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류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 한국환경독성학회 1998 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1
Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipcs and Cypriruts carpio. 96h~LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 mg/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5 mg/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs (caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinifs carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.
An Expand of Oligopoly Theory and Commercial Policy to International Trade
Rhu, Duk-Wi,Min, Kyung-Se 大田工業大學 1992 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.2
Recently, with growth of industrial organization theories, there seems to be necessary for an intergration of industrial organization theories and international trade theories. This paper applied Cournot and Bertrand's duopoly model to international trade theory and analyzed producer's revenue.
류지성,정규혁,최필선,이길철,최덕일,최성수,류홍일,박광식 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1
Cadmium, a major aquatic pollutant in many parts of the world, is toxic and readily accumulated in aquatic organisms. It mainly exists in water as complexes with organic ligands such as dissolved organic carbon and this complexation is known to have effects on the aquatic toxicities. In this study, acute toxicity, histology, and bioaccumulation were studied to evaluate effects of humic acid on cadmium toxicity and bioavailability to fish using Oryzias latipes and Cyprinus carpio. 96h-LC50 of cadmium was 6.38 ㎎/L using Oryzias latipes. However, the mortality showed the dose-dependent decrease when humic acid was added to the test solution. When fish were exposed to 5㎎/L of cadmium, histological changes in the exposed organs(caudal fins, gills, kidney, liver, and gut) of Cyprinus carpio were decreased by humic acid, especially in kidney and liver. Bioaccumulation of cadmium also decreased by treatment of humic acid. It seems that the formation of complexes between cadmium and humic acid may decrease bioavailability of cadmium to fish, and thus reduce the toxic effects of cadmium.
Utility accrual real-time scheduling for (m, k)-firm deadline-constrained streams on multiprocessors
Rhu, J.-H,Sun, J.-H,Kim, K,Cho, H,Park, J K IET 2011 Electronics letters Vol.47 No.5
<P>Considering video conferencing applications, presented is the first utility accrual (or UA) real-time scheduling algorithm for multiple (<I>m</I>, <I>k</I>)-firm deadline-constrained streams running on multiprocessors, called the global multiprocessor utility accrual scheduling algorithm for (<I>m</I>, <I>k</I>)-firm deadline-constraint multimedia streams (or gMUA-MK). Analytical and experimental studies show that gMUA-MK achieves timeliness performance and relatively high quality of multimedia services compared to existing schemes including gMUA.</P>
劉鳳榮(Rhu Pong-young) 백산학회 1970 白山學報 Vol.- No.8
Chung-kam-rok(鄭鑑錄), a book of a sort of mysterious secrets, has been an object of people’s confidence for hundreds of years. In this book is included many a prophecy, and especially, ten places are named where people could survive wars. Upon analysis, three distinctive characteristics are found of these ten places: (1) not a single place of the ten is located north of the 38th parallel, (2) only one place is situated on a coastal area, all the remaining nine in inland areas; (3) not a single place of them is close to main highways. Judging from these, the selection of these ten places of safety was not done from superstitious conjectures, but from long historical experiences. The Korean people have continuously suffered from invasions of different races on the continent, the inflictions always the heavier on those residents of the northwestern districts. In the period from the lattermost part of Koryo era to the early part of the Yi dynasty, however, most of the coastal areas were frequently made victims of Japanese pirates. Also, it is quite natural to imagine that places close to main passages fell an easy prey of warfare. No other nations have suffered from foreign invasions more frequently than the Koreans. In the two thousand years from the first century B.C. till 1910, when the nation lost its entire sovereignty to the Japanese, the Koreans actually fell a victim of foreign invaders on a larger or smaller scale (including those instances of ravages by Japanese pirates and by Jurchen) no less than 931 times. When classified by invasions from the seas and by land, the 931 are divided into 438 by land and 493 from the seas. In terms of ages, there took place one case of foreign invasion each year of Koryo era, and in the Yi dynasty period one case in everyone and a half years. It is by no means difficult to see why the ten places of security were selected at all, and listed in that Chung-karn-rok.
Jinsoo Rhu,Kyo Won Lee,Young Jae Chung,Jae Berm Park,Ju Young Choi,Sung Joo Kim,Jin Sang Jung,김세현 대한이식학회 2019 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.33 No.4
Background: This study aimed to develop and validate the Kidney Transplantation and Quality of Life (KTQoL) questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in Korean kidney transplantation (KT) patients. During the validation, the KTQoL was used to compare the QoL of KT patients before and after conversion from twice-daily to a once-daily regimen of tacrolimus. Methods: Construct and content validity of the 24-item KTQoL was evaluated using factor analysis and an experts’ panel, respectively. The questionnaire was validated in 50 KT patients, conducted before and after conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus. Internal consistency was evaluated based on Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Results: The KTQoL showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.71 to 0.88). Besides the Concerns category, both the general and specific QoL of KT patients were relatively good (≥70% of positive responses) and did not change markedly after conversion to the once-daily regimen (42.9±8.8 vs. 43.6±8.6, P=0.740). After conversion, men scored better than women in total KTQoL, Specific QoL, and Symptoms, while employed patients had better Daily Life scores and showed greater improvement in Daily Life scores compared with unemployed patients. Conclusions: The KTQoL seems to be a reliable instrument to evaluate general and specific QoL in Korean KT patients. Most patients evaluated their QoL positively. Conversion to once-daily tacrolimus had no significant effect on QoL in the total sample of KT patients. The QoL of men and/or employed persons might improve more after conversion to once-daily tacrolimus.
( Jinsoo Rhu ),( Gyu-seong Choi ),( Jong Man Kim ),( Jae-won Joh ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: This study was designed to analyze the clinical impact of our new bile duct division technique during laparoscopic living donor hepatectomy. Methods: Laparoscopic donor hepatectomy performed by a single surgeon between December 2016 to August 2019 were included. The magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography of the donors were reconstructed and the length of the common channel of the dividing intrahepatic duct was measured. Patients were divided into two groups based on the bile duct division technique of ‘clip and cut’ and ‘cut and clip’. Outcome of bile duct division was categorized based on the graft and bile duct type and number of bile duct opening Results: A total of 159 transplantations were included. There were more patients with bile duct division point within the common channel in the ‘cut and clip’ group (77.5% vs. 90.6%, P=0.039). While ‘cut and clip’ only showed a trend toward significance for better biliary stricture-free survival compared to ‘clip and cut’ (P=0.057), it showed significantly superior biliary stricture-free survival in cases with a common channel of intrahepatic ducts. (n=128, P=0.029) When cases were subdivided based on the length of the common channel, ‘cut and clip’ showed significantly superior outcome in donors with a common channel shorter than 10 millimeters (P=0.043) while the outcomes were similar in cases with 10 to 14.99 millimeters (P=0.236) and longer than 15 millimeters (P=1.000). Conclusions: ‘Cut and clip’ technique during bile duct division of laparoscopic donor hepatectomy showed superior outcome in bile duct division and biliary stricture-free survival of the recipients.