their participation in church and church activities. This space was vitally important because it allowed them to maintain closerelationships with their families and peers-people who understood critical aspects regarding their lives and identity.

Meat quality of pork loins from Hereford×Berkshire female and intact male pigs reared in an alternative production system

Yvette Robbins,박현석,Travis Tennant,Dana Hanson,Niki Whitley,민병록,오상현 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.9

Objective: The objective of the present study was to investigate pork quality from Hereford× Berkshire female and intact male pigs reared outdoors in an alternative production system. Methods: Berkshire purebred sows were artificially inseminated, once in the fall and again in the spring of the following year, with semen from Hereford boars and managed free of antibiotics in an outdoor hoop structure until the last month of pregnancy, after which they were moved to a pasture-based unit of 0.8 hectares with individual lots with a farrowing hut, shade, and water ad libitum. Piglets were weaned at 4 weeks of age and housed in a deep-bedded hoop structure, grouped by sex. Animals were harvested at market weight of 125 kg, approximately 200 days of age. Hot carcass weight was collected at the time of the harvest. After 24 hours of refrigeration, carcass characteristics were measured. Longissimus dorsi samples collected from the right side loin. Loins were cut into 2.54-cm thick chops and were used to measure marbling score, color score, drip loss, and ultimate pH. Sensory panel tests were conducted as well at North Carolina State University. For pork characteristics and sensory panel data, trial and sex were included in the statistical model as fixed effects. Hot carcass weight was included in the model as a covariate for backfat thickness. Results: Neither the subjective nor the objective color scores displayed any differences between the boars and the gilts. No difference was found for pH and marbling score between trials or sexes. Gilts had a thicker backfat measurement at the last lumbar and a narrower longissimus muscle area measurement when compared to the boars. The only difference in the sensory characteristics was found between the trials for texture and moisture scores. Conclusion: Consumers were not able to detect boar taint under the condition of this study, which is that the intact males were reared outdoors. Additional trials would be necessary; however, based on the results of the present study, outdoor rearing can be suggested as a solution to the issue of boar taint.

Cosmopolitanism in Time

( Bruce Robbins ) 한국영어영문학회 2015 영어 영문학 Vol.61 No.1

In recent years, there has been a shift from cosmopolitanism in its most familiar form, which is spatial and normative putting.the welfare of those outside the borders of your nation on the same moral plane as the welfare of your fellow citizens.toward a sort of temporal cosmopolitanism: an expansion of the time-scale to make room for the more distant past, including the distant past of distant places. An expansion of timescale, or temporal cosmopolitanism, is an inevitable result of the spatial or geographical cosmopolitanism with which we are more familiar. What effect does this “cosmopolitanism in time” have on ethical judgment? What effect might it tend to have on now unacceptable divisions between “civilization” and “barbarism”? This essay takes up these questions by examining Nietzsche’s idea of eternal recurrence and how it is treated in Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being and David Mitchell’s Cloud Atlas. I argue that Milan Kundera, Nietzsche, Margaret Atwood, and David Mitchell illustrate their thesis about temporal cosmopolitanism, and conclude that the “cynical permissiveness” that Kundera deduces from linear, irreversible time might also be detected in the standard operating procedures of the humanities.

Cytokines Stimulate Lung Epithelial Cells to Release Nitric Oxide

( Richard A. Robbins ),( O. Jung Kwon ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1995 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.42 No.4

Pulmonary Embolism during a Retrial of Low-dose Clozapine

Gregg Alan Robbins-Welty,Shannon Coats,Andrew N. Tuck,Bryan K. Lao,Zachary Lane 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.3

Pulmonary emboli (PE) are increasingly recognized as an adverse effect of clozapine. However, little is known about the characteristics or mechanisms of clozapine-associated PE. We present a case of a 34-year-old with treatment-refractory schizophrenia who developed rhabdomyolysis during his first clozapine trial. During re-trial on a lower dose than his initial trial, the patient developed chest pain that he attributed to “pacemakers.” The pleuritic description and associated tachycardia prompted medical workup and the patient was ultimately diagnosed with a clozapine-associated PE. The patient’s only risk factors for PE were obesity and tobacco use, while his hypercoagulability workup was unrevealing. Clozapine use was continued at a lower dose following these adverse effects given inefficacy of other agents in managing the patient’s psychotic symptoms. The patient experienced significant relief of psychotic symptoms with continued clozapine therapy and a course of electroconvulsive therapy. The patient’s presentation was unusual in that it occurred during a retrial of clozapine, after the initial trial was stopped when he developed rhabdomyolysis. This case demonstrates the importance of maintaining vigilance for PE in patients on clozapine as well as not dismissing somatic complaints in patients experiencing psychosis. Additionally, given his history rhabdomyolysis, an uncommon adverse effect of clozapine, the development of a second uncommon adverse effect (PE) raises the question of whether these events may be associated.

Topics : Cytokines Stimulate Lung Epithleial Cells to Release Nitric Oxide

( Richard A. Robbins ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1995 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.80 No.-

Pertussis Vaccines : A Progress Report

Rabinovich, Regina,Robbins, Anthony MediMedia Korea 1994 JAMA-Korea Vol.9 No.5