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An Approach for Designing a UMTS and CDMA2000 Dual Standard Compatible Baseband ASIC
Kumar Amit,Bansal Munish,Kumar Ratnam V. Raja Korea Institute of Information and Telecommunicati 2004 정보통신설비학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1
The Third Generation (3G) cellular mobile communication systems aim at providing higher data rates, improved quality of service, support for multimedia applications and global roaming. Cdma2000 and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) have emerged as two leading 3G standards in USA and European countries, respectively. Both the standards are capable of delivering high bandwidth data, voice and multimedia services to users of mobile equipment, but are not directly interoperableand are not available across different geographic areas, due to which global roaming is not possible in true sense of using single mobile equipment. However, both UMTS and cdma2000 are based on wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) as the access method. Due to this, there exist some inherent commonalities between them. In this paper we will try to exploit the commonalities between the two standards in order to design an ASIC, which can provide dual standard capability. This paper discusses the physical layer aspects of the two standards and proposes an approach to design an ASIC which can be mapped to baseband processing part of the physical layer and is capable of delivering for either of the two aforementioned standards.
Kumar Shiny Suresh,Rao Ankita,Srivastava Ashutosh,Yadav Kartikey Kumar,Lenka Raja Kishore 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.11
Methodologies comprising usage of innocuous reagents, lower overall chemical inventory and simplification of process scheme for plutonium recovery from assorted matrices, solid as well as liquid, are key to establishing sustainability of the nuclear fuel cycle. The present study demonstrates, for the first-time, plutonium leaching from different refractory matrices: oxide, mixed oxide as well as simulated cellulosic waste using the benign halide anion free choline citrate - urea (1 : 2 mole ratio) based eutectic solvent (referred to as CU). This mineral acid and hydrofluoric acid-free, non-aqueous route of plutonium recovery with controlled infra-red heating yielded ≥93% efficiency. CU was diluted with biodegradable, less viscous propylene glycol (referred to as PG), which was chosen as the non-aqueous polar phase for facile solid phase extraction (SPE), which is a green alternative to liquid-liquid extraction owing to process simplification and solvent inventory reduction. Exclusive stabilization of tetravalent plutonium in the novel media, confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and electrochemical methods, led to process simplification, eliminating any pre-extraction requirement for oxidation state adjustment. Extractant, di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid encapsulated polyether sulfone beads, prepared by phase inversion method, were employed for efficient SPE of plutonium (Distribution co-efficient, kD=950±6). Selectivity of non-aqueous SPE was found to be Pu(IV)≫UO 2+ 2 >Am(III) vis-à-vis aqueous acid medium.
Raja Hemanth Kumar Potluri,Suresh Bandari,Raju Jukanti,Prabhakar Reddy Veerareddy 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.1
The objective of the study was enhancement of dissolution of poorly soluble carvedilol by solid dispersions (SDs) with Gelucire 50/13 using solvent evaporation method. The solubility of carvedilol showed linear increase with increasing concentrations of Gelucire indicating AL type solubility diagrams. SDs characterized for physicochemical characteristics using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry revealed transformation of crystalline form of drug to amorphous form which was confirmed by scanning electron micrographs. Further fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested there is no drug carrier interaction. From the dissolution parameters such as mean dissolution time, dissolution efficiency and drug release rate, improved dissolution characteristics for SDs were observed compared with physical mixture and pure drug. Thus SDs of carvedilol in Gelucire 50/13 showed enhanced solubility and dissolution rate compared to pure drug.
Submental intubation: alternative short-term airway management in maxillofacial trauma
Ravi Raja Kumar,Suresh Vyloppilli,Shermil Sayd,Annamala Thangavelu,Benny Joseph,Auswaf Ahsan 대한구강악안면외과학회 2016 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.42 No.3
Objectives: To assess submental route intubation as an alternative technique to a tracheostomy in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, along with an assessment of its morbidity and complications. Materials and Methods: Submental intubation was performed in 17 patients who had maxillofacial panfacial trauma and management was done under general anesthesia during a period of one year from 2013 to 2014 at Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Dentistry, the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kochi, India. Results: In all 17 cases, the technique of submental intubation was found to be simple and reliable. Hypertrophic scars were noted in three cases, orocutaneous fistula and mucocele in one case each. All these complications were managed comfortably without significant morbidity to the patient. Conclusion: Submental intubation is a good technique that can be used regularly in the management of the airway in cranio-maxillofacial trauma, but with some manageable complications.
Goud Raja Kiran Kumar,Palukuri Lakshmi,Pawde Sanujit,Dharmapuri Madhulika,Sankar Swati,Chintha Sandeep Reddy 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.3
Purpose: Defects involving the ankle and foot are often the result of road traffic accidents. Many such defects are composite and require a flap for coverage, which is a significant challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Various locoregional options, such as reverse sural artery, reverse peroneal artery, peroneus brevis muscle, perforator-based, and fasciocutaneous flaps, have been used, but each flap type has limitations. In this study, we used the distally based lateral supramalleolar flap to reconstruct distal dorsal defects of the foot. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the flap in reconstructing distal dorsal defects of the foot. The specific objectives were to study the adequacy, reach, and utility of the lateral supramalleolar flap for distal defects of the dorsum of the foot; to observe various complications encountered with the flap; and to study the functional outcomes of reconstruction.Methods: The distal dorsal foot defects of 10 patients were reconstructed with distal lateral supramalleolar flaps over a period of 6 months at a tertiary care center, and the results were analyzed.Results: We were able to effectively cover distal foot defects in all 10 cases. Flap congestion was observed in two cases, and minor graft loss was seen in two cases. Conclusions: The distally based lateral supramalleolar flap is a good pedicled locoregional flap for the coverage of distal dorsal foot and ankle defects of moderate size, with relatively few complications and little morbidity. It can be used as a lifeboat or even substitute for a free flap.
A Study on Unfolding Asymmetric Volatility: A Case Study of National Stock Exchange in India
Ravi Kumar SAMINENI,Raja Babu PUPPALA,Syamsundar KULAPATHI,Shiva Kumar MADAPATHI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
The study aims to find the asymmetric effect in National Stock Exchange in which the Nifty50 is considered as proxy for NSE. A return can be stated as the change in value of a security over a certain time period. Volatility is the rate of change in security value. It is an arithmetical assessment of the dispersion of yields of security prices. Stock prices are extremely unpredictable and make the investment in equities risky. Predicting volatility and modeling are the most profuse areas to explore. The current study describes the association between two variables, namely, stock yields and volatility in equity market in India. The volatility is measured by employing asymmetric GARCH technique, i.e., the EGARCH (1,1) tool, which was used in building the study. The closing prices of Nifty on day-to-day basis were used for analysis from the period 2011 to 2020 with 2,478 observations in the study. The model arrests the lopsided volatility during the mentioned period. The outcome of asymmetric GARCH model revealed the subsistence of leverage effect in the index and confirms the impact of conditional variance as well. Furthermore, the EGARCH technique was evidenced to be apt in seizure of unsymmetrical volatility.
Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Maria Jacob Stani Raja,Mahathevan Kumaresan,Dinesh Kumar Loganathan,Prabhakaran Chandrasekaran 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.2
The removal of basic dye such as methylene blue (MB) dye from the synthetic wastewater was experimentallyinvestigated using an electrolytic cell (EC), adsorption and the combined effect of EC and adsorption technologycalled a three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor (TPTDER). The performance of the each technology was checkedon the basis of the efficiency of the systems. The experimental results are expressed in terms of the removal efficiencyof the dye molecules. The results show that the TPTDER could efficiently remove the dye molecules from the aqueoussolutions when compared with the EC and adsorption process. The removal efficiency reached as high as about 99%for an initial MB dye concentration in the range of 100-1,000 mg/L by TPTDER for 10 min at 12 V cell voltage andat specific airflow conditions. It was also observed that the removal of dye molecules depends upon the initial solutionpH, applied cell voltage, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The recyclability of the particle electrodes in theTPTDER process was also checked. These findings suggest that TPTDER is a promising technology for the removalof dyes from the aqueous solution, and can be applied to the removal of dyes from the industrial effluents.
Bharath Nagarajan Kumar,Abhishek Kumar Shukla,Prerna Guleria,Bhaskar Datt,Sudeep Prakash,Arun Raja Vairam 대한이식학회 2023 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.37 No.2
Renal transplant recipients are prone to a high risk of subsequent upper tract urothelial carcinoma, occurring in both native and transplant ureters. We report a rare case of adenocarcinoma with yolk sac differentiation of the transplant ureter, which was managed successfully with transplant ureterectomy and pyelovesicostomy, thereby salvaging the functioning transplant kidney.