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Capital Structure of Malaysian Companies: Are They Different during the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Nor Khadijah MOHD AZHARI,Radziah MAHMUD,Sara Naquia Hanim SHAHARUDDIN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.4
This study examined the level of capital structure and its determinants of publicly traded companies in Malaysia before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data for this study was examined using Python Programming Language and time-series financial data from 2,784 quarterly observations in 2019 and 2020. The maximum debt is larger before the COVID-19 period, according to the findings. During the COVID-19 period, short-term debts and total debts have both decreased slightly. However, long-term debts have increased marginally. As a result, this research demonstrates that the capital structure has changed slightly during the COVID-19 period. The findings imply that independent of the capital structure proxies, tangibility, liquidity, and business size had an impact on capital structure in both periods. It was found that profitability had a significant impact on total debts both before and after the COVID-19 crisis. While higher-profit enterprises appear to have lesser short-term debts before the COVID-19 periods, they are also more likely to have lower long-term debts during the COVID-19 periods. Even though growing companies tend to have higher short-term debts and thus total debts during those periods, longterm debts are unaffected by potential growth.
Arshad Naji Alhasnawi,Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain,Ahsan A. Kadhimiv,Anizan Isahakb,Azhar Mohamad,Mehdi Farshad Ashraf,Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.5
Salt stress is considered to be the most important abiotic stress and is the main problem in the interruption of the metabolic processes of plants, thereby limiting crop production. The present study was carried out to examine the effects of exogenously applied mushroom polysaccharides (β-glucan) on the growth of two rice varieties of Oryza sativa L. (MRQ74 and MR269) seedlings grown in vitro in 200 Mm sodium chloride (NaCl). Growth characteristics, including shoot and root height, and fresh and dry weight of salt-stressed rice seedlings were inhibited by sodium chloride treatment, the degree of which depends on the rice variety. The negative effects of salinity stress resulted in an imbalance of N, K + Na + and Na/K ratios and biochemical analysis activities a degradation of chlorophyll content in the plants. However, treatment with exogenously applied polysaccharides (β-glucan) ameliorated the stress generated by NaCl and improved the parameters mentioned above. The significance of the changes in growth and metabolism to salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings are discussed in the paper.
Shamala Sundram,Sariah Meon,Idris Abu Seman,Radziah Othman 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.4
Endophytic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 and Burkholderia cepacia UPMB3), isolated from within roots of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), were tested for their presymbiotic effects on two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, (Glomus intraradices UT126 and Glomus clarum BR152B). These endophytic bacteria were also tested for antagonistic effects on Ganoderma boninense PER 71, a white wood rot fungal pathogen that causes a serious disease in oil palm. Spore germination and hyphal length of each arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) pairing with endophytic bacteria was found to be significantly higher than spores plated in the absence of bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the endophytic bacteria were scattered, resting or embedded on the surface hyaline layer or on the degraded walls of AMF spores, possibly feeding on the outer hyaline spore wall. The antagonistic effect of the endophytic bacteria was expressed as severe morphological abnormalities in the hyphal structures of G. boninense PER 71. The effects of the endophytic bacteria on G. boninense PER 71 hyphal structures were observed clearly under SEM. Severe inter-twisting, distortion, lysis and shrivelling of the hyphal structures were observed. This study found that the effect of endophytic bacteria on G. intraradices UT126 and G. clarum BR152B resembled that of a mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) association because the association significantly promoted AMF spore germination and hyphal length. However, the endophytic bacteria were extremely damaging to G. boninense PER 71.