Morphometric study of fossa ovale in human cadaveric hearts: embryological and clinical relevance

Prajakta Kishve,Rohini Motwani 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.1

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the 5th common congenital abnormality at birth. Secundum atrial defect and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are the most common atrial septal defects. In this setting, the anatomical functional characterization of the interatrial septum seems to be of paramount importance not only for device selection but also for therapeutic intervention. This study was carried out to evaluate the morphometric parameters of fossa ovale (FOv) in the human adult cadaveric hearts. For this study, 50 normal cadaveric human hearts available in the department of Anatomy over the period of 3 years were used where size, position, shape, nature of the FOv was noted. The size of the fossa was measured and prominence, location, and extent of the limbus fossa ovalis were observed. The probe patency of foramen ovale (FO) was confirmed. In most specimens, the fossa was oval (80%), the average transverse diameter was 24.21 mm, and the vertical diameter 26.84 mm. In 84% rim was raised. In 56% of cases, the fossa was present at the middle of the interatrial septum. The patency of foramen was observed in 3%. The findings of the present study provide pertinent information on the morphology of the FOv, which may be useful for device selection in treating ASDs and PFO. This would definitely help the clinicians in a deeper understanding of the region as very few cadaveric studies are available in the literature at present.

Computed Tomography Scan-Based Morphometric Analysis of Lateral Masses of Atlas Vertebrae in Normal Indian Population

Prajakta Charuchandra Bhide,Sudhirkumar Srivastava,Shaligram Purohit,Deepika Albert Pinto,Nandan Amrit Marathe 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.6

Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study involved the analysis of computed tomography (CT) scan data from 125 Indian subjects of 18 years or older with normal imaging findings. Scans were obtained from patients with head injuries as a part of the screening process along with brain CT scans. Purpose: To establish the dimensions of lateral masses of the atlas vertebrae in normal disease-free Indian individuals. Overview of Literature: Lateral mass fixation has become the standard of care in fixation of the supra-axial cervical spine. Many studies have investigated the dimensions of lateral masses in cadaveric specimens; however, studies involving the radiological morphometric analysis of the lateral masses of the atlas vertebra in living patients are lacking. Methods: Subjects underwent craniovertebral junction CT scans during evaluations of head injury. All had normal radiology reports. The CT scans were obtained using a CT Philips Brilliance 64 machine (Philips, Amsterdam, Netherlands) with a slice thickness of 1 mm and then analyzed using Horos software ver. 2.0.2 (Horos Project, Annapolis, MD, USA) on a MacBook. Results: Lateral masses of the atlas vertebrae were found to be larger in males than females and larger on the right than the left side. The angle of permissible medialization was found to be larger on the right side. The analysis of the average dimensions indicated the conventionally described screw positions to be safe. Conclusions: The present study provides information that may help to establish standard dimensions of lateral masses of the atlas vertebrae among the normal Indian population. We demonstrate that there is no significant difference when compared with the Western population. The results presented here will be of use to clinicians as they may inform preoperative planning for lateral mass fixation surgeries.

Role of Cytokines in Genesis, Progression and Prognosis of Cervical Cancer

Paradkar, Prajakta Hemant,Joshi, Jayashree Vinay,Mertia, Priyanka Nirmalsingh,Agashe, Shubhada Vidyadhar,Vaidya, Rama Ashok Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.9

Cytokine research is currently at the forefront in cancer research. Deciphering the functions of these multiple small molecules, discovered within the cell and in intercellular spaces, with their abundance and pleotrophism, was initially a great challenge. Advances in analytical chemistry and molecular biology have made it possible to unravel the pathophysiological functions of these polypeptides/proteins which are called interleukins, chemokines, monokines, lymphokines and growth factors. With more than 5 million women contracting cervical cancer every year this cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity the world over, particularly in the developing countries. In more than 95% of cases it is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection which is persistent, particularly in those with a defective immune system. Although preventable, the mere magnitude of prevalence of HPV in the world population makes it a dominating current health hazard. The discovery of cytokine dysregulation in cervical cancer has spurted investigation into the possibility of using them as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of cases at high risk of developing cancer. Their critical role in carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer is now being revealed to a great extent. From diagnostics to prognosis, and now with a possible role in therapeutics and prevention of cervical cancer, the cytokines are being evaluated in all anticancer approaches. This review endeavours to capture the essence of the astonishing journey of cytokine research in cervical neoplasia.

학술연구 : 외부적 충격에 대응하는 중소기업클러스터 내 기업 간 상호협력에 대한 연구; 일본 마시코 도자기 산업의 사례를 중심으로

프라작타카레 ( Prajakta Khare ) 한국중소기업학회 2012 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.15 No.4

기업은 산업클러스터를 통해 글로벌 시장에서 규모의 경제효과를 달성하고 혁신과 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 직면하고 있는 외부적 충격에서도 벗어날 수 있다. 경제적 혹은 정치적 변혁, 자연적 재해와 같은 외부적 충격은 상반된 기업클러스터 효과나 집단효율성 증대 혹은 네트위크의 정체를 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구는 마시코 지역에 기반을 둔 동부도자기 중소기업클러스터에 존재하는 협력적인 제휴행위의 변화를 분석하고자 한다. 2011년 3월 동부대지진에 의해 일본의 도치기현은 심각한 타격을 받았다. 사전적인 조사 결과에 의하면 이번의 위기는 오히려 기업상호간 새로운 플랫폼의 창조를 초래하였고, 대지진 전에 매우 취약하였던 기업간 상호 제휴행위를 오히려 강화시키는 새로운 기회로 인식될 수 있다는 사실을 제시하고 있다. Industrial Clustering not only enables firms to achieve economies of scale around co-operation, innovation, compete in global markets but it also enables them to face exogenous shocks and recover from them. Exogenous shocks like economic or political turmoil or natural disasters can produce contrasting effects on clusters of firms, an increase in co-operation or a disarticulation of networks. This paper attempts to study the changes in collective action in an earthen pottery making cluster based in Mashiko, Tochigi prefecture of Japan after it suffered severe damage in the Great East Japan earthquake of March 11th, 2011. The results of the preliminary survey indicate that this crisis can in fact be perceived as an opportunity for the cluster firms as it led to the creation of a new platform for inter-firm interactions and exchange and helped to strengthen the inter-firm ties that were very weak before the earthquake.

Use of Mobile Communication for Enhancing HealthCare Services in Rural India

Sunil Patil,Yatin Jog,Pushpendra Thenuan,Prajakta Kanegaonkar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.5

Mobile communication services have expanded beyond simple voice communication in the past couple of decades into other areas such as commerce, banking, education, and healthcare just to name a few. Due to adoption of wireless communication in these services, people are connected anytime, anyplace, any device, and anywhere. It is also observed that an Average Revenue per User (ARPU) has been dropping for the past few years as voice communication has been commoditized. Telecom operators are providing number of value added services (VAS) to users in the urban and rural sector of India to enhance revenue. Healthcare service is one such area which provides maximum revenue enhancement potential for the operators. Penetration of smartphones, availability of connectivity, and availability of relevant apps are some of the key drivers and enablers for services. The teledensity in the urban sector is over 154% while it is about 51% in the rural sector(TRAI, 2016). This study was undertaken for understanding the present status of the healthcare services in the rural areas and how mobile communication could be used to improve or provide additional services to enhance health in rural population. The healthcare services sector was chosen for the study as 70% of the population of the country is in the rural areas where quality of healthcare services is poor. Improved healthcare services in these areas will have direct impact on productivity and efficiency of people working in farms hence the contribution to the Gross National Product (GDP) of the country. The survey was conducted in three villages surrounding the urban city of Pune. The data is analyzed to study the interdependence of various factors related to present healthcare service system. Recommendations are provided to telecom operators based on the outcome of data analysis.

A CNN-LSTM neural network for recognition of puffing in smoking episodes using wearable sensors

Volkan Y. Senyurek,Masudul H. Imtiaz,Prajakta Belsare,Stephen Tiffany,Edward Sazonov 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.2

A detailed assessment of smoking behavior under free-living conditions is a key challenge for health behavior research. Anumber of methods using wearable sensors and puff topography devices have been developed for smoking and individualpuff detection. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for automatic detection of puff s in smoking episodes by using acombination of Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography and Inertial Measurement Unit sensors. The detection of puff s wasperformed by using a deep network containing convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Convolutional neural networks(CNN) were utilized to automate feature learning from raw sensor streams. Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network layerswere utilized to obtain the temporal dynamics of sensor signals and classify sequence of time segmented sensor streams. Anevaluation was performed by using a large, challenging dataset containing 467 smoking events from 40 participants underfree-living conditions. The proposed approach achieved an F1-score of 78% in leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. Theresults suggest that CNN-LSTM based neural network architecture suffi ciently detect puffi ng episodes in free-living condition. The proposed model be used as a detection tool for smoking cessation programs and scientifi c research.

Role of Additional Coronal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Decompression and Reconstruction with or without Segment Salvage in Thoracic Spine Tuberculosis

Sudhir Srivastava,Nandan Marathe,Sunil Bhosale,Prajakta Bhide,Shaligram Purohit,Chetan Shende,Balgovind Raja 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.6

Study Design: Retrospective and observational study. Purpose: The present study aimed to develop guidelines for segment salvage or sacrifice based on the amount and status of the remnant portion of the vertebra as assessed by coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in addition to sagittal and axial images in thoracic spine tuberculosis (TB). Overview of Literature: Indications for surgery have not changed significantly since the ‘middle path regimen’ was proposed by Tuli. Goals of modern surgical management of spinal TB include debridement of diseased vertebrae, spinal cord decompression, deformity correction, and spine stabilization. However, the extent of decompression has not been defined previously. Too less decompression will lead to compromised neurological recovery, whereas large extent of decompression is associated with increased surgical morbidity and longer segment to reconstruct. Methods: Sixty-five patients with thoracic spine TB were divided into two groups (segment salvage/sacrifice) based on the thickness of the subchondral bone and endplate morphology of the vertebra as seen on MRI. The operative procedure in the form of instrumentation with Hartshill loop rectangle and sublaminar wire using the simultaneous anterior posterior approach in lateral position (versatile approach) was performed. The patients were analyzed for postoperative fusion, improvement in kyphosis angle, and followed up for development of complications. Results: This method of deciding the level of fixation and segment salvage based on coronal MRI in addition to the sagittal and axial images provided good result in 64 of 65 patients, except for one patient in the segment sacrifice group who had graft buckling and resultant kyphosis. Conclusions: For segment salvage, having a clear three-dimensional idea about the viable remnant bone is important. Viable salvaged segment reduces the morbidity of the procedure, length of the construct, and unnecessary debridement without compromising on the neural recovery and fusion rate. Hence, additional cone down coronal cuts must be required when MRI is suggestive for spinal TB because it will help in the decision making.

Gene Therapy for Bone Tissue Engineering

김영동,Prasad Pofali,박태은,비제이,조기현,Sushila Maharjan,Prajakta Dandekar,Ratnesh Jain,최윤재,Rohidas B. Arote,조종수 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.2

Gene therapy holds a great promise and has been extensively investigated to improve bone formation and regeneration therapies in bone tissue engineering. A variety of osteogenic genes can be delivered by combining different vectors (viral or non-viral), scaffolds and delivery methodologies. Ex vivo & in vivo gene enhanced tissue engineering approaches have led to successful osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. In this article, we review recent advances of gene therapy-based bone tissue engineering discussing strengths and weaknesses of various strategies as well as general overview of gene therapy.

Cytogenetic Profile of De Novo B lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Determination of Frequency, Distribution Pattern and Identification of Rare and Novel Chromosomal Aberrations in Indian Patients

Bhandari, Prerana,Ahmad, Firoz,Dalvi, Rupa,Koppaka, Neeraja,Kokate, Prajakta,Das, Bibhu Ranjan,Mandava, Swarna Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Chromosomal aberrations identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have an important role in disease diagnosis, prognosis and management. Information on karyotype and associated clinical parameters are essential to physicians for planning cancer control interventions in different geographical regions. Materials and Methods: In this study, we present the overall frequency and distribution patterns of chromosomal aberrations in both children and adult de novo B lineage ALL Indian patients using conventional cytogenetics, interphase FISH and multiplex RT-PCR. Results: Among the 215 subjects, cytogenetic results were achieved in 172 (80%) patients; normal karyotype represented 37.2% and abnormal 62.8% with a distribution as follows: 15.3% hypodiploidy; 10.3% hyperdiploidy; 15.8% t(9;22); 9.8% t(1;19); 3.7% t(12;21); 2.8% t(4;11); 2.8% complex karyotypes. Apart from these, we observed several novel, rare and common chromosomal rearrangements. Also, FISH studies using LSI extra-signal dual-color probes revealed additional structural or numerical changes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate cytogenetic heterogeneity of ALL and confirm that the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities varies considerably. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the largest reported series of cytogenetic investigations in Indian B-lineage ALL cases. In addition, ongoing cytogenetic studies are warranted in larger groups of B-lineage ALL cases to identify newly acquired chromosomal abnormalities that may contribute to disease diagnosis and management.