Criteria for Safe Handling and Disposal of NORM Residue

Razali Harun,Abdul Aziz Mohamed 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

In Malaysia, there are several industries processing mineral ores generate residues containing naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) with activity concentrations above the control limits established by the Malaysian Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB). These industries use mineral ores or concentrated ores as their feed materials to produce or extract valuable sand minerals or rare earth compounds for use in another industries. The control limits for activity concentrations of Uranium-238 (U-238) and Thorium-232 (Th-232) and their decay series is 1.0 Becquerel per gram (Bq·g?1) while activity concentration of Potassium 40 (K-40) is 10.0 Bq·g?1. The management of residue containing NORM radioactivity above the control limits must be done in accordance with current rules and regulations including proper handling, storage, transportation and/or disposal. Where possible, appropriate mixture process with other non-radiological material would reduce the activity concentrations to below the control limits. Depending on specific characteristics of residue, appropriate approach to reuse or recycle should be encouraged as part of special waste management. For this case, an exemption to release it from radiological controls can be applied but require scrutiny review and approval process by AELB. In addition, the health and safety aspects and environmental issues should be assessed which to be done in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations. As a last resort, a disposal of residue containing NORM radioactivity shall be done at the landfill disposal facility approved by AELB and other relevant Authorities.

Sustainable wastewater treatment and recycling in membrane manufacturing

Razali, Mayamin,Kim, Jeong F.,Attfield, Martin,Budd, Peter M.,Drioli, Enrico,Lee, Young Moo,Szekely, Gyorgy The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 GREEN CHEMISTRY Vol.17 No.12

<P>It is widely accepted that membrane technology is a green and sustainable process; however, it is not well known that the membrane fabrication process itself is quite far from green, with more than 50 billion liters of wastewater being generated every year contaminated with toxic solvents such as DMF and NMP. This urgent challenge is often overlooked and recent attempts to improve the sustainability of membrane fabrication have been limited to the replacement of toxic solvents with greener alternatives. Our recent survey from membrane industries indicates that such wastewater contributes to more than 95% of the total waste generated during the membrane fabrication process, and their disposal is considered cumbersome. Hence, recycling wastewater in the membrane industry is a pressing challenge to be resolved to augment the rapidly growing membrane market. In this work, a continuous wastewater treatment process is proposed and the quality of the recycled water was validated through membrane fabrication and performance tests. Seven different classes of adsorbents—graphene, polymers with intrinsic microporosity, imprinted polymers, zeolites, metal organic frameworks, activated carbon, and resins—were evaluated. The isotherm and kinetic behaviors of the best adsorbents have been fully characterized and the adsorbent regenerability without any performance loss has been confirmed for up to 10 wastewater treatment cycles. It has been demonstrated that over 99% of the organic impurities in the wastewater can be successfully removed and the recycled water can be reused without adverse effects on the final membrane performance. The proposed wastewater treatment technique can reduce the process mass intensity (PMI) of membrane fabrication by 99.9% per m<SUP>2</SUP> of the membrane produced. The required energy duty for different regeneration methods and wastewater treatment methods revealed that the adsorption technology is the most effective method, with the lowest energy requirement of about 1200 kJ per m<SUP>2</SUP> of the membrane produced.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Tackling the wastewater challenge in polymer membrane manufacturing with a continuous adsorption process. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5gc01937k'> </P>

Exploring and Exploiting the Effect of Solvent Treatment in Membrane Separations

Razali, Mayamin,Didaskalou, Christos,Kim, Jeong F.,Babaei, Masoud,Drioli, Enrico,Lee, Young Moo,Szekely, Gyorgy American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.12

<P>It is well-known that solvent treatment and preconditioning play an important role in rejection and flux performance of membranes due to solvent -induced swelling and solvent adsorption. Investigations into the effect of solvent treatment are scarce and application specific, and were limited 2 to a few solvents only. This study reveals the trend in solvent treatment based 'on solvent polarity in a systematic A. investigation with the aim to harness such effect for 0 intensification of membrane processes. Nine solvents with polarity indices ranging from 0.1 to 5.8 (hexane to acetonitrile) were used as treatment and process solvents on commercial Borsig GMT-oNF-2, Evonik Duramem 300, and emerging tailor-made polybenzimidazole membranes. TGA-GCMS, HS-GCFID, and 4\TM.R. techniques were employed to better understand the effect of solvent treatment on the polymer matrix of membranes. In this work) apart from the solvent treatment's direct effect 'on the membrane performance, a subsequent indirect effect on the ultimate separation process was observed. Consequently, a pharmaceutical case study employing chlorhexicline disinfectant and antiseptic was used to demonstrate the effect of solvent treatment on the nanofiltration-based purification. It is shown that treatment of polybenzimidazole membranes with acetone resulted in a 25% increase in product recovery at 99% impurity removal. The cost of the process intensification is negligible in terms of solvent consumption, mass intensity, and processing time.</P>

Survey of Willingness to Accept Chemotherapy among Elderly Malaysian Patients

Razali, Rizah Mazzuin,Bee, Ping Chong,Gan, Gin Gin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: The geriatric population in Malaysia is predicted to increase from 4% of the total population in 1998 to 9.8% by 2020, in parallel with developments in the socioeconomy. Cancer is expected to be a major medical issue among this population. However, the decision for treatment in Malaysia is always decided by the caregivers instead of the elderly patients themselves. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the willingness to accept chemotherapy among elderly Malaysians. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients aged 60 and above from various clinics/wards were recruited. Those giving consent were interviewed using a questionnaire. Results: A total of 75 patients were recruited, 35 patients (47%) with a history of cancer. The median age was 73 years old. There were 29 Chinese (38.7%), 22 Indian (29.3%), 20 Malay (26.7%) and four other ethnicity patients. Some 83% and 73% of patients willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively. Patients with cancer were more willing to accept strong and mild chemotherapy compared to the non-cancer group (88.6% vs 62.5%, P=0.005, 94% vs 80%, P=0.068). On sub-analysis, 71.4% and 42.9% of Chinese patients without a history of cancer were not willing to receive strong and mild chemotherapy, respectively. Conclusions: The majority of elderly patients in UMMC were willing to receive chemotherapy if they had cancer. Experience with previous treatment had positive influence on the willingness to undergo chemotherapy.

An Unscented Rauch-Tung-Striebel Smoother for a Bearing Only Tracking Problem

Saifudin Razali,Keigo Watanabe,Shoichi Maeyama,Kiyotaka Izumi 제어로봇시스템학회 2010 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has become a new technique used in a number of nonlinear estimation problems to overcome the limitation of Taylor series linearization. It uses a deterministic sampling approach known as sigma points to propagate nonlinear systems and has been discussed in many literature. However, a nonlinear smoothing problem has received less attention than the filtering problem. Therefore, in this article we examine an unscented smoother based on Rauch-Tung-Striebel form for discrete-time dynamic systems. This smoother has advantages available in unscented transformation over approximation by Taylor expansion as well as its benefit in derivative free. To evaluate the performance of this smoother, we compare this algorithm with an extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel algorithm through the simulations of a bearing-only tracking problem.

Preliminary Study on In-Situ Modulus Measurement Using Knocking Ball test; A Case Study on Setul Limestone

Mazlina Razali,Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail,Andrew Lee Kwan Yee,Raja Asyraf Azizan Raja Adnan,Kenichi Kawano,Kensuke Date,Yasuhiro Yokota,Sharan Kumar Nagendran,Zuraini Zainal 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.8

The in-situ elastic modulus (E) is a vital parameter for describing rock strength in many engineering projects on rock slopes. The elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) are typically investigated via laboratory tests using core samples. However, the direct determination of E is costly and time-consuming in preparing many intact samples from highly weathered Setul limestone. The knocking ball testing method is a non-destructive test that can quickly and easily obtain the elastic modulus of rock in-situ by striking the surface of a rock mass with a spherical steel hammer. This study presents the relationship between the elastic modulus of knocking ball (Ekb) and the uniaxial compressive strength of the Schmidt hammer (UCS-Schmidt). Results show that the regression coefficient correlation, R2 is 0.851, indicating a positive trend with a few outliers. The measured Ekb were also verified with mineral propertiesand correlated to differential weathering grades to confirm the accuracy of measurement results. The finding compared to previous similar studies tested on several types of rock show a statistically significant. This research highlights the effectiveness of the knocking ball method for determining the modulus of rock slope at different weathering grades. A high elastic modulus corresponds to a high uniaxial compressive strength, verified by the laboratory test. This study shows that the knocking ball can be useful for predicting in-situ elastic modulus.

Women and Substance Abuse: Examining the Factors Influencing Relapse

Asbah Razali,Zainal Madon,Mohammed Salah Hassan 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 Asian Women Vol.37 No.3

Substance abuse in society is a source of concern, especially since it is spreading among women. Previously, substance abuse was associated with drug use by men, but today, women are increasingly involved as well. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence relapse among female former addicts. This was a cross-sectional study of 50 former substance abusers, six months after receiving treatment at the Cure & Care Rehabilitation Centre. All respondents completed the questionnaires and the outcome was evaluated by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show a positive and significant relationship between family support and relapse (r = 0.183), and there is a positive and significant relationship between support from friends and relapse (r = 0.009). On the other hand, there is a significant but negative relationship between motivation and relapse (r = -0.387). There is also a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and relapse (r = -0.035). Women with drug addiction suffer from multiple stresses and a high risk of relapse and require significant social support from family and friends to resist the urge to relapse. It may be concluded that the inclination to relapse decreases when there is an increase in family and friend support, motivation, and self-esteem.

Practical Acquisition and Application of Flow stresses Emphasizing on Influence of Recrystallization Using Optimization Technique

M. K. Razali(모하마드카스완디라자리),M. Irani(이라니 미쌈),M. S. Joun(전만수) 한국소성가공학회 2018 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Consideration of Voce’s flow stress model and its variants

M. K. Razali(모하마드카스완디라자리),M. Irani(이라니 미쌈),M. S. Joun(전만수) 한국소성가공학회 2018 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

마그네슘 합금의 고온 유동응력 수식모델의 비교

M. K. Razali,유재동(J. D. Yoo),전만수(M. S. Joun) 한국소성가공학회 2021 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.5