콜레라 장독소에 의한 털성장 촉진 현상의 기작에 관한 연구(1)

양남웅,신성희,임용,주세혁,정석진,김재수,박정평,기근홍,장정수 대한화학요법학회 1998 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.16 No.4

배경 : 콜레라 장독소로 vasopermeeability assay를 하던 중에 우연히 발견된 및 성장 촉진 효과를 보다 체계적으로 검증하고 작용 기작에 대하여 알아보기 위하여 실험하였다. 방법 : NZW rabbit, SD rat, F344 rat, ICR mouse, C57BL/6 mouse, Hairless mouse, hamster 각 3마리의 배부 털을 제거하고 콜레라 장독소를 파내 주사(5-10㎍) 또는 1회 도포하여 10일 후에 털 성장의 정도를 육안으로 그리고 micrometer로 관찰 측정하였다. 5㎍의 독소를 피내 주사한 5일 후에 SD rat의 조직을 절취하여 광학 현미경 및 전자현미경적 관찰을 하였다. 결과 : 콜레라 장독소를 피내 투여한 결과 토끼를 비롯해서 생쥐, 쥐, 햄스터에서도 털 성장촉진 현상을 보였으며 hairless mouse에서는 털성장 효과가 없었다. New Zealand White rabbit와 F344 rat의 배부 털을 제거하고 장독소 10㎍/0.1ml PBS을 피부에 도포한 결과, 피내 투여한 것과는 달리 고르지 않게 털의 성장 촉진 현상을 나타냈다. 털의 길이는 대조군에 비해서 현저히 증가하였으나 독소 투여량에 비례하지 않았으며, 털의 두께는 투여량에 비례하여 증가하였다. 털의 멸생도는 실험군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 콜레라 장독소는 털 성장 주기가운데 퇴조기와 휴지기에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 추정된다. 광학 현미경 및 전자 현미경의 소견에 따르면, 피내 투여된 콜레라 장독소는 모낭세포와 성장기의 모낭을 둘러싸고 있는 모세혈관 내피세포의 활성화를 통해 털 성장을 유도하는 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과는 콜레라 장독소가 다양한 종류의 탈모증 치료에 사용될 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. Background : Cholera enterotoxin(CT) had the effect of hair growth acceleration in previous rabbit experiment. The aim of this study was to elucidate mechanism of CT action for hair growth acceleration. Methods : CT was administered to NZW rabbit, F344 rat. SD rat, ICR mouse. C57BL/6 mouse and Hairless mouse mtradermally. Hair length and Thickness mere measured by stereoscope and micrometer. Stereomicroscopic and transmit electron microscopic findings mere studied for CT effect. Results : Cholera enterotuxin(CT) has exhibited the accelerated hair growth effect also in rats znd mice as the same Kith rabbits, except with hairless mouse. When pasted on the hair removed skin areas of back mith CT 10 ㎍/0.1ml PBS in F344 strain of rat and New Zealand White rabbit, hair growth was irregular12 accelerated unlike intradermal injection of CT. Hair of experimental group WaS clearly longer than control group but not proportional to doses of toxin. Hair thichess was increased mith proportion to toxm doses. Density degree of hair growth was not meaningly different m the stereoscopic and histological findings between control and experimental group. Conclusion : It is presumed that CT has not activation effect to telogen phase of hair cycle. Judging by light microscopic and transmit election microscopic findings, it is suggested that intraderma1 CT injection may induce acceleration of hair growth through the activation of hair follicular cells and endothelia1 cells of microvasculature surrounding the anagen hair follicles.

녹농균의 항균제 내성양상 및 Rifampin과 Quinolone제와의 병합효과

박정평,고한철,나영천,임용,이현국,양남웅,박열 대한화학요법학회 1990 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Clinically isolated 92 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were serotyped and their resistance patterns to total 24 kinds of antimicrobial agents (i.e., Penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quinolones) were studied by MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration). In addition, serotype G(16 strains) and E(16 strains), which isolated with high frequency in clinical field, were used for a study about combined effects of quinolones and rifampin by the checkerboard method. These drugs are being spotlighted as therapeutics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The results were as follows; Serotypable strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 87 strains(94.6%) out of 92 strains clinically isolated. In these strains, G types were isolated in largest numbers(28 strains, 30.4%), E types were 25 strains (27.2%), B types 12 strains (13.0%), the other types were less than 7% and J,K,N types were not typed at all. In the MIC peak of each antibiotics, ciprofloxacin showed lowest peak as 0.25㎍/㎖, another third generation quinolones also showed low MIC peaks of 8㎍/㎖ and less. Amikacin, the aminoglycosides, and rifampin revealed MIC as low as 32㎍/㎖ relatively, but the others did not. MIC of gentamicin, tobramycin, nalidixic acid, rifampin, piperacillin and amikacin were distributed in a wide range of 0.5㎍/㎖ to >512㎍/㎖, but in MIC_(50) of all above antibiotics were 256㎍/㎖ or more, and MIC_(90) were above 512㎍/㎖, the third generation quinolones except rosoxacin showed very low MIC ranges less than 64㎍/㎖, and revealed good antimicrobial activities as seen in that MIC_(50) were less than 2㎍/㎖ and MIC_(90) were below 8㎍/㎖. On seeing MIC ranges according to serotypes, in most antibiotics, E types were slightly resistant than G types but there are no much differences. In combinations of rifampin and quinolones, rifampin-enoxacin combination revealed relatively as good synergistic effect as 37.5%(12 strains), rifampin-nalidixic acid showed 34.4%(11 strains), and the other combinations also showed good results comparatively. In addition, rifampin-ciprofloxacin had antagonistic effect of 31.3%(10 strains). But on the whole, it can be said that these combinations have much affirmative significance in antibiotic therapy to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to the serotypes, synergism of rifampin-nalidixic acid to G types was zero%(0 strain) and 31.3%(5 strains) to E types. All combinations except rifampin-nalidixic acid revealed high synergistic effects to E types and in proportion to this, antagonistic effects were low. This high synergistic effects to E types were in a contrast to slightly high resistance patterns of E types.

Predicting speeding behavior with a car simulator

Yong-Kyun Sihn,Jun-Beom Ryu,Pyong-Nam Lim 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2008 No.9

Speeding is a major cause of traffic accidents that affects the safety of pedestrians, harms drivers and their families, property and mental health. However, most research on speeding behavior has been conducted by survey, so the relationship between cause and effect is unclear. The reliability of the research cannot be carefully examined because most research involves retrospective methods. It is clear that conducting experimental research is important for overcoming these limitations, but it is impossible to perform tests with real cars in real situations due to the inability to control situational factors (e.g. car traffic, signals) which affect participants’ behavior. A car simulator experiment was designed and the theory of planned behavior was applied to the experiment. Each participant was grouped and assigned to either high speeding or low speeding according to their levels of speeding intention and analyzed the difference between the groups against driving behavior indexes. It was found there was a statistically significant difference between the groups on average driving speed, speeding frequency (highway area), accelerator pressure and total time taken in traveling. A discussion indentifying the limitations and the implications of the results from this study are presented.

A Study to Compare the Radiation Absorbed Dose of the C-arm Fluoroscopic Modes

Cho, Jae-Hun,Kim, Jae-Yun,Kang, Joo-Eun,Park, Pyong-Eun,Kim, Jae-Hun,Lim, Jeong-Ae,Kim, Hae-Kyoung,Woo, Nam-Sik The Korean Pain Society 2011 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.24 No.4

Background: Although many clinicians know about the reducing effects of the pulsed and low-dose modes for fluoroscopic radiation when performing interventional procedures, few studies have quantified the reduction of radiation-absorbed doses (RADs). The aim of this study is to compare how much the RADs from a fluoroscopy are reduced according to the C-arm fluoroscopic modes used. Methods: We measured the RADs in the C-arm fluoroscopic modes including 'conventional mode', 'pulsed mode', 'low-dose mode', and 'pulsed + low-dose mode'. Clinical imaging conditions were simulated using a lead apron instead of a patient. According to each mode, one experimenter radiographed the lead apron, which was on the table, consecutively 5 times on the AP views. We regarded this as one set and a total of 10 sets were done according to each mode. Cumulative exposure time, RADs, peak X-ray energy, and current, which were viewed on the monitor, were recorded. Results: Pulsed, low-dose, and pulsed + low-dose modes showed significantly decreased RADs by 32%, 57%, and 83% compared to the conventional mode. The mean cumulative exposure time was significantly lower in the pulsed and pulsed + low-dose modes than in the conventional mode. All modes had pretty much the same peak X-ray energy. The mean current was significantly lower in the low-dose and pulsed + low-dose modes than in the conventional mode. Conclusions: The use of the pulsed and low-dose modes together significantly reduced the RADs compared to the conventional mode. Therefore, the proper use of the fluoroscopy and its C-arm modes will reduce the radiation exposure of patients and clinicians.

Original Articles : A Study to Compare the Radiation Absorbed Dose of the C-arm Fluoroscopic Modes

( Jae Hun Kim ),( Jae Hun Cho ),( Jae Yun Kim ),( Joo Eun Kang ),( Pyong Eun Park ),( Jeong Ae Lim ),( Hae Kyoung Kim ),( Nam Sik Woo ) 대한통증학회 2011 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.24 No.4

Background: Although many clinicians know about the reducing effects of the pulsed and low-dose modes for fluoroscopic radiation when performing interventional procedures, few studies have quantified the reduction of radiation-absorbed doses (RADs). The aim of this study is to compare how much the RADs from a fluoroscopy are reduced according to the C-arm fluoroscopic modes used. Methods: We measured the RADs in the C-arm fluoroscopic modes including ``conventional mode``, ``pulsed mode``, ``low-dose mode``, and ``pulsed + low-dose mode``. Clinical imaging conditions were simulated using a lead apron instead of a patient. According to each mode, one experimenter radiographed the lead apron, which was on the table, consecutively 5 times on the AP views. We regarded this as one set and a total of 10 sets were done according to each mode. Cumulative exposure time, RADs, peak X-ray energy, and current, which were viewed on the monitor, were recorded. Results: Pulsed, low-dose, and pulsed + low-dose modes showed significantly decreased RADs by 32%, 57%, and 83% compared to the conventional mode. The mean cumulative exposure time was significantly lower in the pulsed and pulsed + low-dose modes than in the conventional mode. All modes had pretty much the same peak X-ray energy. The mean current was significantly lower in the low-dose and pulsed + low-dose modes than in the conventional mode. Conclusions: The use of the pulsed and low-dose modes together significantly reduced the RADs compared to the conventional mode. Therefore, the proper use of the fluoroscopy and its C-arm modes will reduce the radiation exposure of patients and clinicians.

녹농균의 quinolone제재에 대한 감수성 및 혈청형 분포

최승호,고한철,이현국,박정평,임용,양남웅,김학렬,박열 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.15 No.1

123 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens were tested for the distrution of serotypes and the evaluation of the antimicrobial susceptibility to each generation quinolone impounds. The results were as follows : 1. 107 strains(87%) were typable out of clinical isolate 123 strains. Serotype G was prevalent with 33 strains (26.8%) and followed by serotype E, 31 strains (25.2%), serotype B, 15 strains (12.2%) and successively typed in the order of serotype A, C, D, F, H, I, L, M, but serotype J,K and N were not entirely typed. 2. MIC peak was 1024ug/ml in case of nalidixic acid, 32ug/ml in pipemidic acid, 0.25ug/ml in ciprofloxacin, 2ug / ml in ofloxacin. 2ug/ml in enoxacin. 0.5ug/ml in norfloxacin, finally 8ug/ml in rosoxacin. 3. The second generation quinolone compound, pipemidic acid exhibited 8 to 30 times higher activity to Pseudomonas aeruyrtcisa than the first generation quinlolne, nalidixic acid. And the third generation compounds showed 4 to 100 times higher activities than the second generation quinolone. Especially ciprofloxacin showed 2 to 30 times higher antimicrobial activity than other generation quinolone compounds. 4. There were no significant differences to susceptibility patterns among the serotypes.