http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Tropical forcing of the recent rapid Arctic warming in northeastern Canada and Greenland
Ding, Qinghua,Wallace, John M.,Battisti, David S.,Steig, Eric J.,Gallant, Ailie J. E.,Kim, Hyung-Jin,Geng, Lei Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature Vol.509 No.7499
Rapid Arctic warming and sea-ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean are widely attributed to anthropogenic climate change. The Arctic warming exceeds the global average warming because of feedbacks that include sea-ice reduction and other dynamical and radiative feedbacks. We find that the most prominent annual mean surface and tropospheric warming in the Arctic since 1979 has occurred in northeastern Canada and Greenland. In this region, much of the year-to-year temperature variability is associated with the leading mode of large-scale circulation variability in the North Atlantic, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation. Here we show that the recent warming in this region is strongly associated with a negative trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation, which is a response to anomalous Rossby wave-train activity originating in the tropical Pacific. Atmospheric model experiments forced by prescribed tropical sea surface temperatures simulate the observed circulation changes and associated tropospheric and surface warming over northeastern Canada and Greenland. Experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (ref. 16) models with prescribed anthropogenic forcing show no similar circulation changes related to the North Atlantic Oscillation or associated tropospheric warming. This suggests that a substantial portion of recent warming in the northeastern Canada and Greenland sector of the Arctic arises from unforced natural variability.
( Xiaowen Chen ),( Haihong Chen ),( Qinghua Liu ),( Kangda Ni ),( Rui Ding ),( Jun Wang ),( Chenghui Wang ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.2
Phenotypic plasticity is a rapid response mechanism that enables organisms to acclimate and survive in changing environments. The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) survives and thrives in different and even introduced habitats, thereby indicating its high phenotypic plasticity. However, the underpinnings of the high plasticity of E. sinensis have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we conducted an integrated gut microbiome and muscle metabolome analysis on E. sinensis collected from three different environments, namely, an artificial pond, Yangcheng Lake, and Yangtze River, to uncover the mechanism of its high phenotypic plasticity. Our study presents three divergent gut microbiotas and muscle metabolic profiles that corresponded to the three environments. The composition and diversity of the core gut microbiota (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, and Firmicutes) varied among the different environments while the metabolites associated with amino acids, fatty acids, and terpene compounds displayed significantly different concentration levels. The results revealed that the gut microbiome community and muscle metabolome were significantly affected by the habitat environments. Our findings indicate the high phenotypic plasticity in terms of gut microbiome and muscle metabolome of E. sinensis when it faces environmental changes, which would also facilitate its acclimation and adaptation to diverse and even introduced environments.
Warmer and Less Icy Arctic Leading to More Violent Weather in Midlatitudes
Yungi Hong,Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang,Qinghua Ding,Seok-woo Son,Jee-Hoon Jeong,Sangwoo Kim,Jin-Ho Yoon 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
Today, East Asia and North America still have experienced extreme cold although global warming gets stronger. However, its mechanism of such extreme cold in winter is not demonstrated. Arctic amplification (AA) is regarded as one of the causes of Warm Arctic Cold Eurasia (WACE). In this study, the relationship between the Arctic and midlatitude temperature is analyzed using reanalysis data. Most years show negative correlation but large uncertainty is in terms of its intensity. Furthermore, using Half a degree additional warming, prognosis and projected impacts (HAPPI) experiment, global warming impact on the association between the Arctic and midlatitude is estimated. Under the global warming scenario, the warmer Arctic makes the range of temperature response in the midlatitude wider. It means the Arctic-midlatitude teleconnection becomes loose, leading to less predictable weather in the future.
Strong Sensitivity of Pine Island Ice-Shelf Melting to Climatic Variability
Dutrieux, Pierre,De Rydt, Jan,Jenkins, Adrian,Holland, Paul R.,Ha, Ho Kyung,Lee, Sang Hoon,Steig, Eric J.,Ding, Qinghua,Abrahamsen, E. Povl,Schrö,der, Michael American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.343 No.6167
<P><B>Cold Glacier Growth</B></P><P>Pine Island Glacier in Antarctica has thinned significantly during the last two decades and has provided a measurable contribution to sea-level rise as a result. Both glacier dynamics and climate are thought to be responsible for thinning, but exactly how they influence the glacier are incompletely known. <B>Dutrieux <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 174, published online 2 January) provide another layer of detail to our understanding of the process through observations of ocean temperatures in the surrounding waters. The thermocline adjacent in the sea adjacent to the glacier calving front (where ice is discharged) lowered by 250 meters in the austral summer of 2012. This change exposed the bottom of the ice shelf to colder surface waters rather than to the warmer, deeper layer, thereby reducing heat transfer from the ocean to the overlying ice and decreasing basal melting of the ice by more than 50% compared to 2010. Those 2012 ocean conditions were partly caused by a strong La Niña event, thus illustrating how important atmospheric variability is for regulating how the Antarctic Ice Sheet responds to climate change.</P>