統一新羅期 金石文 專門 博士·學士의 擡頭와 書法·金石學의 風靡

노용필(Noh, Yong-pil) 한국고대사탐구학회 2018 한국고대사탐구 Vol.28 No.-

중국에서 夏나라 禹王의 공적을 金石에 새기기 시작한 이래로 쇠와 돌이 일찍이 고대인들의 공적을 새겨 넣었던 소재가 되었으며, 한국에서도 특히 통일신라기에 이와 같이 쇠와 돌에 글을 새겨 사람의 공적을 남기는 문화가 풍미하였다, 당시에 쇠로 만들어진 鍾과 돌로 만들어진 碑가 지금도 꽤 많이 전해지고 있음에서 이러한 면모가 잘 입증되고 있다. 그러므로 통일신라기는 금석문이 종의 鑄造로 조성된 것이든 비에 刻書된 것이든, 그 書法은 물론이려니와 금석학 역시 風靡한 시기였음이 분명하다. 『三國史記』의 기록에 나타난 統一期신라의 博士·學士는 孝昭王부터 景德王까지의 시기에 분화되어 가는 추세를 띠었던 것으로 파악된다. 이러한 추세 속에서 무엇보다도 외교 문서의 작성을 관장한 通文博士와 거기에서 파생된 翰林學士가 당시 書法과 金石學의 풍미에 크게 영향을 끼쳤다고 여겨진다. 게다가 이채롭게도 이 시기의 금석문 자료 중에서 발견되는 鑄鍾大博士·次博士는 물론이고 鐫字助博士·成博士역시 鑄鍾 때 그 작업은 물론이고 書法의 선정과 그에 따른 鐫字 및 金石文의 완성 공정에서 그 각자의 職任에 걸맞은 소임을 다함으로써, 당시 書法 및 金石學의 풍미에 일익을 담당하고 있었던 것이다. 「聖德大王神鍾銘」에서 그 敎書와 詔書내용의 撰述을 담당했던 翰林郞 金弼奧, 書寫를 담당했던 翰林臺 書生 金符 및 待詔姚湍등이 모두 그 鍾이 조성된 惠恭王당시의 서법 및 금석학 풍미의 증거자들이라 하겠다. 또한 「皇龍寺九層木塔刹柱本記」에서 그 敎書의 撰述을 도맡은 姚克一과 그리고 鐫字助博士連全등 이 역시 景文王당시의 그런 인물들이었다. 더욱이 姚克一의 경우는 이외에도 현재 일부라도 전해지는 것만 하더라도 3편이나 되는 碑文을 찬술하였음이 확인될 정도인데다가 『삼국사기』 기록에 국왕의 측근으로서 국왕 문서의 작성을 담당하는 侍書學士를 역임했을 뿐만이 아니라 “그 글씨에 드러난 힘이 굳세었으며, 歐陽詢의 率更法을 터득하였다.”라고 명시되어 있으므로, 신라통일기 서법 및 금석학 풍미의 가장 대표적인 인물로 꼽아 손색이 없을 것이다. Since China began to inscribe achievements of Yu the Great in the Xia Dynasty on metals and stones, irons and stones became one of materials to inscribe the achievements of the ancient people, and also Korea saw the prevalence of the culture remembering the merits and achievements of persons by inscribing letters on irons and stones during the Unified Silla period in particular. This aspect is well demonstrated by the fact that a considerable number of bells made of iron and monuments made of rocks at the tine have been passed down to us. Therefore, the Unified Silla period surely must be an era when the related calligraphy as well as epigraphy prevailed, irrespective of whether epigraph was made by being casting on bells or inscribed on monuments. According to the record of “Samguk Sagi” (Chronicles of the Three States) masters and academics during the Unified Silla period seemed to be differentiated during the period from King Hyoso to King Gyeongdeok. Above all amid this tendency, Tongmun Master (Tongmun-baksa) in charge of diplomatic documents and Hallim Academic (Hallim-haksa) derived therefrom might have had a great influence on the prevalence of calligraphy and epigraphy then. Quite interestingly, not only Jujongdae Master (bell manufacturer), Cha Master (assistant bell manufacturer) as found from materials of epigraph then but Jongjudae Master, Seong Master (inscriber) played their own part in the work of bell manufacturing as well as in the process of selecting the calligraphy and completing inscription letters and epigraph, partly contributing to the prevalence of calligraphy and epigraphy then. Hallim-rang Kim Pil-oh in charge of compilation of the address and content of “King Seongdeok Divine Bell Inscription”, Kim Bu-wan student of Hallim-dae in charge of its transcription, official Yodan all were the persons who were the originator and witness of the prevalence of calligraphy and epigraphy during King Hyegong era when the bell was created. Also such contributing persons during King Gyeongmun could include Yo Geuk-il who was fully in charge of the compilation of the address of “Hwangryongsa 9-storied Wooden Tower Inscription” and Assistant Master Yeonjeon. Especially in case of Yo Geuk-il, he was additionally confirmed as having compiled three epitaphs - so far handed down to us even partly. And further according to Samguk Sagi, he worked not only as Siseo-haksa in charge of preparing king’s documents as the king’s inner circle but also “his letters showed strength and mastered the calligraphy of Ouyang Xun”. So, we could fairly name him as a person most typically representing the prevalence of calligraphy and epigraphy during the Unified Silla period.

위삼차신경핵에서 일차구심성 신경섬유 종말부의 미세구조 및 연접양상

배용철,박국필,정경원,박매자,조희중 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.5

北韓政治體制의 權力構造硏究

李容弼 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1981 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.3 No.1

무역자유화가 총요소생산성 및 고용에 미친 효과분석

장용준,정종필 釜山 大學校 經營 經濟 硏究所 2009 經營 經濟 硏究 Vol.28 No.2

丁若鍾의 『쥬교요지』와 利類思의 『主敎要旨』比較 硏究

盧鏞弼 한국사상사학회 2002 韓國思想史學 Vol.19 No.-

Up to now Jeong Yak - jong(1760∼ 1801)'s Jugyoyozi seems that it was translation of Li Lei -ssu's Chu -chiao yoo -chih, because they had the same title of the books. But this dissertation make obviously that it has been wrong, through not only Yak - jong's Jugyoyozi andLi Lei-ssu's Chu-chiao yoo-chih contents composition but also their comparison and analysis. That is, when Jugyoyozi was written by Jeong Yak-jong, Gyoyoserlon(敎要序論) is taken in korea already which it was written by Nam Hoi-inn() who was Li Lei-ssu's colleague Jesuit. Therefore, Jeong Yak - jong wrote Jugyoyozi refer to Chinese Catholic doctrine books, and it was contained with Li Lei - ssu's Chu-chiao yoo -chih. Jeong Yak-jong's Jugyoyozi is distinctive feature that it subdivide to explanation concretly about Catholic doctrine. As real example had Presented, this method, it made some effectively missionary work. For the ignorant people who became a convert to Catholic believer, the book was published in Korean. It was the purpose of propagandizing Catholicism as well as the sure inner education which was believed to Catholic people. In short, essentially Jeong Yak - jong's Jugyoyozi had made more important use of a domestic efficiency among devotee. Speacially, Jugyoyozi was focusing on refuting Taoism and Buddhism. and alsohis work mentioned that Catholic was superior. So, meanwhile Jugyoyozi criticized the Taoism and Buddhism, it was concerned with actual problem. When converse Catholic believer goes to a village shrine and exorcise, the book call a their attention to surroundings in order to restore faith to their old past. Jugyoyozi conclude at very end in the last volume, in addition, the book emphasize and recommendation that people should have faith instantly and penitent, who are apostate and keep back for a later occasion as faithful life.

인접행렬의 고유벡터 성분비를 이용한 공간 분석 : Spatial Configuration Analysis Using the Eigenvector Ratio of Adjacency Matrix

최재필,조형규,최현철,황용하 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

The purpose of the ERAM model proposed in this paper is to analyze the spatial importance immanent in the intrinsic structure of spaces. Use of the adjacency matrix representing the connection of spaces makes it possible to analyze the spatial structure itself. On the assumption that a large number of people move continually at random in the system, the ratio of elements in any row of the n-th power of the adjacency matrix means the ratio of people of all nodes in equilibrium. Mathematically, it is the ratio of eigenvector corresponding to the dominant (maximum) eigenvalue, Therefore it is the attribute immanent in the structure of spaces itself. Moreover, it is possible to consider the relative level of attraction of spaces and the relative flow from spaces to spaces only by putting the gravity on the adjacency matrix. The ERAM model brings forth the flexible result reflecting the relativity of spaces and flows.

阿片戰爭以後의 淸英關係(1842∼51) : 通商과 關稅問題를 中心으로

方用弼 漢陽大學校 人文科學大學 1988 人文論叢 Vol.16 No.-

This paper will seek to investigate the Anglo-Chinese relations during the period of 1842-51, placing great emphasis upon the questions of trade and tariff between the two nations. In the decade from the creation of the treaty system of 1842-43, which emerged after the Opium War, to 1851, Great Britain pursued a policy of negotiation with the Qing empire. In the first instance, the author will attempt to examine the treaty system of 1842-43. Special attention will be focused upon the genuine intention of the British empire to protect China's tariff revenue through consular interference under he treaty system. Secondly, he will explore both the legal and illegal trades between the two countries. Finally, the author will endeavor to scrutinize the reasons for Great Britain to abandon the consular intervention in 1851.

BSCCO 시스템에서 초전도상의 특성

박용필,양승호,천민우 동신대학교 2005 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

BSCCO(Bi_(2)Sr_(2)Ca_(n-1)Cu_(n)O_(x)) 초전도 상을 이온 빔 스퍼터와 단일 타겟 DC-magnetron 스퍼터를 사용하여 제작하였다. 상형성은 n=2-3, 3-4 그리고 4-5 사이에서 이루어졌다. 스퍼터링 시 분위기 가스로 산소를 주입 하였고 제작된 박막의 상의 몰 비를 XRD를 이용하여 분석하였다. 각 상의 몰 비를 이용하여 초전도박막의 특성을 변화시킬 수 있음을 알았다. 또한, 각 상을 AFM과 SEM을 사용하여 박막의 표면을 관찰하여 표면의 불순물 상태를 알 수 있었다. BSCCO(Bi_(2)Sr_(2)Ca_(n-1)Cu_(n)O_(x)) superconducting phase were fabricated by an ion beam sputtering and single target dc-magnetron sputtering. Phase intergrowth among n=2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 phases was observed. The molar fraction of each phase in the mixed crystal of the deposited films was determined by X-ray diffraction analyses and investigated as a function of O_(2) gas pressure during sputtering. We investigated the changes of the superconducting properties by molar fraction of each phase. Also, the thin film surface observation was carried out by AFM. According to the result observing the surface of the thin film with SEM, even in case that the formed phase and the composition of the thin film agree, it can be known that there are a number of the precipitates on the surface.

敎員의 福祉 向上 方案 : 報酬制度의 改善을 위하여

金容弼 仁川敎育大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

北韓政治體制의 變化硏究

李容弼 서울대학교 사회과학연구소 1982 社會科學과政策硏究 Vol.4 No.1