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Details of recurrence sites after definitive radiation therapy for cervical cancer
Reiko Kobayashi,Hideomi Yamashita,Kae Okuma,Kuni Ohtomo,Keiichi Nakagawa 대한부인종양학회 2016 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.27 No.2
Objective: This is a retrospective study aimed at clarifying the details of recurrence patterns and sites in patients with cervical cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT). Methods: Data were analyzed from consecutive patients, admitted to the University of Tokyo Hospital (Tokyo, Japan) between 2001 and 2013, who had received definitive RT, with or without chemotherapy, for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages IB– IVA cervical cancer. Results: One hundred and thirty-seven patients formed the patient cohort. The median follow-up period for surviving patients was 57.0 months. A complete response was achieved in 121 patients (88%). Of these, 36 (30%) developed a cancer recurrence during follow-up. The first sites of recurrence were located in intra-RT fields in nine, outside RT fields in 20, and both in seven patients. In the intra-RT field group, all patients showed a local recurrence, while no one experienced an isolated pelvic lymph node (PLN) recurrence. In the outside RT field group, the most frequent site of recurrence was lung (60%), and three-quarters of patients were free from intra-RT field recurrence until the last follow-up. Of the entire cohort, including 48 PLN-positive patients, only seven patients (5.1%) developed PLN persistence or recurrence, all in the common iliac, internal iliac, and/or obturator nodes, and all with another synchronous relapse. Conclusion: Local disease was a major type of intra-RT field recurrence, while PLN control was favorable even in initially PLN-positive patients. The predominance of outside RT field recurrence alone highlights issues concerning distant control, including the intensity enhancement of systematic therapy.
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大韓帝國政府による間島における朝鮮人保護政策 : 界警務署と北墾島視察使,管理使李範允を中心に
小林玲子 ( Kobayashi Reiko ) 東亞大學校附設 石堂傳統文化硏究院 2010 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.46
Establishing the Byeongye Police Office on the southern banks of the Tuman River in 1901, the government dispatched Li Beom-Yun as “Bukgando” Inspector in charge of the Koreans of Gando. In 1903 his official title was changed to “Bukgando” Administrator. This text aims to verify the role and review the activities of this office and its policies. The Byeongye Police Office handled civil lawsuits for Koreans in the Tuman River Valley. The office had authority and jurisdiction over Koreans in Gando as well and aimed to expand the authority of the Korean government to Gando, which they renamed “Bukgando.” The office`s activities were analyzed using the “邊界警務署鍾城分署ノ日記中間島關係事件발수” held in the Diplomatic Record Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. This historical document contains daily reports from the Byeongye Police Office. The Korean government`s Home Office (內部) was deliberate in both its changing of the Qing name Gando(間島)to the Korean Bukgando(北墾島)and it`s appointment of Inspector Li who was given military powers to execute his mission. In these two measures, the Korean government aimed not only to protect the Korean people of “Bukgando” but also to include Gando within the boundaries of the Korean territory. This text argues that both establishment of the Byeongye Police Office and the Dispatch of Li Beom-Yun were aggressive policies. However the Korean government also intentionally added passive element to its policy. The Byeongye Police Office sent policemen to Gando and took Korean suspects to the Byeongye Police Office in North Hamgyeong Province, but it did not arrest Chinese suspects. Inspector Li requested the dispatch of Korean Military forces to Gando, but in order to avoid becoming embroiled in a national war with the Qing Empire, the Korean government did not approve their dispatch. 대한제국 정부는 1900년대에 들어서면서, 자국국민의 보호정책으로써 간도 거주 조선인에 대한 적극적인 보호 정책을 추진했다. 1901년에 두만강 남쪽 언덕에 변계경무서를 설치하고, 1902년에는 간도 현지에서 조선인을 관할(管轄)할 목적으로 이범윤을 북간도(北墾島)시찰사(이후에 관리사)로 파견했다. 본고에서는, 이 2개의 시책 역할과 활동을 검증하고, 한국 정부의 간도에 대한 정책을 고찰하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 변계경무서에 대해서는, 두만강 연안유역 조선인의 민사사건에 관한 호소를 받고, 그것에 기초하여, 간도에 사는 조선인에 대하여 경찰권, 사법권을 행사하는 일련의 활동을 했다. 그리고 그 사례를 이용하고 입체적으로 해명했다. 사례의 역사자료는 일본의 외무성 외교 사료관에 소장되고 있는 「舊邊界警務署鍾城分署ノ日記中間島關係事件발수」를 채용해서 정리했다. 한편 이범윤은 간도에 사는 조선인을 「巡察撫諭」 하는 것을 목적으로, 직명은 「북간도 시찰사(관리사)」로서 간도에 파견되었다. 그것은 한국 정부의 내부에서 명령한 것이고, 또 한국이 간도를 일방적으로 「북간도(北墾島)」라고 불렀기 때문이다. 그에 따라 2개의 수단에 의해 간도의 조선인의 보호뿐만 아니라 간도를 조선의 연장이라고 주장하는 것을 노린 것이었다. 이범윤은 무력을 쓴 보호 활동을 했기 때문에 청나라는 한국 정부에 대하여 이범윤의 해고를 요구했지만, 한국 정부는 곧바로는 응하지 않고 일정한 기간 이범윤의 활동을 그대로 허용한다고 하는 방법으로 적극책을 계속하려고 한 것이다. 변계경무서도, 이범윤의 파견도, 한국 정부에 의한 적극책이었던 것을 밝힌 뒤에, 적극책 속에서도 한편 소극적으로 대책을 세운 것에 대한 증명을 이 논문에서 밝히고 싶었다. 구체적으로는 변계경무서는 간도에 경관을 보내고 용의자인 조선인을 함경북도에 잡아두고 있었지만 청나라 사람까지 체포의 대상으로 하지 않고 관할 범위를 조선인에 한정하고 있었다. 한편 본고에서는, 이범윤이 한국 정부에게 진위대를 간도에 파견할 것을 요구했지만 정부는 인정하지 않고, 청나라와 대립을 피하고 있었던 점을 지적했다. 결국 1904년에는 이범윤이 해고되고 1907년에는 변계경무서가 폐지되었지만 이것은 한국 정부 정책의 한계를 보이는 것이 아니다. 오히려 대한제국 정부가 주체적으로 청나라에 대해서 적대하는 행동을 삼가 하는 방책에 의한 것이다. 즉 대한제국 정부에 의한 간도에 관한 적극적인 정책은, 청나라와의 직접적인 대립을 회피하면서, 실행되고 있었던 것이다.
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Oral Session : Effects of Exercise on 24-h Fat oxidation Depend on When It is Performed
( Kumpei Tokuyama ),( Kaito Iwayama ),( Reiko Kurihara ),( Ryousuke Kawabuchi ),( In Sung Park ),( Hitomi Ogata ),( Nana Kurosawa ),( Masashi Kobayashi ),( Kazuteru Nakamura ),( Yoshiharu Nabekura ) 한국체육학회 2013 In Pursuit of Evidence-Based Sport and Exercise Sc Vol.0 No.-
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An, Byung Chull,Sakai, Tsuyoshi,Komaba, Shigeru,Kishi, Hiroko,Kobayashi, Sei,Kim, Jin Young,Ikebe, Reiko,Ikebe, Mistuo American Chemical Society 2014 Biochemistry Vol.53 No.49
<P/><P>Motor activity of myosin III is regulated by autophosphorylation. To investigate the role of the kinase activity on the transporter function of myosin IIIA (Myo3A), we identified the phosphorylation sites of kinase domain (KD), which is responsible for the regulation of kinase activity and thus motor function. Using mass spectrometry, we identified six phosphorylation sites in the KD, which are highly conserved among class III myosins and Ste20-related misshapen (Msn) kinases. Two predominant sites, Thr<SUP>184</SUP> and Thr<SUP>188</SUP>, in KD are important for phosphorylation of the KD as well as the motor domain, which regulates the affinity for actin. In the Caco2 cells, the full-length human Myo3A (hMyo3AFull) markedly enlarged the microvilli, although it did not show discrete localization within the microvilli. On the other hand, hMyo3AFull(T184A) and hMyo3AFull(T188A) both showed clear localization at the microvilli tips. Our results suggest that Myo3A induces large actin bundle formation to form microvilli, and phosphorylation of KD at Thr<SUP>184</SUP> and Thr<SUP>188</SUP> is critical for the kinase activity of Myo3A, and regulation of Myo3A translocation to the tip of microvilli. Retinal extracts potently dephosphorylate both KD and motor domain without IQ motifs (MDIQo), which was inhibited by okadaic acid (OA) with nanomolar range and by tautomycetin (TMC) with micromolar range. The results suggest that Myo3A phosphatase is protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A). Supporting this result, recombinant PP2Ac potently dephosphorylates both KD and MDIQo. We propose that the phosphorylation–dephosphorylation mechanism plays an essential role in mediating the transport and actin bundle formation and stability functions of hMyo3A.</P>
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