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The Maastricht Criteria and the Euro: Has the Convergence Continued?
( Wolfgang Polasek ),( Christian Amplatz ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2003 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.18 No.4
We analyze the performance of the Maastricht convergence criteria (inflation, long-term interest rate, annual and overall public debt to GDP) of the European Monetary Union (EMU) that led to the introduction of the Euro on Jan. 1st 1999 as book currency. For our analysis we define 3 regimes: a) the Maastricht regime from 1992-97 starting from the year when the EMU was established, b) the Amsterdam regime 1997-1999 which is based on the Pact of Stability and Growth (PSG), decided by the EU in 1997 in Amsterdam and c) the Euroland regime 2000-2001, after the introduction of the Euro as book currency. The convergence process is analysed with respect to these 3 regimes, and we test also for a smooth or a rough transition between these 3 regimes. Given the regimes, we test the convergence in econometric models to see if the first and second moments of the convergence process are time dependent. Furthermore we can check if there was a smooth transition process between the regimes and if the convergence process has stabilized around a target path. We find that the speed of the convergence processes for the monetary authority controlled variables inflation and interest rates was rather impressive and very different from the government controlled variables annual deficit and the public debt.
An Analysis of the Mediterranean Cruise Ports’ Network Using Social Network Analysis
Adriana Estefania Valero Polasek,Tae-Hyeon Yang,Sung-Hoon Park,Gi-Tae Yeo 한국항해항만학회 2020 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.44 No.2
The cruise industry in the Mediterranean region increased from 2000-2018, being the second most important region after the Caribbean. The purpose of this study was to analyze the networks and hub ports of the Mediterranean. This paper used the SNA (Social Network Analysis) methodology, which includes Hub and Authority Combined Centrality (HACC) that has been used to analyze cruise port centrality, as well as degree centrality such as In-Degree, Out-Degree, and Betweenness. This empirical study suggests that the top three ports of the Mediterranean ports’ network in terms of hub index are Barcelona, Civitavecchia, and Palma de Mallorca. The academic implications are the suggestion for data integration based on real itineraries and numbers of POC (Port of Calls), as well as the selection of the hubs of the targeted areas. The practical implications are suggested such as a clear requirement for cruise industry, as a way to widen the scope for the Mediterranean region and a valuable reference for cruise ship companies to select the best fit home ports.
신흥태,이윤표,Shin, Hung Tae,Polasek, Frantisek,Lee, Yoon Pyo 대한기계학회 1999 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.23 No.7
The thermal performance degradation of heat pipes is caused by the non-condensable gas generation mainly due to the electrochemical corrosion which results from the reaction of working fluids with tube materials. In this study, a simplified method described below was proposed to estimate the life of heat pipes concerning the non-condensable gas generation. The temperature distributions at the outer surface of heat pipes was measured, and based on them the amount of non-condensable gas of hydrogen was estimated. Applying it to the Arrhenius model, the mass generation of hydrogen and the volume occupied by the gas In heat pipes could be estimated for an operating temperature and time. Moreover, this simplified method was applied to the accelerated life test of nine methanol-stainless steel heat pipe samples.
( Adriana Banozic ),( Ana Miljkovic ),( Marijana Bras ),( Livia Puljak ),( Ivana Kolcic ),( Caroline Hayward ),( Ozren Polasek ) 대한통증학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.31 No.1
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neuroticism, pain catastrophizing, and experimentally induced pain threshold and pain tolerance in a healthy adult sample from two regions of the country of Croatia: the island of Korcula and city of Split. Methods: A total of 1,322 participants were enrolled from the Island of Korcula (n = 824) and the city of Split (n = 498). Participants completed a self-reported personality measure Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and pain catastrophizing questionnaire Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), followed by a mechanical pain pressure threshold and tolerance test. We have explored the mediating role of catastrophizing in the relationship between neuroticism and pain intensity. Results: The results showed that pain catastrophizing partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and pain intensity, suggesting the importance of pain catastrophizing in increasing vulnerability to pain. The results also indicated gender-related differences, marked by the higher pain threshold and tolerance in men. Conclusions: This study adds to the understanding of the complex interplay between personality and pain, by providing a better understanding of such mechanisms in healthy adults. (Korean J Pain 2018; 31: 16-26)