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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : R. Thilakaratne (검색결과 3 건)
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Implementation of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) on an optimal segment of a long regular bus route
R. S. Thilakaratne,S.C.Wirasinghe 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2016 도시과학국제저널 Vol.20 No.1
Major public transit routes evolve overtime due to changes in demand caused by variations, for example, in land use, household income. As well there are demand/supply interactions due to implementation of new transit technologies such as Light Rail Transit or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and/or changes in mode of service, for example, skip-stop operations. Planning for such transitions must be done carefully and well in advance to enable on-time implementation. In this paper, we consider the transition from a long, regular bus route in a corridor to a route with a limited stop BRT along a segment of the corridor and a modified regular bus service along its full length. This problem is often faced by transit agencies when they try to make decisions regarding the design parameters of a BRT service. This transition can increase the average speed and maximum possible passenger flow on the route. The proposed approach optimizes the headways of the regular and BRT routes, and chooses the termini of the BRT segment as well as the limited BRT stops. Priority for BRT service is given to O–D pairs with a high value of passengerhours, essentially the ‘product of the travel demand and the travel time’. Total optimal system costs before and after the mode transition is considered through analytical modelling, and a simple equation is derived for the difference. If the new optimal total system cost, including costs associated with passenger in-vehicle travel time, waiting time, vehicle operating costs, and system capital costs, is lower, the transition is favoured. Insights into the proposed transition are provided through the analytical modelling approach.
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Development of PCR Assay for Identification of Buffalo Meat
Rajapaksha, W.R.A.K.J.S.,Thilakaratne, I.D.S.I.P.,Chandrasiri, A.D.N.,Niroshan, T.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.7
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to differentiate buffalo meat from the meat of Ceylon spotted deer (Axis axis ceylonensis), Ceylon sambhur (Cervus unicolor unicolor), cattle (Bovine), goat (Caprine), pig (Porcine), and sheep (Ovine). A set of primers were designed according to the sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of bubalus bubalis and by PCR amplification a band of approximately 242 bp band was observed with buffalo DNA. These primers did not cross-react with DNA of other animal species tested in the study under the specified reaction conditions. A band of 649 bp was observed for all animal species tested when DNA was amplified with the universal primers indicating the presence of mitochondrial DNA in the samples. The technique was sensitive enough to identify rotten (10 days post slaughter), dried and cooked buffalo meat. The absence of a cross reaction with human DNA using the buffalo specific primers eliminates possible false positive reactions.
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S.C.Wirasinghe,L. Kattan,M.M. Rahman,J. Hubbell,R. Thilakaratne,S. Anowar 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2013 도시과학국제저널 Vol.17 No.1
Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has been demonstrated to provide efficient and effective public transport that can even increase transit ridership and attractiveness within defined urban corridors in both developing and developed countries. The merit of the BRT system lies in its ability to provide a high quality public transit service with limited infrastructure and at a relatively low capital and operating cost. In this paper an attempt is made to review BRT characteristics in some detail. An overview of the elements of BRT systems: the running ways, vehicles, stations, as well as operational control, fare collection and passenger information systems is presented. This paper also discusses how these elements allows BRT services to achieve the speed, capacity, reliability, accessibility and operational safety characteristics that distinguishes such systems from regular express bus services. Each built BRT system is unique and depends on how these basic elements are designed and integrated. Environmental, social and economic impacts, users’ perception and modal shift towards BRT have also been critically reviewed. With the presence of local land use and transport policies that support high-density and mixed developments, BRT has been found to attract potential developments around stations and along its corridor, increasing land values and promoting sustainable development. As reported in the literature, the infrastructure costs vary greatly depending on the costs of land acquisition, station design, degree of separation from traffic, technological features and material, labor costs. Thus, BRT capital costs cannot be generalised and must be transferred carefully based on the changes of the input costs that vary from one place to another. The barriers to BRT that block the achievement of significant success in customer satisfaction and ridership gains are mentioned with specific case studies. The review of BRT indicates that in some cases it has similar performance to higher order public transit; however, it still has its unique characteristics that set it apart.
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