Penetration testing of 3D printed projectiles made of various types of polymers

Muhamed Bisić,Faruk Razić,Adi Pandžić,Mustafa Bevrnja 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.11

This paper presented an experimental process of penetration testing of FDM 3D printed projectiles made of 5 different types of polymers. Phases of design and 3D printing procedure are described, along with details about materials. Experiment is conducted on an improvised set-up with compressed air used for launching projectiles. Each material was tested with 3 projectiles launched at wooden boards. Muzzle velocity and penetration depth are measured and used for different calculations. Results show interesting and mostly unexpected penetration depth values of different materials. Based on several standards, some of the projectiles can be considered very dangerous and potentially lethal.

Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Retaining Walls Via Hybrid Firefly Algorithm With Upper Bound Strategy

Razi Sheikholeslami,Behnam Gholipour Khalili,Ali Sadollah,김중훈 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.6

This paper represents a novel hybrid optimization method that uses an improved firefly algorithm with a harmony search algorithm (IFA-HS), for optimizing the cost of reinforced concrete retaining walls. The IFA-HS is utilized to find an economical design adhering to ACI 318-05 provisions. Two design examples regarding retaining walls are optimized using the proposed hybrid method, and the optimization results confirm the validity and efficiency of the developed algorithm. The IFA-HS method offers improvements on the recently developed firefly algorithm. These improvements include utilizing the memory that contains information extracted online during a search, employing pitch adjusting operation of HS during firefly updates, and modifying the movement phase of the FA. Moreover, to decrease the computational effort of the IFA-HS, the upper bound strategy, which is a recently developed strategy for reducing the total number of structural analyses, is incorporated during the optimization process.

Ping-Pong Energy Transfer in a Boron Dipyrromethane Containing Pt(II)-Schiff Base Complex: Synthesis, Photophysical Studies, and Anti-Stokes Shift Increase in Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion

Razi, Syed S.,Koo, Yun Hee,Kim, Woojae,Yang, Wenbo,Wang, Zhijia,Gobeze, Habtom,D’Souza, Francis,Zhao, Jianzhang,Kim, Dongho American Chemical Society 2018 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.57 No.9

<P>A boron dipyrromethane (BDP)-containing Pt(II)-Schiff base complex (<B>Pt-BDP</B>), showing ping-pong singlet-triplet energy transfer, was synthesized, and the detailed photophysical properties were investigated using various steady-state and time-resolved transient spectroscopies. Femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies demonstrated that, upon selective excitation of the BDP unit in <B>Pt-BDP</B> at 490 nm, Förster resonance energy transfer from the BDP unit to the Pt(II) coordination center occurred (6.7 ps), accompanied by an ultrafast intersystem crossing at the Pt(II) coordination center (<1 ps) and triplet-triplet energy transfer back to the BDP moiety (148 ps). These processes generated a triplet state localized at BDP, and the lifetime was 103.2 μs, much longer than the triplet-state lifetime of <B>Pt-Ph</B> (3.5 μs), a complex without the BDP moiety. Finally, <B>Pt-BDP</B> was used as a triplet photosensitizer for triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion through selective excitation of the BDP unit or the Pt(II) coordination center at lower excitation energy. An upconversion quantum yield of up to 10% was observed with selective excitation of the BDP moiety, and a large anti-Stokes shift of 0.65 eV was observed upon excitation of the lower-energy band of the Pt(II) coordination center. We propose that using triplet photosensitizers with the ping-pong energy-transfer process may become a useful method for increasing the anti-Stokes shift of TTA upconversion.</P><P>BDP was attached on the Pt(II)−Schiff base framework. Forward singlet energy transfer (6.7 ps) occurs from BDP to the Pt(II) coordination center, followed by backward triplet energy transfer (148 ps). The T<SUB>1</SUB> state is on BDP (103.2 μs; parent complex, 3.5 μs). The anti-Stokes shift of triplet−triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion increased to 5290 cm<SUP>−1</SUP> with excitation into the BDP moiety compared to direct excitation into the Pt(II) center (2660 cm<SUP>−1</SUP>). The TTA upconversion quantum yield is up to 10%.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Changing Trends of Types of Skin Cancer in Iran

Razi, Saeid,Rafiemanesh, Hosein,Ghoncheh, Mahshid,Khani, Yousef,Salehiniya, Hamid Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. It has an increasing trend. This study investigated the epidemiological trend and morphological changes in skin cancer in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was done using existing data, extracted from the National Cancer Registry System and the Disease Management Center of Iranian Ministry of Health between 2003 and 2008. Data on epidemiologic trend was analyzed using Joinpoint software package. Results: The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in Iran, and more in men than women. There was a declining trend for basal cell carcinoma. Basal squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma had an increasing trend. The increase of skin cancer was related to squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the increase of skin cancer was attributed to squamous cell carcinoma. It is necessary to be planning for the control and prevention of this disease as a priority for health policy makers.

Clinical Data Warehouse Issues and Challenges

Razi O. Mohammed,Samani A. Talab 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.5

The Clinical Data Warehouse is a result of utilizing data warehouse technology in medical field. The clinical data usually collect from various sources (Clinical information system, and Patient data management system), and stored into data warehouse to be analyzed to make better use of their clinical data in order to Support decision making. The diversity of the nature of clinical data from other business data produces several challenges. These challenges include the clinical data format, business analysis, data integration, data quality, and ETL process. The paper is discussing the issues and challenges to address developing of a successful Data Ware Housing for medical organization, which provide a rich knowledge environment to support effective decision making and support research work. The paper concluded significant handling of these issues which affect the development phase of the Clinical Data Warehouse systems.

Monitoring of Deforestation Rate and Trend in Sabah between 1990 and 2008 Using Multitemporal Landsat Data

Razis Osman,Mui-How Phua,Zia Yiing Ling,Kamlisa Uni Kamlun 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.3

Deforestation is a major and very critical problem faced by many tropical countries including Malaysia. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and its deforestation rate has been accelerating. This study was conducted to monitor the deforestation in Sabah in the last two decades with Landsat images of 1990, 2000 and 2008. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted using the Landsat data for monitoring deforestation. In total, between 1990 and 2008, Sabah lost half of its intact forest, or more than 1.85 million ha in less than two decades. Overall, the deforestation rate for all forest types combined for the last two decades was 1.6% per year. Deforestation seemed to be accelerating because the deforestation rate between 1990 and 2000 was 0.9% per year and it had increased to 2.7% per year between 2000 and 2008. The deforestation trend seemed to follow a negative exponential from 1990 to 2008. In contrast, the agricultural areas increased rapidly with a total of increment more than 1 million ha. This confirmed that agriculture especially establishment of commercial plantation was the major factor of deforestation in Sabah for the last two decades.

Inhibitory effect of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Against Benzo[a] Pyrene-Induced Rise in CYP1A1 mRNA and Apoprotein Levels as its Chemopreventive Properties

Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull,Konsue, Nattaya,Ioannides, Costas Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), the most comprehensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate, has been shown to act as an anti-cancer agent mainly through modulation of biotransformation enzymes responsible for metabolizing carcinogens in the human body. Humans are often exposed to carcinogenic factors, some of which through the diet, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene via the consumption of over-cooked meats. Inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of this carcinogen, for example CYP1A1, the major enzyme required for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioactivation, is recognized as a chemoprevention strategy. Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of PEITC against benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels. Materials and Methods: Precision cut rat liver slices were treated with benzo[a]pyrene at 1 and $5{\mu}M$ in the presence of PEITC ($1-25{\mu}M$) for 24 hours, followed by determination of CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Results: Findings revealed that PEITC inhibited benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner as well as the apoprotein levels of CYP1A. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that PEITC can directly inhibit the bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene, indicating chemopreventive potential.

Naturally-Occurring Glucosinolates, Glucoraphanin and Glucoerucin, are Antagonists to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor as Their Chemopreventive Potency

Razis, Ahmad Faizal Abdull,Noor, Noramaliza Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

As a cytosolic transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor is involved in several pathophysiological events leading to immunosuppression and cancer; hence antagonists of the Ah receptor may possess chemoprevention properties. It is known to modulate carcinogen-metabolising enzymes, for instance the CYP1 family of cytochromes P450 and quinone reductase, both important in the biotransformation of many chemical carcinogens via regulating phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Utilising chemically-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay it was revealed that intact glucosinolates, glucoraphanin and glucoerucin, isolated from Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala sabellica and Eruca sativa ripe seeds, respectively, are such antagonists. Both glucosinolates were poor ligands for the Ah receptor; however, they effectively antagonised activation of the receptor by the avid ligand benzo[a]pyrene. Indeed, intact glucosinolate glucoraphanin was a more potent antagonist to the receptor than glucoerucin. It can be concluded that both glucosinolates effectively act as antagonists for the Ah receptor, and this may contribute to their established chemoprevention potency.

Monitoring of Deforestation Rate and Trend in Sabah between 1990 and 2008 Using Multitemporal Landsat Data

Osman, Razis,Phua, Mui-How,Ling, Zia Yiing,Kamlun, Kamlisa Uni Institute of Forest Science 2012 Journal of Forest Science Vol.28 No.3

Deforestation is a major and very critical problem faced by many tropical countries including Malaysia. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and its deforestation rate has been accelerating. This study was conducted to monitor the deforestation in Sabah in the last two decades with Landsat images of 1990, 2000 and 2008. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted using the Landsat data for monitoring deforestation. In total, between 1990 and 2008, Sabah lost half of its intact forest, or more than 1.85 million ha in less than two decades. Overall, the deforestation rate for all forest types combined for the last two decades was 1.6% per year. Deforestation seemed to be accelerating because the deforestation rate between 1990 and 2000 was 0.9% per year and it had increased to 2.7% per year between 2000 and 2008. The deforestation trend seemed to follow a negative exponential from 1990 to 2008. In contrast, the agricultural areas increased rapidly with a total of increment more than 1 million ha. This confirmed that agriculture especially establishment of commercial plantation was the major factor of deforestation in Sabah for the last two decades.

Cruciferous Vegetables: Dietary Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention

Abdull Razis, Ahmad Faizal,Noor, Noramaliza Mohd Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Relationships between diet and health have attracted attention for centuries; but links between diet and cancer have been a focus only in recent decades. The consumption of diet-containing carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines is most closely correlated with increasing cancer risk. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary phytochemicals found in vegetables and fruit can decrease cancer incidence. Among the various vegetables, broccoli and other cruciferous species appear most closely associated with reduced cancer risk in organs such as the colorectum, lung, prostate and breast. The protecting effects against cancer risk have been attributed, at least partly, due to their comparatively high amounts of glucosinolates, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Glucosinolates, a class of sulphur-containing glycosides, present at substantial amounts in cruciferous vegetables, and their breakdown products such as the isothiocyanates, are believed to be responsible for their health benefits. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive effect of these compounds are likely to be manifold, possibly concerning very complex interactions, and thus difficult to fully understand. Therefore, this article provides a brief overview about the mechanism of such compounds involved in modulation of carcinogen metabolising enzyme systems.