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MULTIPARTY KEY AGREEMENT PROTOCOL BASED ON SYMMETRIC TECHNIQUES
Lee, Hyang-Sook,Lee, Young-Ran,Lee, Ju-Hee Korean Mathematical Society 2003 대한수학회논문집 Vol.18 No.1
In this paper, we propose multiparty key agreement protocols by generalizing the Blom's scheme based on 2 variable polynomials. Especially we develop three party and four party key agreement schemes with security. The advantage of the new schemes is to have small demands on storage space.
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The Effect of Metronidazole and Quinacrine on the Morphology and the Excystation of Giardia lamblia
Ran, Namgung,Ryu,Jae-Sook,Lee,Keun-Tae,Soh,Chin-Thack INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1985 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.16 No.1
람블편모충 씨스트의 생사여부를 판정함에 있어 최근 Rice 및 Schaefer Ⅲ(1981)는 시험관내에서 씨스트를 탈낭시켜 영양형이 나오는 비율을 기준으로 하는 합리적인 방법을 개발함으로써 신빙성 있는 판정을 할 수 있게 되었다. 람블편모충의 미세구조에 대하여 Morecki 및 Parker(1967), Sheffield 및 Bjorvatn(1977)이 종래에 광학현미경으로는 밝혀지지 않았던 새로운 미세구조를 관찰하여 보고 하였으나 약제 투여후 원충자체의 형태학적 및 생물학적 변화에 대하여는 연구된바가 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 람블편모충 감염환자에게 약제를 투여했을 경우 배출되는 씨스트가 어떠한 영향을 받는지, 또한 시험관내 실험에서 약제를 투여했을 때 본 원충의 영양형과 씨스트가 어떤 영향을 받는지를 규명하고저 하였다. 람블편모충 씨스트를 Bingham 및 Meyer(1979), Rice 및 Schaefer Ⅲ(1981)의 방법을 수정하여 탈낭시켰고 수식에 따라 탈낭률을 산정하였다. 시험관내에서 약제노출후 씨스트의 탈낭률을 알아보기 위하여 metronidazole 10mg/ml과 quinacrine 28.5mg/ml액속에서 3∼48시간 노출시켰으며, 람블편모충증 환자에서 투약후 탈낭률을 알아보기 위하여 metronidazole과 quinacrine 치료용량을 투여하면 배출된 씨스트를 탈낭시켜 수식에 따라 탈낭률을 산정하였다. 람블편모충을 시험관내에서 약제에 노출시킨 후 미세구조를 관찰하기 위하여 metronidazole과 quinacrine의 minimal immobilizing concentration(MIC)을 Jokipii 및 Jokipii(1980)의 방법에 따라 결정하였으며, 배양 2일째 되는 영양형을 두가지 약제의 MIC에 노출시키고 24시간 배양후 전자현미경 관찰을 위한 조작과정을 거쳐 Hitachi-500투과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 람블편모충 영양형의 약제노출후 효소활성을 관찰하기 위하여 metronidazole, quinacrine의 MIC에 노출된 영양형을 alkaline phosphatase와 peroxidase 기질용액에서 1시간 동안 incubation한후 고정 탈수하여 관찰하였다. 람블편모충 씨스트의 약제노출후 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시험관내에서 metronidazole 10mg/ml, quinacrine 28.5mg/ml에 각각 18시간, 3시간씩 처리한 후 통상적인 방법대로 고정 탈수 염색하여 관찰하였다. 본 실험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 람블편모충 씨스트를 시험관내에서 약제노출후 탈낭률은 약제에 노출시키지 않은 대조군에 비하여 현저히 감소하였으며 metronidazole 노출후에는 48시간에, quinacrine 노출후에는 12시간에 씨스트를 사멸하였다. 2. 람블편모충증 환자에서 투약후 배출되는 씨스트의 탈낭률은 두가지 약제 모두에서 투약전에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 람블편모충 영양형의 시험관내 약제노출 후 형태적인 변화는 metronidazole의 경우 모양이 불규칙해지고 핵막이 파괴되었으며 공포의 수가 증가하였고, quinacrine에서는 핵막과 원형질막이 파괴되고 세포질내 입자가 응집되어 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 4. 람블편모충 영양형의 약제노출후 alkaline phosphatase와 peroxidase 활성도는 두가지 약제에서 모두 대조군에 비하여 현저히 저하되었으며, 약화된 효소의 활성이 세포질, 핵막과 공포의 한계막등에서 관찰되었다. 5. 람블편모충 씨스트의 시험관내 약제노출후 형태적인 변화는 metronidazole의 경우 세포질의 전자밀도가 감소되었고 세포질이 위축되어 열공이 넓어졌고 공포의 수가 증가되었으며, quinacrine의 경우 핵이 파괴되고 공포의 수가 증가되었으며 세포질내 입자가 응집되어 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 metronidazole 및 quinacrine에 노출된 람블편모충의 씨스트는 탈낭률이 현저히 감소되고 영양형과 더불어 미세구조에 현저한 변화를 초래하는 것으로 본다.
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Lee, Jun Ho,Jung, Hwaebong,Yoo, Ran,Park, Yunji,Lee, Hyun-sook,Choe, Yong-Sahm,Lee, Wooyoung Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.284 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report a new portable chemical warfare agent analyzer for miniaturized gas chromatography (mini-GC), comprising a packed column and hydrothermally synthesized Al-doped ZnO quantum dots (AZO QDs). This device uses a small volume of the target gas (1 ml) without pre-concentration and can be used to detect 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) gas, which is a mustard gas simulant, over a wide concentration range. The AZO QD (˜5 nm) sensor exhibited an outstanding sensing response (<I>R</I>) of 5,393 in detecting 20 ppm of 2-CEES; this performance is superior to those of other previously reported 2-CEES sensors based on semiconducting metal oxides. By optimizing the length of the packed column, we successfully decreased the retention time of 2-CEES to ˜150 s. More importantly, the manufactured mini-GC device can be used to selectively detect a small amount of target gas from other gases such as NH<SUB>3</SUB>, NO, and CO. We demonstrated the excellent detection performance of the device for the real-time selective detection of 2-CEES.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We developed a new chemical warfare agent simulant analyzer for 2-CEES detection. </LI> <LI> A sensor based on Al-doped ZnO quantum dots was adopted in a miniaturized GC. </LI> <LI> The detection time of 2-CEES was considerably reduced by optimizing column length. </LI> <LI> The device performed well in sensitive and selective detection in a short time. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Pharmacokinetic and safety evaluation of MB12066, an NQO1 substrate
Lee, Hae Won,Seong, Sook Jin,Ohk, Boram,Kang, Woo Youl,Gwon, Mi-Ri,Kim, Bo Kyung,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Yoon, Young-Ran Dove Medical Press 2017 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.11 No.-
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safety of a newly developed β-lapachone (MB12066) tablet, a natural NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate, in healthy male volunteers.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In a randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, two-treatment study, 100 mg MB12066 or placebo was given twice daily for 8 days to groups of eight or three fasted healthy male subjects, respectively, followed by serial blood sampling. Plasma concentrations for β-lapachone were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters were obtained with non-compartmental analysis. Tolerability was assessed based on physical examinations, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Following a single 100 mg MB12066 oral dose, maximum plasma concentration (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of β-lapachone was 3.56±1.55 ng/mL, and the median (range) time to reach <I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB> was 3 h (2–5 h). After the 8 days of 100 mg twice daily repeated dosing was completed, mean terminal half-life was determined to be 18.16±3.14 h, and the mean area under the plasma concentration vs time curve at steady state was 50.44±29.68 ng·h/mL. Accumulation index was 2.72±0.37. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported, and all reported intensities of AEs were mild.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The results demonstrated that MB12066 was safe and well tolerated in healthy volunteers and that there were no serious AEs. Accumulation in plasma with twice-daily administration was associated with a 2.72 accumulation ratio.</P>
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Lee, Kyu-Hee,Lee, Hyunsu,Yang, Che Ho,Ko, Jeong-Soon,Park, Chang-Hwan,Woo, Ran-Sook,Kim, Joo Yeon,Sun, Woong,Kim, Joung-Hun,Ho, Won-Kyung,Lee, Suk-Ho Society for Neuroscience 2015 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.35 No.50
<P>Expression of neuregulin-2 (NRG2) is intense in a few regions of the adult brain where neurogenesis persists; however, little is understood about its role in developments of newborn neurons. To study the role of NRG2 in synaptogenesis at different developmental stages, newborn granule cells in rat hippocampal slice cultures were labeled with retrovirus encoding tetracycline-inducible microRNA targeting NRG2 and treated with doxycycline (Dox) at the fourth or seventh postinfection day (dpi). The developmental increase of GABAergic postsynaptic currents (GPSCs) was suppressed by the early Dox treatment (4 dpi), but not by late treatment (7 dpi). The late Dox treatment was used to study the effect of NRG2 depletion specific to excitatory synaptogenesis. The Dox effect on EPSCs emerged 4 d after the impairment in dendritic outgrowth became evident (10 dpi). Notably, Dox treatment abolished the developmental increases of AMPA-receptor mediated EPSCs and the AMPA/NMDA ratio, indicating impaired maturation of glutamatergic synapses. In contrast to GPSCs, Dox effects on EPSCs and dendritic growth were independent of ErbB4 and rescued by concurrent overexpression of NRG2 intracellular domain. These results suggest that forward signaling of NRG2 mediates GABAergic synaptogenesis and its reverse signaling contributes to dendritic outgrowth and maturation of glutamatergic synapses.</P><P><B>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</B> The hippocampal dentate gyrus is one of special brain regions where neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood. Synaptogenesis is a critical step for newborn neurons to be integrated into preexisting neural network. Because neuregulin-2 (NRG2), a growth factor, is intensely expressed in these regions, we investigated whether it plays a role in synaptogenesis and dendritic growth. We found that NRG2 has dual roles in the development of newborn neurons. For GABAergic synaptogenesis, the extracellular domain of NRG2 acts as a ligand for a receptor on GABAergic neurons. In contrast, its intracellular domain was essential for dendritic outgrowth and glutamatergic synapse maturation. These results imply that NRG2 may play a critical role in network integration of newborn neurons.</P>
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Lee, Hae Won,Lim, Mi-sun,Seong, Sook Jin,Lee, Joomi,Park, Jeonghyeon,Seo, Jeong Ju,Yun, Hwi-yeol,Baek, In-hwan,Kwon, Kwang-il,Yoon, Young-Ran Informa UK, Ltd. 2011 Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology Vol.7 No.12
<P><B><I>Objectives:</I></B> An enteric-coated formulation of triflusal (triflusal EC), an antiplatelet agent, was developed to reduce the high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs). The aim of this study is to compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of triflusal EC with triflusal in healthy Korean male subjects to determine bioequivalence and non-inferiority for the purposes of marketing approval.</P><P><B><I>Methods:</I></B> A randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover study was conducted in 38 subjects. Either triflusal EC or triflusal was administered orally as a single 900 mg loading dose (day 1) followed by eight 600 mg/day maintenance doses on days 2 - 9, with a 13-day washout period. The plasma concentrations of 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethyl benzoic acid (HTB), the predominant active metabolite of triflusal, were assessed after administration of the loading dose, using HPLC/MS/MS. The platelet aggregation response to arachidonic acid was determined using turbidimetric aggregometry. </P><P><B><I>Results:</I></B> The 90% CIs, for the geometric mean ratios of the log-transformed AUC<SUB>τ</SUB> and C<SUB>max</SUB> of HTB were seen to be within the predetermined range of 0.8 - 1.25. Triflusal EC was also shown to be non-inferior in its anti-aggregatory effect. No serious AEs were reported during this study.</P><P><B><I>Conclusions:</I></B> The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the two triflusal formulations met the requirements for bioequivalence and non-inferiority, respectively. Both formulations were well tolerated.</P>
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Lee, Dong Soo,Kim, Seung Joon,Jang, Hong Seok,Yoo, Ie Ryung,Park, Kyung Ran,Na, Sae Jung,Lee, Kyo Young,Hong, Sook Hee,Kang, Jin Hyoung,Kim, Young Kyoon,Kim, Yeon Sil,Zhentian, Li. Williams & Wilkins Co 2015 Medicine Vol.94 No.32
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study aimed to elucidate whether the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumors in metabolic imaging correlated with pathological or metastatic characteristics and whether it was prognostic in stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</P><P>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 412 eligible patients between June 2007 and January 2013. All enrolled patients fulfilled the following criteria: they were newly diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC without any previous treatment and had undergone a systemic evaluation, including 18(F)-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography, to assess synchronous metastatic sites. Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed, and clinical correlations between SUVmax and metastatic features were investigated.</P><P>The median age of the study population was 65 years (range, 30–94), and 259 (62.9%) patients were male. The median SUVmax was statistically higher in males, in tumors with squamous cell histology, and in poorly differentiated tumors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SUVmax ≥ 11.4 (top 30 percentiles) were significantly correlated with positive lymph node status (odds ratio [OR] 3.473), abdomen/pelvis metastasis (OR 1.949), and the absence of bone metastasis (OR 0.399) in the subgroup of nonsquamous NSCLC (n = 343). In Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, overall survival was significantly lower among cohorts with high SUVmax (≥11.4) than with low SUVmax (<11.4) (<I>P</I> < 0.001, median 7.4 months vs 12.1 months).</P><P>The tumors with different SUVmax have distinctive metastatic and biological features in stage IV NSCLC. The underlying mechanisms of this unique metabolic biology need to be resolved in future studies.</P>
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