Thermal degradation characteristic of Tetra Pak panel boards under inert atmosphere

Sabriye Piskin,Aysel Kantürk Figen,Evren Terzi,Nural Yilgör,Saip Nami Kartal 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.4

Thermal degradation characteristics of Tetra Pak panel boards (TPPB) can be useful to improve usage of such panels as an alternative to wood-based products such as plywood, fiberboard, and particleboard. In the study, samples from the TPBBs manufactured from waste Tetra Pak packages (WTPP) were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates (10, 15 and 20 oC/min) using a thermal analysis system. The Coats-Redfern kinetic model was applied to calculate kinetic parameters. The degradation rate equations were then established. In addition, the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) was used to correlate the pre-exponential factor (ko) with activation energy (Ea) and the existence of the KCE was accepted. TG-FT/IR analyses were applied to the TPPB degradation and then the FT-IR stack plot was used to analyze gas products (CO2, CH4, HCOOH, and CH3OH). Infrared vibrational frequencies and the micro,crystal structure of the TPPBs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), respectively.

Fitness gain in a koinobiont parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) by parasitising hosts of different ages

R. Kant,M.A. Minor,S.A. Trewick 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.1

Host age-dependent fitness of Diaeretiella rapae was studied on cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae. When given a choice of nymphs of four different ages (1, 3, 5 and 7 days), females showed a strong preference for oviposition in older nymphs, which were also the largest in the body size, and left the majority of younger nymphs unparasitised. More than 70% of offspring emerged from 5-day and 7-day old parasitised nymphs. Parasitoids develop faster in older hosts than in younger hosts. Development time of males was shorter than females in older hosts, but the development time of males and females was similar in younger hosts. The body size of adult D. rapae was positively correlated with the age of the hosts in which they developed. The sex ratio of offspring was found to be female-biased. A higher proportion of females emerged from older hosts. D. rapae females emerged from older hosts lived significantly longer. The potential fecundity of the females emerged from older (larger in body size) hosts was significantly greater than of those emerged from younger hosts with smaller bodies. Results suggest that D. rapae preferred older hosts to maximise the reproductive fitness gain. The oviposition strategy of D. rapae is discussed in the context of efficiency of this parasitoid in biological control programmes.

Associations of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer Susceptibility in a Northern Indian Population

Shukla, R.K.,Tilak, A.R.,Kumar, C.,Kant, S.,Kumar, A.,Mittal, B.,Bhattacharya, S. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: Susceptibility to lung cancer has been shown to be modulated by inheritance of polymorphic genes encoding cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S transferases (GSTM1 and GSTT1), which are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of environmental toxins. This might be a factor in the variation in lung cancer incidence with ethnicity. Materials and Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 218 northern Indian lung cancer patients along with 238 healthy controls, to assess any association between CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms, either separately or in combination, with the likelihood of development of Lung cancer in our population. Results: We observed a significant difference in the GSTT1 null deletion frequency in this population when compared with other populations (OR=1.87, 95%CI: 1.25-2.80-0.73, P=0.002). However, GSTM1 null genotype was found associated with lung cancer in the non-smoking subgroup. (P=0.170). Conclusions: Our study showed the GSTT1 null polymorphism to be associated with smoking-induced lung cancer and the GSTM1 null polymorphism to have a link with non-smoking related lung cancer.

Plumbagin engenders apoptosis in lung cancer cells via caspase-9 activation and targeting mitochondrial-mediated ROS induction

Surya Kant Tripathi,Kannan R. R. Rengasamy,Bijesh Kumar Biswal 대한약학회 2020 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.43 No.2

Plumbagin is a naturally-derived phytochemicalwhich exhibits promising medicinal properties, includinganticancer activities. In the present study, the anticancerpotential of plumbagin has been demonstrated in lungcancer cells by targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS)and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Plumbaginshowed impressive cytotoxic, anti-proliferative,and anti-migratory activities with IC503.10 ± 0.5 μM and4.10 ± 0.5 μM in A549 and NCI-H522 cells, respectively. Plumbagin treatment significantly reduced the size of A549tumor spheroids in a concentration-dependent manner. Plumbagin enhanced ROS production and arrested lung cancercells in S and G2/M phase. Expression of antioxidantgenes such as glutathione S-transferase P1 and superoxidedismutase-2 were found to be upregulated with plumbagintreatment in A549 cells. Plumbagin induced dissipation inmitochondrial membrane potential and affected the expressionof intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins. Increasedexpression of cytochrome c promotes the activation of proapoptoticprotein Bax with decreased expression of antiapoptoticprotein Bcl-2. Further, plumbagin activated themitochondrial downstream pathway protein caspase-9 andcaspase-3 leading to apoptosis of A549 cells. Collectively,plumbagin could be a promising future phytotherapeuticcandidate for lung cancer treatment via targeting intrinsicmitochondrial apoptotic pathway and ROS.

Design, Synthesis, In Silico Screening, and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Dibenzosuberane Conjugates

Ravi Kant,Keshav Kumar Saini,Ravindra Kumar Upadhyay,Yogender Singh,Y. Veera Manohara Reddy,Shishu Pal Singh,M. Abdul Kareem,K. R. Dasegowda,H. Prabhavati,Rakesh Kumar,박종필,Lalita S. Kumar 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.5

To explore novel and potent compounds with anticancer activity, two series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered dibenzosuberane conjugates (5a-i and 5j-n) were synthesized using a linear and convergent approach. The synthesized novel compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines using the MTT assay to explore their binding interactions with the 5EQG protein. IC50 values revealed that the most active combination against HepG2 cell lines was triazole tethered with an ortho chloro-substituted aryl ring (5g) (IC50: 99.64 μg/mL). The other compounds in the series exhibited comparable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cell lines. The results were substantiated by molecular docking studies. The majority of the compounds demonstrated high binding affinity for the active site of the targeted protein. In addition, in silico drug-likeness prediction by the ADMET method has been explored with these compounds. All synthesized novel derivatives were characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

Geometrically non-linear transient C° finite element analysis of composite and sandwich plates with a refined theory

Kommineni, J.R.,Kant, T. Techno-Press 1993 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.1 No.1

A $C^{\circ}$ continuous finite element formulation of a higher order displacement theory is presented for predicting linear and geometrically non-linear in the sense of von Karman transient responses of composite and sandwich plates. The displacement model accounts for non-linear cubic variation of tangential displacement components through the thickness of the laminate and the theory requires no shear correction coefficients. In the time domain, the explicit central difference integrator is used in conjunction with the special mass matrix diagonalization scheme which conserves the total mass of the element and included effects due to rotary inertia terms. The parametric effects of the time step, finite element mesh, lamination scheme and orthotropy on the linear and geometrically non-linear responses are investigated. Numerical results for central transverse deflection, stresses and stress resultants are presented for square/rectangular composite and sandwich plates under various boundary conditions and loadings and these are compared with the results from other sources. Some new results are also tabulated for future reference.

Exploring the variations of the pancreatic ductal system: a systematic review and meta analysis of observational studies

Adil Asghar,Ravi Kant Narayan,Nagavalli Basavanna Pushpa,Apurba Patra,Kumar Satish Ravi,R. Shane Tubbs 대한해부학회 2024 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.57 No.1

The exocrine part of the pancreas has a duct system called the pancreatic ductal system (PDS). Its mechanism of development is complex, and any reorganization during early embryogenesis can give rise to anatomical variants. The aim of this study is to collect, classify, and analyze published evidence on the importance of anatomical variants of the PDS, addressing gaps in our understanding of such variations. The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify publications relevant to this review. R studio with meta-package was used for data extraction, risk of bias estimation, and statistical analysis. A total of 64 studies out of 1,778 proved suitable for this review and metanalysis. The meta-analysis computed the prevalence of normal variants of the PDS (92% of 10,514 subjects). Type 3 variants and “descending” subtypes of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) predominated in the pooled samples. The mean lengths of the MPD and accessory pancreatic duct (APD) were 16.53 cm and 3.36 cm, respectively. The mean diameters of the MPD at the head and the APD were 3.43 mm and 1.69 mm, respectively. The APD was present in only 41% of samples, and the long type predominated. The pancreatic ductal anatomy is highly variable, and the incorrect identification of variants may be challenging for surgeons during ductal anastomosis with gut, failure to which may often cause ductal obstruction or pseudocysts formation.

Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Anil Kumar Yadav,Prerna Gaur,Shyama Kant Jha,J. R. P. Gupta,A. P. Mittal 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.

Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Yadav, Anil Kumar,Gaur, Prerna,Jha, Shyama Kant,Gupta, J.R.P.,Mittal, A.P. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.