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        NEDD4L suppresses PD-L1 expression and enhances anti-tumor immune response in A549 cells

        Zhong Bin,Zheng Jie,Wen Huilan,Liao Xinhui,Chen Xingxiang,Rao Yunwei,Yuan Ping 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.9

        Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a salient threat to public health. E3 ubiquitin ligase commonly functions as an anti-tumor role. Objective: This study probed the effect of E3 ligase NEDD4L on A549 cells. Methods: NEDD4L expression in NSCLC and its correlation with NSCLC patient's prognosis were predicted and verified. PD-L1 protein level was measured, and the correlation between NEDD4L and PD-L1 was analyzed. The effects of NEDD4L overexpression on the binding of NEDD4L to PD-L1 and ubiquitination level of PD-L1 were examined. Xenograft tumor model was established in mice. The volume and weight of xenograft tumors were recorded. The proportion of CD8+ T cells and contents of IL-2 and INF-γ were detected. Results: NEDD4L expression was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and A549 cells, and correlated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. PD-L1 was upregulated in NSCLC and negatively correlated with NEDD4L. Overexpression of NEDD4L upregulated ubiquitination level of PD-L1 and reduced protein level of PD-L1. Overexpression of NEDD4L decreased tumor volume and weight and enhanced proportion of CD8+ T cells and contents of IL-2 and INF-γ. Conclusions: Collectively, overexpression of NEDD4L suppressed PD-L1 protein level through ubiquitination, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immune response and retarding NSCLC progression.

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        Accuracy Analysis for 3D Model Measurement Based on Digital Close-range Photogrammetry Technique for the Deep Foundation Pit Deformation Monitoring

        Lei-lei Guan,Yong-gui Chen,Rao-ping Liao 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.2

        The deformation of deep foundation pits (DFP) may pose a huge potential threat to the safety of the bracing system and the surrounding environment. A large amount of deformation data facilitates the deformation prediction of DFP and the dynamic adjustment of the bracing scheme. This study proposes and validates a 3D modeling technique based on digital close-range photogrammetry, which can obtain sufficient deformation data and enhance the understanding of deformation patterns. Two typical sets of deformation experiments, namely the vertical deformation test and the horizontal deformation test, were conducted to examine the viability and accuracy of 3D model measurement. Furthermore, the factors affecting the accuracy of the measurement were discussed in detail. The results indicate that the measurement accuracy of 3D models can reach millimeter-level or even sub-millimeter level. The measurement accuracy is affected by the coupling of the pixel resolution of CCD, focal length, photographic distance, and photographic baseline. The increase in the pixel resolution of CCD and focal length improve the measurement accuracy of 3D model measurement, but increasing photographic distance shows the opposite trend. The ratio of photographic baseline to photographic distance (BDR) has a much greater effect on accuracy than other factors. The photographic distance with a resolution of less than 1.0mm and the BDR value of 0.6 − 1.8 are recommended. Based on the results, it is found that this technique can be adopted as an effective monitoring method in DFP deformation monitoring due to the high precision and labor-saving.

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