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Lymphatic regulator PROX1 determines Schlemm's canal integrity and identity.
Park, Dae-Young,Lee, Junyeop,Park, Intae,Choi, Dongwon,Lee, Sunju,Song, Sukhyun,Hwang, Yoonha,Hong, Ki Yong,Nakaoka, Yoshikazu,Makinen, Taija,Kim, Pilhan,Alitalo, Kari,Hong, Young-Kwon,Koh, Gou Young American Society for Clinical Investigation 2014 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.124 No.9
<P>Schlemm's canal (SC) is a specialized vascular structure in the eye that functions to drain aqueous humor from the intraocular chamber into systemic circulation. Dysfunction of SC has been proposed to underlie increased aqueous humor outflow (AHO) resistance, which leads to elevated ocular pressure, a factor for glaucoma development in humans. Here, using lymphatic and blood vasculature reporter mice, we determined that SC, which originates from blood vessels during the postnatal period, acquires lymphatic identity through upregulation of prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1), the master regulator of lymphatic development. SC expressed lymphatic valve markers FOXC2 and integrin α9 and exhibited continuous vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) junctions and basement membrane, similar to collecting lymphatics. SC notably lacked luminal valves and expression of the lymphatic endothelial cell markers podoplanin and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Using an ocular puncture model, we determined that reduced AHO altered the fate of SC both during development and under pathologic conditions; however, alteration of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling did not modulate SC integrity and identity. Intriguingly, PROX1 expression levels linearly correlated with SC functionality. For example, PROX1 expression was reduced or undetectable under pathogenic conditions and in deteriorated SCs. Collectively, our data indicate that PROX1 is an accurate and reliable biosensor of SC integrity and identity.</P>
Raman-based distributed temperature sensor with simplex coding and link optimization
Jonghan Park,Bolognini, G.,Duckey Lee,Pilhan Kim,Pilki Cho,Di Pasquale, F.,Namkyoo Park IEEE 2006 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.18 No.17
<P>In this letter, a coded, Raman-based distributed temperature sensor system using 255-bit Simplex coded optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) and optimized sensing link composed of cascaded fibers with different Raman coefficients, is proposed. This system is compared to a system with an uncoded OTDR on standard single-mode fiber, demonstrating significant enhancement in the interrogation distance (19.5 km from coding gain, and 9.6 km from link optimization). Total sensing range of 37 km at 17-m/3-K spatial/temperature resolution were achieved, while employing conventional low power (80 mW) laser diodes</P>
Jang, Jeon Yeob,Choi, Sung Yong,Park, Intae,Park, Do Young,Choe, Kibaek,Kim, Pilhan,Kim, Young Keum,Lee, Byung‐,Joo,Hirashima, Masanori,Kubota, Yoshiaki,Park, Jeong‐,Won,Cheng, Sheueȁ John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 EMBO molecular medicine Vol.9 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Thyroid gland vasculature has a distinguishable characteristic of endothelial fenestrae, a critical component for proper molecular transport. However, the signaling pathway that critically governs the maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity, including endothelial fenestrae, is poorly understood. Here, we found profound and distinct expression of follicular epithelial VEGF‐A and vascular VEGFR2 that were precisely regulated by circulating thyrotropin, while there were no meaningful expression of angiopoietin–Tie2 system in the thyroid gland. Our genetic depletion experiments revealed that VEGFR2, but not VEGFR3, is indispensable for maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity. Notably, blockade of VEGF‐A or VEGFR2 not only abrogated vascular remodeling but also inhibited follicular hypertrophy, which led to the reduction of thyroid weights during goitrogenesis. Importantly, VEGFR2 blockade alone was sufficient to cause a reduction of endothelial fenestrae with decreases in thyrotropin‐responsive genes in goitrogen‐fed thyroids. Collectively, these findings establish follicular VEGF‐A–vascular VEGFR2 axis as a main regulator for thyrotropin‐dependent thyroid angiofollicular remodeling and goitrogenesis.</P>
Neutrophils disturb pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury
Park, Inwon,Kim, Mingyo,Choe, Kibaek,Song, Eunjoo,Seo, Howon,Hwang, Yoonha,Ahn, Jinhyo,Lee, Seung-Hyo,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Jo, You Hwan,Kim, Kyuseok,Koh, Gou Young,Kim, Pilhan European Respiratory Society 2019 The European respiratory journal Vol.53 No.3
<▼1><P>The lung is highly vulnerable during sepsis, yet its functional deterioration accompanied by disturbances in the pulmonary microcirculation is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how the pulmonary microcirculation is distorted in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and reveal the underlying cellular pathophysiologic mechanism.</P><P>Using a custom-made intravital lung microscopic imaging system in a murine model of sepsis-induced ALI, we achieved direct real-time visualisation of the pulmonary microcirculation and circulating cells <I>in vivo</I>. We derived the functional capillary ratio (FCR) as a quantitative parameter for assessing the fraction of functional microvasculature in the pulmonary microcirculation and dead space.</P><P>We identified that the FCR rapidly decreases in the early stage of sepsis-induced ALI. The intravital imaging revealed that this decrease resulted from the generation of dead space, which was induced by prolonged neutrophil entrapment within the capillaries. We further showed that the neutrophils had an extended sequestration time and an arrest-like dynamic behaviour, both of which triggered neutrophil aggregates inside the capillaries and arterioles. Finally, we found that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) was upregulated in the sequestered neutrophils and that a Mac-1 inhibitor restored the FCR and improved hypoxaemia.</P><P>Using the intravital lung imaging system, we observed that Mac-1-upregulated neutrophil aggregates led to the generation of dead space in the pulmonary microcirculation that was recovered by a Mac-1 inhibitor in sepsis-induced ALI.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Neutrophils induce dead space in the pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced ALI, recovered by a Mac-1 inhibitor</B>http://ow.ly/vUzO30nbUyU</P></▼2>
AESA Radar 탑재 FTB 항공기 구축을 위한 국내환경 분석
박제홍 ( Jehong Park ),홍교영 ( Gyoyoung Hong ),엄정환 ( Jeonghwan Eom ),정필한 ( Pilhan Chong ),홍승범 ( Seungbeom Hong ) 한국항행학회 2020 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.24 No.1
최근 KF-X (Korean Fighter eXperimental)사업에서 AESA (Active electronically scanned array) 레이다, EO-IR (electro-optical and infrared) 및 IRST (infra-red search and track) 센서 등의 개발이 진행되고 있으며 현재 AESA 레이더는 비행 시험을 위한 사전연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 논문은 AESA 레이다 개발에 따른 선진국의 FTB(Flying Test Bed) 항공기 운영 사례를 중점 분석하고, 이 사례를 중심으로 국내 레이다 개발 시험을 위한 비행시험 항공기의 선정 시 요구사항과 고려사항을 검토하였다. 그에 따른 우리는 FTB 항공기가 국내 환경에서 운영하기 위한 감항 관련 국내 관련 법규를 검토하고 FTB 항공기의 운영하기 위한 방안을 살펴본다. 따라서 우리는 국내 환경에 적합한 FTB 항공기 선정, 감항 및 운영 방안을 제시하고 한다. Recently, active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, electro-optical and infrared (EO-IR) and infra-red search and track (IRST) sensors are under development in the Korean fighter experimental(KF-X) project, and AESA radar is currently undergoing preliminary research for flight testing. This paper focuses on the flying test bed (FTB) aircraft operation cases of developed countries in accordance with AESA radar development. As a result, we review domestic laws and regulations related to the airworthiness for FTB aircraft to operate in domestic environment and look for ways to operate FTB aircraft. Therefore, we propose how to selecting, airworthiness and operating FTB aircraft suitable for the domestic environment.
Lee, Ji Yoon,Park, Changwon,Cho, Yong Pil,Lee, Eugine,Kim, Hyongbum,Kim, Pilhan,Yun, Seok H.,Yoon, Young-sup Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2010 CIRCULATION - Vol.122 No.14
<P>Emerging evidence has suggested a contribution of bone marrow (BM) cells to lymphatic vessel formation; however, the exact phenotype of the cells with lymphatic endothelial progenitor cell function has yet to be identified. Here, we investigate the identity of BM-derived lymphatic endothelial progenitor cells and their role in lymphatic neovascularization.</P>
Two-photon microscopy by wavelength-swept pulses delivered through single-mode fiber.
Kang, Jeon Woong,Kim, Pilhan,Alonzo, Carlo Amadeo,Park, Hyunsung,Yun, Seok H Optical Society of America 2010 Optics letters Vol.35 No.2
<P>Nonlinear microscopy through flexible fiber-optic catheters has potential in clinical diagnostic applications. Here, we demonstrate a new approach based on wavelength-swept narrowband pulses that permits simple fiber-optic delivery without need of the dispersion management and allows nonmechanical beam scanning. Using 0.86 ps pulses rapidly tuned from 789 nm to 822 nm at a sweep rate of 200 Hz, we demonstrate two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation imaging through a 5-m-long standard single-mode fiber.</P>