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LIVING PLANTS TO IMPROVE INDOORAIR QUALITY
R.A. Wood,M.D.Burchett,R.L.Orwell 韓國植物 ㆍ人間 ㆍ環境學會 1998 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.1 No.1
몇몇 널리 퍼져있는 대기오염 물질들이 많은 사람들에게 심각한 건강문제를 계속해서 초래하고 있다. 사실 거의 모든 사람들이 위험에 노출되어 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 외부공기에서 발견되고있는 대부분의 오염물질들이 실내공기에서도 발견되있으나 외부공기보다 실내에서 더 집중되어 있다. 따라서 실내공기의 호흡이 인간의 많은 오염물질에 대한 조출에의 주된 결정요소라는 것이 인정되었다. (Krzyzanowski. 1995). 식물들이 그들의 일반적인 생리작용에 의해 많은 잠재적인 유독성의 환경화학물질들은 대사시킬수 있을 거라는 증거들이 증가하고 있다. (Sanderman. 1992, Dennis et at. 1997) 켄차야자를 실내식물구조의 모델로한 지금까지의 연구는 (Burchett et al. 1997, Wood et al. 1997) 식물이 실내공기속의 소실되기 쉬운 기관적 오염물질의 최대 노출 수준을 수차례 제거하는 능력을 가지고 있다는 사실을 보여주고 있다. Some widespread air pollutants continue to pose serious public health risks for many poeple, in fact nearly everyone is at risk. Many pollutants found in outdoor air are found in indoor air but at a higher concentration than outdoors, consequently it is acknowledged that inhalation of indoor airis the major determinant of human exposure to many pollutants (Krzyzanowski, 1995), There is increasing evidence that plants may be able to metabolize many potentially toxic environmental chemicals as part of their normal physiology (Sanderman 1992:Dennis et at, 1997). Work to date (Burchett et at, 1997, Wood et al, 1997), has shown that Kentia palm as a model for indoor plant system, has the capacity to remove several times the maximum occupational exposure levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air.
Shinozuka, Y.,Clarke, A. D.,Nenes, A.,Jefferson, A.,Wood, R.,McNaughton, C. S.,Strö,m, J.,Tunved, P.,Redemann, J.,Thornhill, K. L.,Moore, R. H.,Lathem, T. L.,Lin, J. J.,Yoon, Y. J. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.13
<P>Abstract. We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. For a variety of airborne and ground-based observations not dominated by dust, regression identifies the CCN (cm−3) at 0.4 ± 0.1% supersaturation with 100.3α +1.3σ0.75 where σ (Mm−1) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and α is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of 1 km horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. ∂logCCN / ∂logσ is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. </P>
Kim, Jong Soo,Wood, Sebastian,Shoaee, Safa,Spencer, Steve J.,Castro, Fernando A.,Tsoi, Wing Chung,Murphy, Craig E.,Sim, Myungsun,Cho, Kilwon,Durrant, James R.,Kim, Ji-Seon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.3 No.35
<P>We report detailed analysis of the thin film morphology (molecular packing, molecular conformational order, and vertical phase separation) - performance (charge transport, photocurrent generation, and photovoltaic performance) relationships under nanowire formation and subsequent thermal annealing in polymer:fullerene blends. Nanowires of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are formed by controlled precipitation from solution and blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) to form bulk heterojunction thin films. The formation of nanowires and further thermal annealing result in increased molecular order of the P3HT, where the short-range conformational order is maximised by annealing at 100 °C and decreases when annealed at higher temperatures, but the quality of long-range molecular packing and lamellar packing distance increase with annealing temperature up to 150 °C. The long-range order correlates strongly with an increase in hole mobility, but the reduction in short-range conformational order indicates a slight reduction in planarity of the conjugated backbone in this aggregated polymer morphology. Photoconductive atomic force microscopy reveals enhanced connectivity of the hole transporting nanowire network as a result of thermal annealing. Additionally, we find that the nanowire morphology results in a favourable vertical phase separation, with PCBM enrichment at the electron-extracting surface in the conventional architecture, which is contrary to the non-nanowire case. This effect is further encouraged by thermal annealing, resulting in an enhancement of open-circuit voltage, and represents a morphological advantage over conventional P3HT:PCBM devices. Our study identifies an important interplay between long-range and short-range molecular order in charge generation, transport, extraction, and hence solar cell device performance.</P>
Concepts and practices used to develop functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems
Sah, Hongkee,Thoma, Laura A,Desu, Hari R,Sah, Edel,Wood, George C Dove Medical Press 2013 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.8 No.-
<P>The functionality of bare polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles is limited to drug depot or drug solubilization in their hard cores. They have inherent weaknesses as a drug-delivery system. For instance, when administered intravenously, the nanoparticles undergo rapid clearance from systemic circulation before reaching the site of action. Furthermore, plain PLGA nanoparticles cannot distinguish between different cell types. Recent research shows that surface functionalization of nanoparticles and development of new nanoparticulate dosage forms help overcome these delivery challenges and improve in vivo performance. Immense research efforts have propelled the development of diverse functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate delivery systems. Representative examples include PEGylated micelles/nanoparticles (PEG, polyethylene glycol), polyplexes, polymersomes, core-shell–type lipid-PLGA hybrids, cell-PLGA hybrids, receptor-specific ligand-PLGA conjugates, and theranostics. Each PLGA-based nanoparticulate dosage form has specific features that distinguish it from other nanoparticulate systems. This review focuses on fundamental concepts and practices that are used in the development of various functional nanoparticulate dosage forms. We describe how the attributes of these functional nanoparticulate forms might contribute to achievement of desired therapeutic effects that are not attainable using conventional therapies. Functional PLGA-based nanoparticulate systems are expected to deliver chemotherapeutic, diagnostic, and imaging agents in a highly selective and effective manner.</P>